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Survival analysis of maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) exposed to some medicinal plant powders

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Nsobinenyui D., Mbafor L. F., Mensiy W. S., Abdulai A. N., Mapiemfu-Lamare D., Sama V., Achiri D. T., Njualem D. K.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2022
|
vol. 43
126-137
EN
Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is a very destructive pest of stored maize, accounting for about 15 – 25 % of loss, and sometimes 100% in severe infestation. Synthetic pesticide is often the first step of control, which is often costly, scarce, detrimental to the environment and human health. As a result, more environmentally friend options like the use of botanicals are encouraged, in line with the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of this study was to assess how fast to kill and how hazardous are four medicinal plant powders on maize weevil. The study was conducted in June-July, 2020 in the Food Science laboratory of Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda. Plant powders of pawpaw Carica papaya seeds, cypress Cupressus macrocarpa leaves, piper Piper nigrum seeds and a control (no-input) were assessed. Mortality was observed every 48 hr for 192 hr (8 days). The data was subjected to survival analysis using SPSS ver. 23. The proportion of Event (mortality) and Censored (no mortality) at varied amongst treatment with Event in piper significantly higher ((χ2 = 26.2, df = 7, P < 0.001) than Censored, and the reverse was the case for the other treatments. Only the piper treatment had 50% lethal time (LT50) of 144 hr. The Kaplan-Meier survival probability curve of piper had many sharp drops unlike the flat curves for control and pawpaw. Hazard ratios were 0.553, 2.47and 0.819 for pawpaw, piper and cypress, respectively. We proposed the possibility of exploring the angle formed between the line linking both ends of the survival curve and the horizontal line linking the end of the survival curve and the y-axis to assess the degree of hazardousness. The findings of this study revealed that piper powder killed the maize weevil very fast and was also the most hazardous treatment. We strongly recommend the integration of piper seed powder in the management of stored maize in order to prolong the shelve life, and maintain the quality and quantity of stored maize.
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