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1
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Subjective Evaluation of Classroom Acoustics by Teenagers vs. Reverberation Time

100%
Leśna P., Skrodzka E.
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issue 1
115-117
EN
A questionnaire was developed to evaluate acoustics in classrooms. The group of 279 pupils from 7 schools in age from 11 till 17 years were tested. The subjective evaluation was accompanied by objective measurements of reverberation time in 11 classrooms. The questionnaire was based on five point differential scales and consisted of six questions about acoustic comfort, teacher voice clarity, speech comprehension, evaluation of different noise sources intensity, annoyance and consequences of noise in the classroom. The results of statistical analysis of subjective answers and physical measurements of reverberation time were correlated. After analysis it was found that clarity of teacher voice and speech comprehension scores lowered for increasing reverberation time and was not statistically significant. Acoustic comfort score was also lower for increasing reverberation time but only in a group of pupils older than 12 years. For children under 12 years the results of questionnaire's analysis were not so clear as for older pupils.
2
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Experimental Methods Necessary in Acoustic Spectroscopy

100%
Linde B., Skrodzka E.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 127
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issue 1
120-124
EN
The paper is an overview of a theory and experimental methods used in acoustic spectroscopy. Theoretical discussion about the ultrasonic relaxation process related to energy transfer between translational and vibrational degrees of freedom as well as to the existing of chemical isomerism is presented. Two basic ultrasonic measurements methods of absorption and velocity in very wide frequency range from hundreds kHz to tens GHz are described. Several experimental examples of advantage of the ultrasonic spectroscopy are also shown.
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Assessment of Amplification Benefit for a Subject with Cochlear Dead Regions

100%
Skrodzka E., Hojan-Jezierska D.
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issue 1
155-158
EN
The purpose of the study was to determine the optimal hearing aid fitting procedure for a patient with well diagnosed high-frequency dead regions in both cochleas. The patient reported non-symmetrical hearing problems of sensorineural origin. The presence and frequency limits of dead regions was measured using the Threshold Equalizing Noise test (TEN). For binaural amplification four pairs of hearing aids were used. Three pairs of hearing instruments used were independent pairs with similar hearing aids in each pair. One pair of hearing aids was a pair of dependent devices with an ear-to-ear function. Two fitting methods were used: DSLi/o and NAL-NL1 and four different strategies of fitting were tested: the initial fitting based on the DSLi/o or NAL-NL1 method with necessary loudness corrections, the second fitting taking into account all available functions of hearing instruments, the third fitting (based on the second one) but with significantly reduced amplification well above one octave of frequency inside dead region and the final fitting with significantly reduced gain slightly below one octave inside dead regions. The results of hearing aids fitting were assessed using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit procedure (APHAB).
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Comparison of Effects of Auditory and Music Training of Blind or Visually Impaired Young People on Performance in Selected Auditory Tasks

81%
Skrodzka E., Furmann A., Bogusz-Witczak E., Hojan E.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 128
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issue 1A
A-29-A-35
EN
Performance of blind/visually impaired children and teenagers before and after the auditory training and the music training in some auditory tasks (pitch discrimination, pitch-timbre categorization, pitch memory, lateralization of a stationary sound of a drum, lateralization of one or two moving motor vehicles) is compared. In the auditory training, the subjects were actively involved, i.e. they had to answer questions related to presented sound material. The music training was based on passive listening to sounds presented according to the Tomatis method. The training (auditory or music) effectiveness was measured as a difference between results of a pre- and post-training verification test in which the subjects were asked to perform the auditory tasks mentioned at the beginning. The persons who took part in the study were divided into two age groups: 7-12 year olds and 13-19 year olds. According to the results, the auditory training was beneficial for blind or visually impaired teenagers, especially in respect of lateralization tasks. For small children the auditory training was not as effective as for adolescents. However, it has been shown that the music training was generally beneficial for them, although none of the verification tasks was privileged.
5
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Differences in the Modal and Structural Parameters of Resonance and Non-Resonance Wood of Spruce ({ em Picea abies} L.)

81%
Mania P., Fabisiak E., Skrodzka E.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 127
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issue 1
110-113
EN
Results of modal analysis and evaluation of cyclic inhomogeneity of wood and cell wall ultrastructure of a resonance and non-resonance spruce wood (Picea abies L.) are presented. The resonance wood came from a tree from Istebna, while the non-resonance wood came from a tree from the vicinity of Olsztyn. Modal analysis was made by a pulse excitation. The resonance and non-resonance wood differ in the fundamental modal parameters as well as in the number of vibrational modes. Macrostructural parameters of the wood samples were also measured. The angles of cellulose microfibrils in tangent walls of tracheids (microfibril angles or MFA) within individual annual rings were measured. The resonance wood was found to show high cyclic homogeneity of macro- and ultrastructural features.
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The Effect of Sound Reproduction Method on Performance in Sound Source Localization by Visually Impaired and Normally Sighted Subjects

81%
Furmann A., Skrodzka E., Giżewski Ł., Nowotny P.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2013
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vol. 123
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issue 6
988-994
EN
The study was undertaken to check the effect of 3D sound recording and reproduction methods on performance in localization of sound source by the visually impaired and normally sighted subjects. The performance was evaluated on the basis of the ability to identify the direction from which the sound comes and the direction of its propagation. The experiment involved a test in which the subjects were exposed to sounds reproduced by two methods of spatial reproduction: binaural (headphones) and Ambisonics (loudspeaker). The binaural recordings were reproduced through two types of headphones, open and closed ones, and the recordings were made with the help of a dummy head. The recordings for loudspeaker reproduction were made with the use of two microphone matrices, Octava and Panasonic. The subjects were adults and children, including blind and VIC. They had otologically normal hearing. The test included realization of three tasks. The first concerned identification of the direction from which sound has come from an immovable source, a rattle or a drum. In the second and third task, the subjects were asked to indicate the direction of motion of the source of sound (vehicle). For the adults, the method of recording and reproduction of sound had little effect on the test results. For the VIC, a significant difference was noted between the results of headphone and loudspeaker exposure, to the advantage of the headphone exposure. The method of binaural recording and sound exposure through headphones seems much more effective for auditory training of VIC.
7
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Investigation of Performance in Selected Auditory Tasks by Blind and Visually Impaired Children and Teenagers

81%
Bogusz E., Koprowska H., Skrodzka E.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2012
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vol. 121
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issue 1A
A-13-A-18
EN
The present work discusses results concerning sound perception obtained in selected auditory tasks, such as pitch discrimination and pitch-timbre categorization for blind and visually impaired subjects (children and teenagers). Listeners were divided into two age groups: 7-13 year olds and 14-18 year olds. The study tested 20 individuals (8 congenitally blind and 12 visually impaired) and 20 sighted persons comprising reference groups. The timing of the experiments was as short as possible due to the fact that our listeners were children. To date, no study has described results of such experiments for blind/visually handicapped children and teenagers. It was shown that the performance of blind/visually impaired participants was not as good as that of blind adults in pitch discrimination and pitch-timbre categorization tasks. These results may have implications for the development of auditory training in orientation and mobility of young visually handicapped people.
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Investigation of Vibratory Detection Thresholds on Proximal Phalange and Wrist in Blind and Visually Impaired Teenagers

81%
Bogusz E., Mrozik G., Skrodzka E.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2012
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vol. 121
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issue 1A
A-19-A-23
EN
The paper presents results concerning vibratory detection thresholds measured on a wrist and proximal phalange and fingertips of the index, middle and ring fingers for blind and visually impaired teenagers. Subjects with vision dysfunctions were divided into two groups: congenitally blind and visually impaired. The study tested 10 handicapped individuals (5 congenitally blind and 5 visually impaired) and 10 sighted persons making reference groups chosen to be adequate in terms of age, gender, body mass and height. To date, no study has described results of such experiments for blind/visually handicapped teenagers. Vibratory perception thresholds were tracked using the Bekesy algorithm. The thresholds were investigated as a function of stimulating force frequency and magnitude or an area of a stimulating probe. Threshold values obtained for the wrist were higher than values obtained for proximal phalange and fingertips. It was shown that the performance of blind/visually impaired teenagers was not better than their sighted counterparts. Suggestions about technical form and physical parameters of a vibrating device signalling places particularly dangerous for blind/visually handicapped people were formulated.
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The Concept of the Auditory Training for Blind and Visually Impaired Children and Teenagers

81%
Skrodzka E., Maciągowski M., Furmann A.
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vol. 125
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issue 4A
A-31-A-37
EN
The paper was inspired by the hitherto published results concerning provision of efficient assistance to visually impaired persons by means of acoustic and vibratory signals. The aim of the auditory training is to shorten the time necessary for execution of auditory information processing, sensibilize blind persons to differences in sounds and teach them to focus auditory attention on small differences in parameters of acoustic waves, in order to achieve independent and correct interpretation of environment by hearing and listening. The basic concept of the auditory training addressed to blind or visually impaired children and teenagers is presented in detail. Preliminary verification of the effectiveness of training of young adults without vision impairments has not shown statistically significant differences in performance before and after the training. Possible reasons for such an effect are pointed out and solutions are suggested.
10
Content available remote

The Effect of Wind Turbine Infrasound Emission on Subjectively Rated Activation Level

81%
Kasprzak C., Skrodzka E., Wiciak J.
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vol. 125
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issue 4A
A-45-A-48
EN
The problem of low-frequency acoustic waves emitted by wind turbine farms has become a great challenge to acousticians in Europe for more than 20 years. In Poland wind farm industry is growing rapidly and generates questions about the influence of such sounds on human organism. A short survey of previously published reports concerning subjectively perceived influence of wind turbines on people living next to wind farms is given together with the results of the Thayer's test measuring the difference in activation level before and after exposition on infrasound wave generated by a wind turbine. Statistically significant increase of the High Activation Level representing a tension type arousal has been revealed.
11
Content available remote

Results of Auditory Training for Blind and Visually Handicapped Children and Adolescents

71%
Bogusz-Witczak E., Skrodzka E., Furmann A., Hojan E., Przybek K.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 127
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issue 1
117-119
EN
Results of an auditory training for blind/visually impaired children and teenagers are presented. A measure of the training effectiveness is the difference between the results of a pre- and post-training verification test. Two age groups of visually handicapped young persons were tested: 7-12 years old and 14-19 years old. It was shown that the training may be beneficiary for blind or visually impaired children and teenagers, especially in tasks related to localization of moving sound sources. No differences in training results were found between age groups. The results of trained groups were compared to those obtained for not trained control groups of young blind individuals.
12
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Effect of ELF Magnetic Stimulation on Distortion Product of Otoacoustic Emission in Tinnitus Patients

62%
Pankowska M., Hojan-Jezierska D., Skrodzka E., Szymiec E., Kubisz L., Świdziński T., Wicher A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2011
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vol. 119
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issue 6A
1035-1039
EN
One of the methods for objective evaluation of the hearing system is based on acoustic otoemissions. Particularly promising is the method based on measurement of the distortion product of otoacoustic emission as it is connected to the problem of tinnitus. Slow-varying magnetic field of low induction has been used in therapy of many diseases and ailments. It is expected that magnetostimulation will be effective in treatment of certain types of tinnitus by inducing the return of the organism to homeostasis. The aim of this study was to identify the changes in distortion product of otoacoustic emission levels in patients, prior and after the magnetostimulation. However any significant changes were found among patients with tinnitus, for the control group statistically important changes in distortion product of otoacoustic emission levels were observed.
13
Content available remote

A New Method of Teaching Spatial Orientation to the Blind

38%
Hojan E., Jakubowski M., Talukder A., Wereda H., Furmann A., Ewertowski R., Skrodzka E., Perz P., Pękala P., Bogusz E., Lubawy H., Tomaszewski F., Czechyra B., Orczyk M., Szymański G., Niewiarowicz M., Hojan-Jezierska D., Jezierska A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2012
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vol. 121
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issue 1A
A-5-A-8
EN
Elaboration of a new method of teaching spatial orientation to blind and visually handicapped persons base on urban environment sounds was shown. Task 1 is a questionnaire inquiry on the problems of the blind moving in a big city. In Task 2 a preliminary selection and classification of the acoustic signals and vibrations that can be useful for spatial orientation was made. In Task 3 an analysis of acoustic signals for sound signalisation at pedestrian crossings was made. Some solutions for acoustic signalization were proposed. In Task 4 sounds and vibrations necessary for a library of acoustic events and situations characteristic of a city were recorded. In Task 5 the library was created and arranged to be ready to be used by teachers in the spatial orientation training. The most important outcome of the study was to develop a method of spatial orientation teaching with employment of sounds and verification of the method (Task 6). After verification it is concluded that the method is useful for spatial education of the blind at different levels of their education.
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