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Having Children and Physical Activity Level and Other Types of Pro-Health Behaviour of Women from the Perspective of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

100%
Ziółkowski A., Włodarczyk P.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2009
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vol. 1
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issue 2
143-149
EN
Background: The subject of the paper is pro-health behaviour of women (N=477) who have children (N=124) and those who have no children (N=353). The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) by Icek Ajzen, in the light of which the differences in the health behaviour level of the sample group are considered, constitutes the theoretical basis of this work.Material/Methods: The research group consisted of women at the age of 19-36 (M=27, 5 yrs of age SD=4 yrs of age). The Health and Behaviour Survey Questionnaire by Steptoe and Wardle was used for the measurement. Four scales of healthy behaviour values, i.e., taking up physical activity, avoiding addictions, hygienic and medical behaviour and nutritional habits were analysed.Results: As a result of the comparison, it appears that childless women demonstrated a significantly higher physical activity level (M=263.03) compared to women who have children (M=170.58) at the significance level (p=0.001). As far as the hygienic and medical behaviour is concerned, a significantly higher level was observed in the group of women who have children (M=261.15) than in the group of childless women (M=231.22) at the significance level (p=0.037).Conclusions: Further research should focus on the determination of the influence of subjective norm change (knowledge) on the health activities undertaken by women.
2
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Selected Socio-Educational and Personal Aspects of Conditioning Attitudes of Fair Play in Sport

81%
Ziółkowski A., Sakłak W., Włodarczyk P.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2009
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vol. 1
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issue 2
134-142
EN
Background: It is becoming more realistic in sport to experience and achieve certain qualities that create ‘the highest good’. One of the conditions of this transgression is to obey categorically the rules of fair play.Material/Methods: This paper describes personal, social and educational determinants of moral values represented by young athletes. 212 young sportsmen were selected for purposes of this research. They were students from schools with religious and sports background.Results: The results of the research show the relation between levels of morality of fair play in sport and preferred attitudes as well as educational and religious influence of teachers.Conclusions: Personality and temperamental gauges influence the declared moral convictions considerably: neurotics declare higher social morality than non-neurotics, also due to sport behaviours.
3
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Socio-Psychological Determinants of Physical Fitness and a Value System of a Reference Group Based on the Case of the Polish Handball Federation's Referees

81%
Włodarczyk P., Strzałkowska A., Ziółkowski A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 3
194-207
EN
Background: This paper deals with determinants of physical fitness and of a value system of the Polish Handball Federation's [Polski Związek Piłki Ręcznej] referees (N=61). The reference group theory describing the transfer of a value system within a group of referees constitutes the theoretical foundation of the paper.Material/Methods: The referees' age ranged from 19 to 59 years (M=30.56 years SD=7.16 years). The measurement was carried out by means of the Scheler Values Scale constructed by Piotr Brzozowski and the Questionnaire of Ethics constructed by Wiesław Baryła and Bogdan Wojciszke.Results: The results of the six basic hierarchies of values were analysed: sanctity, hedonistic, vital, aesthetic, truth, and moral. Comparisons of data obtained from a group of referees preferring common good ethics with referees showing low acceptance of the common good ethics have not revealed a considerably higher acceptance rate only in the case of values of truth and aesthetics values.Conclusions: The remaining hierarchies demonstrated considerable statistical variance. Further research on the determinants of referees' moral behaviours should focus on determining the impact of the subject's sex and a change in temperament traits on the development of a refereeing career.
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