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EN
Hot extrusion process was applied to Ni_{54.3}Fe_{16.2}Ga_{29.5} polycrystalline alloy. Then the rod was annealed subsequently for 1 h at 700, 800, 900, and 1100°C. In this paper the effect of annealing on the microstructure of the polycrystalline extruded Ni-Fe-Ga alloy were analyzed. The structure of the alloys was determined by the X-ray and transmission electron microscopy. The electron backscattering diffraction technique was applied to obtain the texture of the extruded rods after heat treatment.
EN
Nickel-free titanium alloys are a promising research direction in the field of biomedical materials. Current literature reports indicate that there is a possibility of using the Ti-Ta alloys in medicine since these alloys have had satisfactory results as far as biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion and mechanical properties are concerned, which is an important aspect while considering the use of this alloy for long-lasting bone implants. This article presents the results of a high-energy milling process with the use of Ti and Ta powders. The ball-milling process was carried out for various times, including 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The research confirmed partial synthesis of the materials during the process of high energy ball milling.
EN
Series of Ni_{45.5-x}Co_{4.5}Mn_{36.6}In_{13.4}B_{x} (at.%, x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) polycrystalline magnetic shape memory alloys produced by the induction melting were examined in terms of the structure and transition temperatures. The structure of the alloys was determined by the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattering diffraction techniques were applied to obtain the microstructure and texture of alloys. Boron addition promotes nucleation of the second Co-rich and In-poor phase as well as causes decrease of the martensitic transformation temperatures.
EN
In the paper we present and discuss magnetic properties of the Tb(Ni_{1-x}Fe_{x})_{3} (x=0.2, 0.6) crystalline compounds and their ball-milled powders. The investigated samples are polycrystalline and crystallize in the rhombohedral PuNi_{3} type of crystal structure. The Curie temperature of the material seems to be independent of particle size and is constant. The coercivity depends on the amount of iron dopant. The saturation magnetization decreases after mechanical grinding which is connected with the reduction in particle size. After 6 h milling time the SEM results show the presence of nanoflakes with thickness up to 100 nm or even smaller. Moreover, the pulverization leads to the observed decrease of magnetocaloric effect.
EN
The paper is focused on the magnetic and structural properties of RCo₅ (R = Y, Gd, Sm) intermetallics fabricated by high energy ball - milling (HEBM). The investigated samples were first produced by arc-melting as bulk materials and then were milled for 1h in dimethylformamide with balls to powder ratio 10:1. The influence of the HEBM parameters on the microstructure was investigated by a variety of complementary measurement methods. The Rietveld refinement was performed to estimate the dependence of crystallite size and microstrain on type of sample. The hysteresis loops were recorded by SQUID magnetometer at 2 K and 300 K and at magnetic field up to μ₀H=7 T. The impact of short HEBM process is visible as the enhancement of coercivity and simultaneous reduction of the saturation magnetization.
EN
The aim of this study is to present the special features and properties of the two alloys of similar average chemical composition Ni₅₅Fe₂₀Cu₅P₁₀B₁₀, processed through two different routes. The first alloy was melt-spun after the ejection of homogeneous liquid using a traditional single chamber crucible, and the second alloy was ejected from a double chamber crucible as two separate liquids: i.e., Ni₄₀Fe₄₀B₂₀ and Ni₇₀Cu₁₀P₂₀, mixing only at the orifice area. The studies of the microstructure of the composite alloy were performed through the use of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The Ni₅₅Fe₂₀Cu₅P₁₀B₁₀ two-chamber melt-spun (TCMS) alloy, as well as the homogeneous Ni₅₅Fe₂₀Cu₅P₁₀B₁₀, Ni₄₀Fe₄₀B₂₀, and Ni₇₀Cu₁₀P₂₀ alloys, were heated to elevated temperatures and their characteristics studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature resistivity change method was applied to the examination of the Ni₅₅Fe₂₀Cu₅P₁₀B₁₀ TCMS alloy. The phase composition after heat treatment was investigated using X-ray diffraction. The results of the microstructure examination show that the TCMS alloy is an amorphous/amorphous composite, and is notable for its Ni-Fe-B and Ni-Cu-P stripes resulting from its differentiated chemical composition. Another unique feature of the TCMS alloy is that it retains its wood-like morphology even after high-temperature heat treatment. The crystallisation of the TCMS alloy starts from the Ni-Cu-P constituent and ends with the Ni-Fe-B areas of the sample. The results are discussed on the basis of previous work completed on amorphous matrix composites.
EN
Series of Ni_{45.5-x}Co_{4.5}Mn_{36.6}In_{13.4}B_{x} (at.%, x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) polycrystalline magnetic shape memory alloys were examined in terms of the magnetic properties, structure and transition temperatures. Depending on the boron concentration single or two phase alloys microstructures were observed. Additionally, the martensitic transformation temperatures decreases with the boron addition. Magnetic-field induced transformation occurs for the alloys with the boron addition up to 0.1 at.%. For alloys with 0.5 and 1.0 at.% of B transformation is hindered.
EN
In the present paper the Co_{1-δ}Zn_{δ}Fe₂O₄ (0 ≤ δ ≤ 1) ferrite nanopowders with a spinel type structure were synthesized using a chemical co-precipitation technique with constant flow rate ν _{FR}=120 cm³/min at three different reaction temperatures i.e. T_r =50°C, 70°C and 90°C. Magnetic and structural characteristics of the obtained materials were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction method, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. In the course of studies hysteresis loops M(μ₀H) and the relations of magnetization M_{7T} (determined at μ_0H=7 T), squareness ratio S and the Néel temperature T_{N} versus Zn content were determined and discussed in detail. It was shown that for δ<0.6 the increase in reaction temperature T_r results in a significant increase of the measured magnetic characteristics. In particular, in the case of Co_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}Fe₂O₄ ferrite nanopowder magnetization M_{7T} reaches maximal value of about 80 emu/g.
EN
In this paper the structural and Mössbauer spectral properties of multiferroic ceramic Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15} powders prepared by high-energy ball milling of polycrystalline precursor material (mixture of Bi_2O_3, TiO_2 and Fe_2O_3 powders) are presented. Mechanical synthesis was performed by high-energy vibratory mill. The X-ray diffraction methods were applied for the structure characterization of the studied samples. The parameters of diffraction line profiles were determined by PRO-FIT Toraya procedure. The crystallite sizes and lattice distortions were analyzed using the Williamson-Hall method. Investigations of hyperfine interactions in the studied materials were carried out by the Mössbauer spectroscopy. The powder morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was found that during high-energy milling phase transitions, a decrease in crystallite size and amorphization process are observed.
EN
The influence of substitution of Co for Ni in Sm(Ni_{1-x}Co_{x})₃, where x=0.0, 0,1, 0.2, on the structural and magnetic properties has been investigated. Samples with x= 0.0 and 0.2 were subjected to grinding in a high energy ball mill. The presence of a PuNi₃ type of crystal phase was evidenced for bulk crystalline and powders specimens. With an increase in the cobalt content, an increase at T_{c} was observed. From the magnetic isotherms, the magnetic entropy changes were determined both for solid and powdered samples. It has been shown that the value of the magnetic entropy change at T_c is doubled for the bulk sample with x= 0.2 but it has decreased significantly for all powdered samples.
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