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PL
StreszczenieWstępW ostatnich latach znacząco wzrosła liczba osób leczących się z powodu zaburzeń rytmu serca. Jedną z coraz powszechnychmetod leczenia schorzeń układu stymulującego pracę serca jest wszczepienie kardiostymulatora. Zadaniem kardiostymulatorajest pobudzenie i wyrównanie pracy serca odpowiednio do stanu zdrowia i wieku osoby.CelCelem pracy było dokonanie analizy oceny przygotowania pacjenta do samoopieki po wszczepieniu stymulatora serca.Materiał i metodyW badaniu wzięło udział 80 pacjentów w poradni kontroli rozruszników w Wojewódzkim Szpitalu Zespolonym w Płocku.Ankietowani udzielali pisemnych odpowiedzi za pomocą kwestionariusza konstrukcji autora niniejszej pracy orazstandaryzowanej ankiety WHQOOL-BREF.WynikiPrzeprowadzone badanie prezentuje wysoki poziom wiedzy pacjentów na temat zaleceń terapeutycznych oraz zadowoleniez prowadzonej opieki ambulatoryjnej.WnioskiStwierdzono zależność od wieku stopnia przygotowania do samoopieki pacjentów po wszczepieniu kardiostymulatora.Słowa kluczowe: wiek, kardiostymulator, self-care
EN
Metagenomic studies have become increasingly popular. They allow for the estimation of biodiversity in complex populations. This diversity presents an enormous but largely unexpected genetic and biological pool and can be exploited for the recovery of novel genes, entire metabolic pathways and their products. Generally metagenomic study is a genomic analysis of organisms by direct extraction and cloning of DNA from their natural environment. The most common problems of modern metagenomics are as follows: majority of the microorganisms present in the environment cannot be cultivated by standard techniques, DNA extraction methods are not very effective, isolated DNA is contaminated with various compounds, a choice for a screening method is not obvious.
EN
Metagenomics is a powerful tool to better understand the microbial niches, especially these from extreme habitats like oceans and seas, hot springs or deserts. However, one who is going to face the metagenomic studies should realize the challenges which might occur in the course of experiments. This manuscript indicates common problems in function-driven metagenomics, especially factors that influence gene expression are taken into account. Codon usage bias, internal cell accumulation, correct protein folding or presence of proper initiation factors are discussed and possible ways to overcome these problems are proposed. Finally, the annotation process is described, including possible limitations that one should take under consideration. What is more, the most popular databases for metagenomic data are mentioned and discussed.
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