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1
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Galectin-1 and -3 contents in primary and recurrent nasal and paranasal sinus polyps

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Markowski J., Siemianowicz K., Likus W.
Polish Journal of Otolaryngology
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2020
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vol. 74
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issue 1
13-16
EN
Introduction: Nasal and paranasal sinus polyps are one of the most common laryngological problems. Often, despite surgical treatment of nasal and paranasal sinus polyps, they grow back and require surgical retreatment. It is very difficult to predict which patients are particularly exposed to it. Markers are still being sought to predict which patients are particularly exposed to regrowth of polyps and thus require increased clinical surveillance. Galectins are a group of glycoproteins that have been intensively studied recently. The sugar part of these proteins can play a role in transmitting intercellular signals. Laryngologists are especially interested in galectins-1 and -3. The determination of their increased content in cancer tissue is considered as a marker of malignancy, which worsens prognosis in patients. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the role of galectins in benign lesions, and such are the nasal and paranasal sinus polyps. Materials and methods: In our work, the contents of galectin-1 and-3 were determined in the tissue of the surgically removed primary (n = 35) and recurrent polyps (n = 15). R esults: The content of galectin-1 and-3 showed no statistically significant differences between primary and recurrent polyps. Conclusions: The content of galectin-3 was lower in recurrent polyps, however the observed difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). Since the obtained „p” value is close to the significance limit, it is advisable to broaden the submitted studies to a larger group of patients in order to be able to fully assess whether the determination of the content of galectin-3 may be helpful in assessing the risk of recurrence of nasal and paranasal sinus polyps.
2
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Zawartość galektyny-1 i -3 w polipach pierwotnych i nawrotowych nosa i zatok przynosowych

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Markowski J., Siemianowicz K., Likus W.
Polish Journal of Otolaryngology
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2020
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vol. 74
|
issue 1
13-16
PL
Wstęp: Polipy nosa i zatok przynosowych są jednym z najczęstszych problemów współczesnej laryngologii. Niejednokrotnie, pomimo leczenia operacyjnego, polipy nosa i zatok przynosowych mają tendencję do nawrotów, wymagając ponownego leczenia operacyjnego. Bardzo trudno jest przewidzieć, którzy pacjenci są szczególnie narażeni. Wciąż poszukuje się markerów, które pozwoliłyby stwierdzić, którzy pacjenci znajdują się w grupie szczególnego ryzyka, wymagając tym samym wzmożonego nadzoru klinicznego. Galektyny stanowią grupę glikoprotein, które ostatnio skupiają coraz większą uwagę badaczy. Część cukrowa tych białek może odgrywać rolę w przekazywaniu sygnałów międzykomórkowych. Zainteresowanie laryngologów budzą m.in. galektyny-1 i -3. Stwierdzenie zwiększonej ich zawartości w tkance nowotworowej może obecnie być traktowane jako marker złośliwości nowotworu, który pogarsza rokowanie u pacjentów. Ostatnio przywiązuje się coraz większą uwagę do udziału galektyn w łagodnych zmianach rozrostowych, a do takich właśnie zalicza się polipy nosa i zatok przynosowych. Materiały i metody: W naszej pracy oznaczono zawartość galektyn -1 i -3 w tkance usuniętych polipów pierwotnych (n = 35) i nawrotowych (n = 15). Wyniki: Zawartość galektyny-1 i -3 nie wykazywała istotnych statystycznie różnic pomiędzy polipami pierwotnymi i nawrotowymi. Wnioski: Zawartość galektyny-3 była niższa w polipach nawrotowych, lecz zaobserwowana różnica nie osiągnęła istotności statystycznej (p = 0,07). Ponieważ otrzymana wartość „p” jest bliska granicy istotności, rekomendowane jest poszerzenie przedstawionych badań na większej grupie pacjentów, aby móc w pełni ocenić, czy oznaczanie zawartości galektyny-3 może być pomocne w ocenie ryzyka nawrotu polipów nosa.
3
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Nanosilver - does it have only one face?

100%
Likus W., Bajor G., Siemianowicz K.
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 4
495-501
EN
Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have at least one dimension of a particle smaller than 100 nm and contain 20-15,000 silver atoms. Due to its antibacterial activity nanosilver (NS) is used for medical purposes. NS particles can be obtained by various methods. Potentially, the best method of the NS synthesis for medical purposes is based on a brief flow of electric current between two silver electrodes placed in deionized water. It is accepted that the major antibacterial effect of silver is its partial oxidation and releasing silver ions, which interact with thiol groups of peptidoglicans of bacterial cell wall, and proteins of the cell membrane causing cell lysis. Silver ions can also bind to bacterial DNA preventing its replication and stopping synthesis of bacterial proteins. The rise in exposure to silver NPs has spurred interest into their toxicology. NS undergoes a set of biochemical transformations including accelerated oxidative dissolution in gastric acid, binding to thiol groups of serum and tissue proteins, exchange between thiol groups, sulfides and selenides, binding to selenoproroteins and photoreduction in skin to zerovalent metallic silver. Animal studies have shown that exposure to NS may lead to liver and spleen damage. NS can also stimulate an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes. As a spectrum of NS applications is still growing, the complex evaluation of a safety of its use becomes an important task. This requires an elucidation of not only the influence of NS on human cells and organism, but also its biotransformation in organism and in environment.
4
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The influence of elastin degradation products, glucose and atorvastatin on metalloproteinase-1, -2, -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, -2, -3 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

88%
Dorecka M., Francuz T., Garczorz W., Siemianowicz K., Romaniuk W.
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EN
Purpose: Hyperglycemia and increased concentrations of elastin degradation products (EDPs) are common findings in patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis and hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of high glucose, EDPs and atorvastatin on MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP1-3 gene expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (HRPE) in vitro. Method: HRPE were cultured for 24 hours with the substances being tested (glucose, EDPs), alone or in combination. Additionally, the cells were treated with atorvastatin in two different concentrations (1 or 10 μM). After incubation, total cellular RNA was extracted and used for gene expression evaluation. Gene expression was measured using the real-time RT-PCR technique. Results: Glucose, EDPs and atorvastatin had no impact on TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 expression. HRPE cells treated with glucose or EDPs with the addition of atorvastatin had a statistically significant decrease of TIMP-2 expression; glucose alone decreased MMP-1 expression. Atorvastatin decreased expression of all assessed genes, except TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Our results confirm the importance of MMPs and TIMPs in retinal vascular biology. Atorvastatin-induced MMPs gene expression can deeply affect extracellular matrix turnover, which may play an important role in the progression of ocular diseases.
5
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Influence of elastin-derived peptides, glucose, LDL and oxLDL on nitric oxide synthase expression in human umbilical artery endothelial cells

76%
Garczorz W., Francuz T., Gmiński J., Likus W., Siemianowicz K., Jurczak T., Strzałka-Mrozik B.
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2011
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vol. 58
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issue 3
375-379
EN
Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Elastin-derived peptides (EDP), hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and oxidized LDL have a proven proatherosclerotic potential. Nitric oxide generated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; EC 1.14.13.39) is an important vasorelaxant. Here we studied the influence of those proatherosclerotic factors on eNOS gene and protein expression in artery-derived endothelial cells. Human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAEC) were incubated with or without: glucose (270 mg/dl), LDL (200 mg/dl), oxidized LDL (oxLDL 25 mg/dl) or κ-elastin (0.5 and 2.5 µg/ml). Gene expression was assessed by real time RT-PCR, whilst the eNOS protein by ELISA. In cells incubated with 2.5 µg/ml of κ-elastin, a 31 % increase of eNOS mRNA expression was observed, but the protein level remained unchanged. OxLDL, LDL and glucose decreased the eNOS protein level by 74 %, 37 % and 29 %, respectively. OxLDL decreased eNOS mRNA by 42 %. LDL non-significantly decreased eNOS mRNA expression. An elevated glucose level did not affect the eNOS mRNA expression. Hyperglycemia and an elevated level of LDL, particularly oxLDL, decreased the level of eNOS protein in endothelial cells. As κ-elastin did not decrease the expression of eNOS gene in HUAEC, the proatherogenic properties of elastin-derived peptides are unlikely to be due to their influence on eNOS.
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