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EN
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone demonstrates a versatile nature in forming coordination complexes with various metals. These complexes have garnered significant interest in fields such as coordination chemistry, medicinal chemistry, catalysis, and material science. The ligand's nitrogen and sulfur atoms serve as potential coordination sites, allowing for the formation of diverse complexes with different metals. These complexes exhibit bioactive properties in medicinal chemistry, serve as catalysts in catalytic processes, and contribute to the development of novel materials with tailored functionalities in material science. The exploration of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes with multiple metals offers promising avenues for research and application in various scientific disciplines.
EN
Gels containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan at a stechiometric ratio 1:1 and 2:1 and 5-25% content of PEG-200 reveal pH from 3.42 to 4.95. The addition of 20 – 25% poloxamer 407 increases the pH from 4.55 to 5.30 for 1:1 gels and from 4.00 to 4.85 for 2:1 gels. The addition of 1.0% dextrane decreases the pH of investigated gels from 4.40 to 4.90 (1:1) and from 4.00 to 4.48 (2:1). The addition of poloxamer 407 at concentrations of 20 to 25% increases the dynamic viscosity from 506.14 to 641.20 for 1:1 and from 540.35 to 692.55 for 2:1 ratios. The addition of 1.0% dextrane increases the dynamic viscosity from 665.23 to 750.28 for 1:1 and from 645.50 to 740.16 for 2:1 ratios. The addition of dextrane and glycerol or 1,2-propylene glycol reduces the pH and maintains high adhesion. The use of dextrane and hydrophilizing substances allowed to obtain physiological range pH.
EN
The loss or failure of an organ or tissue is one of the most devastating and costly problems in healthcare. Tissue engineering is a new field that applies the principles of biology, engineering and the life science in the development of functional substitutes for damaged tissue. Regeneration involves the creation of tissue identical to that which has been lost or injured. In contrast, tissue repair restores the damaged area with functional but different tissue. This approach uses two main components: cells and scaffolds. Scaffold development underpins the advancement of tissue engineering. Materials used for scaffold preparation play a major role and have found widespread biomedical applications in the development of synthetic skin substitutes, controlled drug release delivery, artificial tissue and organs, and biosensors. They have numerous advantages, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and anti-bacterial properties. They are safe for human use.
EN
The paper presents an attempt of application of multidimensional linear regression to estimation of an empirical model describing the factors influencing on B(a)P content in suspended dust PM10 in Olsztyn and Elbląg city regions between 2010 and 2013. During this period annual average concentration of B(a)P in PM10 exceeded the admissible level 1.5-3 times. Conducted investigations confirm that the reasons of B(a)P concentration increase are low-efficiency individual home heat stations or low-temperature heat sources, which are responsible for so-called low emission during heating period. Dependences between the following quantities were analysed: concentration of PM10 dust in air, air temperature, wind velocity, air humidity. A measure of model fitting to actual B(a)P concentration in PM10 was the coefficient of determination of the model. Application of multidimensional linear regression yielded the equations characterized by high values of the coefficient of determination of the model, especially during heating season. This parameter ranged from 0.54 to 0.80 during the analyzed period.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono próbę zastosowania wielowymiarowej regresji liniowej do szacowania empirycznego modelu opisującego czynniki wpływające na zawartość B(a)P w pyle zawieszonym PM10 na terenie Olsztyna i Elbląga w latach 2010-2013. W tym okresie średnioroczne stężenie B(a)P w pyle PM10 ponad 1,5-3 krotnie przewyższało poziom docelowy. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły, że główną przyczyną wzrostu stężenia jest nieefektywność domowych kotłowni czy niskotemperaturowych źródeł ciepła, które odpowiadają za tzw. niską emisję w okresie grzewczym. Analizie poddano wzajemne zależności: stężenia pyłu PM10 w powietrzu, temperaturę powietrza, prędkość wiatru, kierunek wiatru, wilgotność powietrza. Miarą dopasowania modelu do rzeczywistego stężenia B(a)P w PM10 był współczynnik determinacji modelu. Zastosowanie wielowymiarowej regresji liniowej, przyczyniło się do opracowania równań charakteryzujących się wysokimi wartościami współczynnika determinacji modelu zwłaszcza w okresie grzewczym. Parametr ten w analizowanym okresie był na poziomie od 0,54 do 0,80.
EN
This study presents the deployment of antepsin (sucralfate) as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in H2SO4 medium. Chemical (gravimetric) and electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) techniques were used in the corrosion control investigation. The antepsin drug was characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer (GCMS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Effects of inhibitor concentration, temperature and time on weight loss, corrosion rate, inhibition efficiency and degree of surface coverage were examined. Thermodynamic and adsorption properties of the corrosion inhibition process were determined. Inhibition efficiency was optimized using central composite design tool of Design Expert software version 12. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to determine the type and effectiveness of the inhibitor. As a confirmatory test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the surface morphology of the mild steel samples. Analysis of the results showed that major constituents of antepsin include tetradecanoate, metronidazole, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and 11-octadecenoic acid. The predominant functional groups include; C=O stretch, C-H bend and symmetric and asymmetric =C-O-C. Adsorption of the molecules of antepsin on the surface of the mild steel was spontaneous and occurred in agreement with physical adsorption. A quadratic model adequately described the relationship between inhibition efficiency and corrosion control variables of concentration of the inhibitor, temperature and time. Optimum inhibition efficiency of antepsin was obtained as 86.75%. Chemical and electrochemical results agreed that antepsin is suitable for corrosion control of mild steel in H2SO4 solution. Antepsin acted as mixed-type inhibitor (controlled both cathodic and anodic reactions).
EN
Polymer-polymer interactions and miscibility for chitosan (Ch) and partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) have been investigated using dilute solution viscosity. The intrinsic viscosity, [η], and the viscosity interaction parameters, bm, have been determined for the binary (solvent/polymer) and ternary (solvent/polymer A/polymer B) systems. Degree of miscibility of these polymer mixtures was estimated on the basis of two criteria. The final result depends on (i) the applied extrapolation method used for determination of the interaction parameters, (ii) the assumed miscibility criteria, and (iii) the blend composition.
EN
Chemistry students should know about their job prospects before their graduation. Knowledge of the chemical industry will allow to consciously develop their career. Depending on what we want to deal with in the future, we should pay attention to the leaders in the chemical manufacturing sector as potential employers, and the development perspectives in chemical industry, if we are planning to start a business connected with it. An important factor in the development of chemical industry in Poland is its membership in the European Union. Our country has agreed to comply with strict rules, such as the protection of the environment. Therefore, both emerging and existing companies are required to implement European standards for the reduction of toxins , energy consumption and recycling. An important advantage of our membership is the ability to use European funding, which can help to start one’s own innovative businesses.
PL
Rozpoczynając studia na kierunkach chemicznych, warto wcześniej niż tuż po otrzymaniu dyplomu poznać perspektyw pracy, jakie daje nam zdobyte wykształcenie. Znajomość branży chemicznej pozwoli na świadome kierowanie swoją ścieżką kariery. W zależności od tego, czym chcemy się zajmować w przyszłości, warto zwrócić uwagę na liderów w sektorze produkcji chemicznej jako potencjalnych pracodawców oraz na kierunek rozwoju przemysłu chemicznego, jeśli planujemy rozpocząć własną działalność w branży. Istotnym czynnikiem wpływającym na rozwój przemysłu chemicznego w Polsce jest członkostwo w Unii Europejskiej. Nasze państwo zobowiązało się do przestrzegania restrykcyjnych przepisów w zakresie ochrony środowiska, w związku z czym nowo powstające, jak i istniejące przedsiębiorstwa zobowiązane są do spełniania norm europejskich dotyczących m.in. zmniejszenia emisji toksyn, zużycia energii oraz recyklingu. Niewątpliwą zaletą naszego członkostwa jest możliwość korzystania z Funduszy Europejskich, które mogą pomóc w rozpoczęciu własnej innowacyjnej działalności.
EN
Hydrogel films composed of chitosan and agar or chitosan, agar and honey/bee pollen were prepared; they could be used as active wound dressings. During this study, various types of gel films were prepared using chitosan with different molecular weights and ratios of the two biopolymers. In addition, compositions with different amounts of honey or bee pollen were obtained. The selected samples were characterized by determining typical properties that are important for wound dressings. The best twocomponent films had a chitosan to agar weight ratio of 2:1. From among the examined tri-component films, the 2:1:0.5 weight ratio of chitosan, agar and 50 wt% honey solution was the best composition.
EN
Chitosan and chitin are promising biopolymers used in many areas including biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and viscosupplementation. Chitosan shares similar properties with hyaluronan, a natural component of synovial fluid, making it a good candidate for joint disease treatment. The structural and energetic consequences of intermolecular interactions are crucial for understanding the biolubrication phenomenon and other important biomedical features. However, the properties of biopolymers, including their complexation abilities, are influenced by the nature of the aqueous medium with which they interact. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to describe the effect of pH and the presence of sodium and calcium cations on the stability of molecular complexes formed by collagen type II with chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides. Based on Gibbs free energy of binding, all considered complexes are thermodynamically stable over the entire pH range. The affinity between chitosan oligosaccharide and collagen is highly influenced by pH, while oligomeric chitin shows no pH-dependent effect on the stability of molecular assemblies with collagen. On the other hand, the presence of sodium and calcium cations has a negligible effect on the affinity of chitin and chitosan for collagen.
EN
Current chitosan extraction methods require a highly concentrated alkaline solvent that is costly and environmentally unfriendly. This study aimed to assess the potential of using subcritical liquid deproteination to produce amorphous chitin to reduce the alkaline concentration during the deacetylation step to obtain high-quality chitosan. A combination of microwave-assisted demineralisation, subcritical liquid (SL) deproteination, and conventional deacetylation was employed for chitosan production. Distilled water and 2% and 4% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used at subcritical liquid treatment temperatures of 100 to 250°C. Meanwhile, deacetylation using 20%-50% NaOH was attempted on the deproteinised chitin. 1.8 M hydrochloric acid at a 1:10 solid-to-liquid solvent ratio produced chitin with acceptable quality during microwave-assisted demineralisation. Demineralised chitin subjected to SL treatment at 150°C and 4% NaOH had the best protein removal (84.6%). Chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation (80.68%) was obtained at a lower alkalinity of 30% NaOH, derived from SL-deproteinised chitin (4% NaOH at 100°C). The crystallinity of chitin after SL treatment was reduced significantly from 72.4% to 59.4%, which allows easier access for the solvent to hydrolyse the acetamide bond. This study confirms that good quality chitosan can be produced by utilising SL treatment of demineralised chitin at a significantly short time and lower deacetylation solvent concentration.
EN
The target compound N-pentyl-2,7-diphenyl-3,8a-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-amine have been synthesized by4-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine with Triflouro acetic acid and benzyldehyde. The obtained products were characterized by 1H NMR, Mass and IR Spectra. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and NMR analysis technique.
EN
The studies were carried out to develop the mechanism of chitosan gel formation in the presence of glycerol phosphate GP, taking into account suggestions presented in the literature. The analysis was carried out on the basis of a change in the gel structure after conditioning in water.
EN
Membranes were prepared using three chitosans with different molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation. The influence of chitosan features on membrane physicochemical properties, i.e. degree of swelling, contact angle and tensile strength, as well as membrane separation properties in ethanol dehydration by the vapour permeation process are discussed. The conducted experiments showed that an increase in the chitosan molecular weight led to an increase in the membrane surface contact angle concomitant with a decrease in the material selectivity coefficient. On the other hand, an increase in the chitosan degree of deacetylation caused a reduction in ethanol and improved the water permeate flux. There was greater selectivity in the test process for membranes prepared from chitosan with the lowest molecular weight.
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EN
The applications of chitin are limited due to its insolubility in most organic solvents. The chemical modification of chitin to generate new bio-functional materials can bring more desirable properties. A concentration of 5% can be obtained. We have successfully prepared chitin fibres and spheres by dissolving chitin in 85% phosphoric acid in various coagulating agents and then regenerating it in 10% sodium hydroxide. The change in molecular structure was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology of different biomaterials was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM).
EN
The corrosion inhibition performances of leave extracts of Evolvulus alsinoideson (EA) X70 carbon steel in 5% HCl was investigated using weight loss and surface analysis. Weight loss measurement showed that this leave extract has high inhibiting properties for X70 steel corrosion in acidic solution and the inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in inhibitor concentration. The inhibitive action of plant extract is discussed on the basis of adsorption of stable complex at the X70 steel surface. Adsorption of EA on the X70 steel surface in 5% HCl obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Gibbs free energy of adsorption was calculated and indicated that adsorption occurred through physical and spontaneous process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the inhibitor-adsorbed steel surface affirmed the adsorption of inhibitor and improvement in the surface smoothness of the X70 steel.
EN
In the present study, six numbers of Schiff bases (1-6) have been synthesized by the condensation of 4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide and substituted aromatic aldehyde. The purities of these Schiff bases have been checked by their physical constants, IR, 1H NMR and 13CNMR spectral data. The antimicrobial activities of these Schiff bases have been evaluated using Bauer-Kirby method.
EN
The aim of this paper was to conduct preliminary instrumental tests to determine the possibility of injection applications for thermosensitive chitosan systems, including injection needles and application conditions. Among the many biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of chitosan, the minimally invasive thermosensitive scaffolds that form in vivo are an interesting solution. Despite many studies on colloidal chitosan systems undergoing sol-gel phase transition, almost no studies have examined their injectability. It has been stated that the use of acetic acid as a solvent reduces the forces needed for injection. Moreover, the key impact of injection temperature was determined. Storing the medium at room temperature before the injectability test led to a decrease in the value of forces needed for injection. The obtained results are discussed based on the change of the rheological properties of the chitosan hydrogels.
EN
We carried out fixed-bed column adsorption of metanil yellow from simulated wastewater on NATPAAC derived from oil palm fruit mesocarpfibre so as to determine the adsorption capacity, qe, of the carbon under the effects of inlet concentration, Co, carbon bed height, H and dye solution flow rate, Q. Our results indicate that the optimum qe was 15.982 mg/g by Co 25 mg/L, H 4.1cm and Q 8 mL/min. In the study, qe was observed to decrease with increase in Co and Q. The optimum bed height was 4.1cm. Our experimental data were modelled by applying Thomas and Yoon-Nelson kinetic models. Correlation coefficient, R2 values (generally above 0.85) show that the two kinetic approaches provide an effective model of the experimental data. We conclude that oil palm fruit mesocarpfibre has potential as a precursor for production of carbon for acid-dye removal from wastewater.
EN
This article focuses on preliminary investigations of the manufacture of nonwoven chitosan from a 38-mm chitosan staple fibre and fibres containing silver nanoparticles. The nonwoven chitosan is built of several needle-punched layers of fleece, with a lengthwise arrangement of chitosan fibres. Estimated were mechanical and sorption properties, apparent density, thickness and air permeability of the nonwoven chitosan.
EN
The study was undertaken to analyze the effect of chitosan cross-linking with glutaraldehyde on the adsorption capacity of chitosan beads during adsorption of Reactive Black (RB5) and Basic Green (BG4) dyes. Analyses were conducted at three pH values: pH 3.0; 5.0 and 9.0. Results obtained were evaluated with the use of four models of adsorption isotherms  Freundlich, Langmuir, Double Langmuir and Redlic-Petreson. The cross-linking of beads with glutaraldehyde turned out to be beneficial for the anionic dye RB5. Compared to the non-cross-linked beads, a comparable adsorption capacity (over 500 mg/g d.m.) was obtained at pH 3.0 and pH 5.0. In the case of the cationic dye, chitosan cross-linking reduced the quantity of adsorbed dye, irrespective of the pH value of the adsorption process.
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