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An assessment of water quality temporal variation in Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte canal, Sri Lanka

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Nishanthi K., Dushanan R., Mathanraj S., Priyadharshini C.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2021
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vol. 38
139-157
EN
Assessment of temporal variation of the water quality is an essential aspect of evaluating temporary changes in a water body caused by natural or artificial contributions. The study aims to assess the water quality temporal variation and the water quality index over the year from 2010 to 2019. Water sampling was carried out near the bridge of the Kotte canal. Water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined to assess the quality of water at different periods. It has been calculated based on the standard of the central environmental authority of Sri Lanka. The weighted arithmetic index method has been used to calculate the water quality index. The water quality index of the study area was recorded as good (33.60760) in 2010 and poor in 2013 (56.95663), 2016 (52.37269), and 2019 (69.04417). The study revealed that the water temperature in the canal fluctuates with the time and climate of the area. The EC of the water is registered within the reference range. However, pH, COD, DO, and ammonia are the main water parameters deviating from the reference range. It is observed that the leading causes of the deterioration of water quality are human activities, the illegal discharge of sewage and industrial wastewater, the lack of adequate sanitation facilities, and urban runoff.
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Impact of Microorganisms on Climate Change: A Review

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Mangodo C., Adeyemi T. O. A., Bakpolor V. R., Adegboyega D. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2020
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vol. 31
36-47
EN
Biosphere Reserves all over the world are areas that are deliberately and purposely kept to promote green economy and most importantly mitigate the effect of Global warming and climate change. The problems of climate change arise from the higher concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which exert a warming effect on the earth. Control of anthropogenic sources and greenhouse gases are constantly discussed and extensively researched in this matter, while the significance of microorganisms remained neglected. Although microorganisms has a contributory effect in global warming as in the case of methanogenes in the rumen of ruminants which has been implicated to increase the environmental methane gases during digestion, the role they play in converting greenhouse gas to useable form in the soil and water hence, reducing global warming cannot be over emphasized. The current review aimed to stress the neglected global importance of microorganisms in climate change. Overall, this review further support the key role biosphere reserves play in protecting soil and plant microorganisms in response to climate change control.
3
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Verification of Climate Change Using Rainfall and Temperature Data as Indicators in the Arid Zone of the Sudan 1981 to 2010

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Elbasher O. A. M., Abdalla A. K., Abdalla A. E., Mohammed H. M.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2023
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vol. 47
61-83
EN
Climate change is one of the most serious environmental and socio-economic problems of our time especially in arid areas. Sudan with the new boarders, most of its land classified as arid and semiarid regions, therefore it is very important to investigate the climate change in these areas. This research aimed to investigate the climate change reality in the arid zone in Sudan using rainfall and temperature data only. Five focal points (Kassala, Wadmedni, Eldouim, Elobied, Elfasher) were selected to represent the whole zone. The climate data of monthly and annual rainfall, minimum and maximum air temperature were obtained from Sudan Meteorological Authority (SMA) during the period from 1980 to 2010. Other climatic factors were calculated and estimated from temperature and rainfall data, such as: Potential Evapotranspiration, Cumulative Rainfall Departure, Effective Rainfall, rainfall coefficient of variance, Aridity Index and Standardized Precipitation Index. The relationship between rainfall and temperature were obtained. The period of this study (1981 – 2010), was divided into three decades and analyzed the different between each sub-period on rainfall and temperature using Duncan Multiple Range (DMR) at P ≥ 0.05. The trend of annual mean air temperature had been increased with statistically significant evidences in Kassala, Wadmedni, Eldouim and Elfasher stations; where annual rainfall trend had been increased with statistically significant evidences in Elobied station. Regarding other climatic factors: Potential Evapotranspiration trend showed significant increase in Kassala, Wadmedni and Elfasher stations; Cumulative Rainfall Departure trend showed significant increase in Wadmedni, Elobied and Elfasher stations; where Effective Rainfall, rainfall coefficient of variance, Aridity Index and Standardized Precipitation Index trends showed significant increase in Elobied station only. There were negative significant correlation between rainfall and temperature in Kassala and Elobied stations. There were no significant different between the three sub-period in annual rainfall in all stations except in Elobied station, where in mean air temperature showed significant different between the three sub-period in Kassala, Eldouim and Elfasher.
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Urban-Rural Temperature and Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) in Delta State, Nigeria

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Eyefia O. A., Efe S. I., Atuma I. M.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2023
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vol. 50
130-146
EN
The study examined urban-rural temperature and Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) in Delta State, Nigeria with the aid of the ex-post facto research design. Monthly temperature and DTR data were collected from the 5° × 5° grid point via google earth employing the Cruts 4.06 and Crutem 4-2019-12 grid boxes. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Paired t-test, and Mann-Kendall test were employed to establish the variation and trend in temperature and DTR in urban–rural areas of Delta State. In the same vein, the Tukey HSD Multiple Comparisons were used to determine where the significant variation lies. The study indicates that Delta state has an annual temperature of 26.9 °C and a DTR of 8.4 °C. The results also showed an urban bias of 0.2 °C in temperature and 0.4 °C in DTR in the urban-rural canopies, which confirmed the concept of urban heat islands and their negative impacts on DTR. The study confirmed that that a significant difference exists in annual temperature between urban and rural areas of Delta State. The outcomes of the study indicate that a significant difference exists in annual DTR between the urban and rural areas in Delta State. That the annual mean temperature and DTR between the urban and rural areas differ significantly. Therefore, the study recommends that urban planners adhered to planning regulations and the green roof city approach.
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Upwelling session in Indonesia waters

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Purba N. P., Khan A. M. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2019
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vol. 25
72-83
EN
The aim of this research was to analyze monthly sea surface temperature (SST) and chlor-a satellite data for 16 years from 2003 in an area from south Java to north Papua. The results show that the temporal and spatial pattern of SST and chlor-a distribution strongly was related to the monsoonal pattern. The upwelling session starts from May and ends in the October, in the south-east monsoon season. The lowest SST (25-30 °C) and the highest chlor-a (2.23 mg/l) is found in August in the south-east monsoon season. In addition, the largest upwelling area occurs in July, and ranges within 790,221 km2 of size.
6
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Climate change: Policy and Politics

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Pudasainee A., Ojha R. B.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2017
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vol. 13
43-51
EN
Climate change has now become an inevitable truth. Anthropogenic CO2 emission accounts for 80% of total GHGs emission and is at the highest level (403 ppm) of CO2 observed in human history. According to the Global climate risk assessment, Nepal contributes only 0.01% of all global CO2 emissions and 0.025% of total GHGs emissions, but ranks 13th in the category of most vulnerable country. Nepal, being signatory of UN policies and strategies set out for global action, has begun implementing mitigation measures. Thus, Nepal’s government prioritizes climate change issues in its action plan, policies and acts. It is difficult. On one hand the poor economic countries such as Nepal are struggling under changing climatic circumstance, whereas on other hand, developed countries make this a political agenda. Still, alarmists and skeptics have their own opinion. Alarmists claim that we will be burning in hell by the end of the century. Skeptics assert that fear has been misplaced. This paper, prepared with thorough review of secondary sources via Web science, Scopus and Google scholar, aims to highlight the global climatic political debate that influences the climate change deal and recommends policies for the same.
7
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Rainfall Variability and Drought Occurrences in the Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka

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Rajendram K.
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vol. 39
30-45
EN
Due to recent climate changes and monsoon variability, the amount, pattern, and intensity of rainfall are significantly changing in many Asian countries. This paper attempts to study the annual and seasonal rainfall patterns and their variability, and the occurrence of droughts. Monthly rainfall data have been collected from the Department of Meteorology, Colombo, from 1871-2020 for Batticaloa station. The Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation least-square trend had computed for annual and seasonal rainfall to study the rainfall variability as whole and different epochs. To study the drought scenario Standardized Precipitation Index had computed, and then the drought was categorized based on the SPI criteria, and the drought severity had distinguished. Spatial rainfall distribution maps had prepared using Arc GIS 10.4 software. The Standard Deviation and the Coefficient of annual rainfall variation are 423.9 and 24.8%, respectively. The epochal variability results reveal that the variability of rainfall is higher in 1961-1990 (CV: 28.9%), which indicates the low dependability, while variability is lower in the epochs of 1931-1960 (CV: 17.7%) and 1871-1900 and (19.6%) respectively. The long-term rainfall trend (1871-2020) results reveal the increasing trend and its r2 = 0.0271. However, only the epoch 1961-1990 shows a downward trend with r2 = 0.2398. The rainfall anomaly results reveal the extreme drought had occurred in 1968 and 1889. The severe droughts had occurred in 1998, 1983, 1981, 1980, 1909, and 1890. Out of 150 years of data periods, 25 years had been identified as drought years. The probability of drought occurrence is P = 0.167. Terefore once in five to six years, drought could have occurred.
8

Współczesne globalne ocieplenie klimatu – przegląd wybranych zagadnień

100%
Miętus M.
Biuletyn Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Wodoru i Ogniw Paliwowych
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2009
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issue 4
44-51
9
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Analysis of Rainfall Trend in Sokoto State, Nigeria (1987-2016)

100%
Ekoh H. C.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2020
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vol. 28
171-186
EN
Rainfall is an important climatic parameter. The study examined the nature of trend in annual rainfall amount and rainfall attributes such as onset, cessation dates and hydrological growing season. This study was carried out to determine if there was any significant change in rainfall in the study area. Walter’s 1967 formula was used to determine the onset, cessation and hydrological growing season. The results obtained were then subjected to a time-series analysis. The findings showed that annual rainfall in Sokoto from 1987 to 2016 is on the increase, Onset dates showed early onset of recent. The rains stopped late thereby increasing the hydrological growing season. The latest onset date occurred on 4th July in the years 1995 and 2016 and the earliest onset date on 12th April in the year 2015. The earliest cessation date was recorded on 22nd August in the year 1987 and the latest on 18th October in the years 2009 and 2010. The Hydrological growing season was longest (162 days) in 2015, this was seen to be a result of the onset dates of rainfall occurring earlier and cessation dates later. Despite the upward trend rainfall is variable and unreliable and insufficient to meet the water needs of the plants, and this has a great implication resulting in cases of seasonal drought occurrences and reduced agricultural yield. The government policies as related to agriculture and water resources development should be based on recent rainfall parameters.
10
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Rainfall Variability of South-West Monsoon: A Special Study Based on Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka

100%
Kaleel M. I. M.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2018
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vol. 18
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issue 2
195-202
EN
This study was conducted using secondary data from the Meteorological Department obtained from five stations in Ratnapura District: Ratnapura, Eheliyagoda, Balangoda, Lellopitiya and Embilipitiya. The objective of the study was ‘to identify rainfall trend and variability analysis in the study area and to find the impact of climate changes on rainfall variability in the study area’. The average rainfall in the selected stations are: in Embilipitiya - between 112 mm to 170 mm, in Balangoda - from 170 mm to 230 mm, Lellopitiya – from 230 mm - 290 mm and both Ratnapura and Eheliyagoda - 290 mm to 360 mm. To identify the rainfall variability, the moving average technique was employed, using 7 years of data. According to the result of this study, climate change has impact on rainfall variability in the Ratnapura District.
11
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Biochar: Promoting Crop Yield, Improving Soil Fertility, Mitigating Climate Change and Restoring Polluted Soils

100%
Adeyemi T. O. A., Idowu O. D.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2017
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vol. 8
27-36
EN
The agricultural and environmental sectors are plagued with challenges. In agriculture, soil infertility and the subsequent quagmire of poor crop yield, has always been a major problem that limits worldwide agricultural productivity. Major environmental concerns, including Climate Change and Soil Pollution, are receiving continual attention from key stakeholders. Efforts are hence being directed at curtailing or mitigating the devastative consequences of these man-made ‘monsters’. Recently, agricultural and environmental research reveals biochar to be a veritable technology that could be used to deal with some of these concerns. Biochar has the ability to have impact upon important soil properties, such as the raising of soil pH and water holding capacity, the attraction of beneficial fungi and microbes, improvement of cation exchange capacity (CEC), induce high carbon sequestration ability and nutrient retention capacity. Moreover, its large surface area makes it a potential remedy to several identified challenges. This review, therefore, critically highlights the importance of biochar, as well as the various ways of harnessing biochar technology towards global food security and environmental sustainability.
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Conceptual analysis of urban water management considering climate change scenarios

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Halefom A., Khare D., Sisay E., Teshome A., Worku T., Tadesse D., Dananto M.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2020
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vol. 28
51-66
EN
Since the trends of adverse climate change and integrated urban water management have continued in the twenty-first century, governments and other institutions seek reliable predictions as water resource requirements arise. Although uncertainty is never cut off from the need for a probabilistic movement, through current developments in science and the technology of hydrological modeling on urban water management analysis, researchers can improve the ability to create realistic scenarios that will benefit the water sector it adapts to these changes. Model studies on the combined effects of climate change and the water sector have found that the change can be significant, depending on scenarios and the assumptions of climate change, as well as the degree of urban development. In this work, conceptual analysis of urban water management has been applied to several scenarios of climate change in order to obtain new insights and uncertainties.
13

Globalne ocieplenie – kilka niewygodnych prawd

100%
Małecki A.
Biuletyn Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Wodoru i Ogniw Paliwowych
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2009
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issue 4
52-59
14
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SYNOPTYCZNE UWARUNKOWANIA ZJAWISK NIEBEZPIECZNYCH DLA LOTNICTWA

100%
SZOT S.
Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe
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2013
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issue 7
25-38
EN
The aim of the paper is to assess the influence of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of fogs, low-base clouds, strong winds and thunderstorms. The research is based on the data from the period 1996–2005 coming from the Cracow-Balice meteorological station as well as on the synoptic situations’ classification elaborated by T. Niedźwiedź. In the essential part of the research, days when particular phenomena occurred were analyzed andspecific weather elements’ values were determined. Their probability during particular circulation types was calculated. The research results would suggest that fogs occur most likely during the advection from S and SW related with the high; moreover, during the high pressure center and the wedge of high pressure. Low-base clouds occur typically during the advection from E and SE, regardless of the pressure pattern; furthermore, during the low pressure center and the trough of low pressure. Strong wind occurrence is most likely accompanied by the advection from W and NW, related with the low. Thunderstorms are mostly favoured by the low pressure center and the trough of low pressure.
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SWOT Analysis of Urban Development on Kolonnawa Urban Council, Sri Lanka

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Nishanthi K., Dissanayaka D. M. N. P.
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vol. 39
46-60
EN
Changes in land use and land cover are a result of urban growth. Human activity has a vital role in city development since it helps to increase people's living standards, property values, accessibility, and safety. This study looked into the importance of legal procedures in accordance with the country's long-term development goals. It was also used to reveal the area's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks to the environment and people due to urban development. The study gathered data from both primary and secondary sources. The SWOT analysis was used to highlight the implications of urban growth in the research area. Maps analysis has been done using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The statistical data on unauthorized filling was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The findings show that, rather than being a source of strength and opportunity, urban expansion is also a source of weakness and risks. Threats to natural resources and humans, in particular, are disproportionately significant. Due to land demand, 62% of the land has been developed, jeopardizing the available marsh and paddy area. The growth of Kolonnawa urban council, which is located below mean sea level (MSL), causes flooding in the area every year. Based on a 50 year flood inundation, the grama niladari divisions of Wadulla, Orugodawatta, Meethotamulla, Gajabapura, Wijayapura, and Salamulla have been declared as high impacted locations.
16
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Evaluation of Some Groundwater Sources in Ota, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria

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Enyoh C. E., Enyoh E. C., Ohiagu F. O.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2021
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vol. 36
99-113
EN
In a three year study (2018, 2019 and 2020), some groundwater sources in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria were evaluated for quality. A total of one hundred and eighty composite borehole water samples were collected from 10 locations/sites in the study area. The sampling sites in the study were A (Iju), B (Onipannu), C (Ilogbo), D (Arobieye), E (Igbooloye, F (Osi), G (Ijoko), H (Akeja), I (Oju-ore) and J (Iyesi). Samples collected were analyzed using standard procedure for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride and iron (Fe). Results over three years showed that the water was acidic with pH < 6.5, EC ranged from 39.52±0.79 to 134.99±0.03 µS/cm, TDS ranged from 19.43±0.42 to 81.00±0.02 mg/L, chloride was consistent at 0.02±0.00 mg/L while Fe ranged from 0.00±0.00 to 0.11±0.08 mg/L. There was no definite yearly trend except for Fe which dropped from 0.036 mg/L in 2018 to 0.011 mg/L in 2020. Modelling the data for consumption using water quality index (WQI) showed that the groundwater is of excellent quality with WQI < 50 while for health risks using the average daily dose (ADD) and hazard quotient showed that the groundwater would pose no non-carcinogenic risks. Periodic monitoring covering more parameter is recommended to reflect the proper status of groundwater sources in Ota.
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Impact of changes in climatic variables on wild and cultivated mushroom in Rivers State, Nigeria

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Immanuel O. M., Oyedeji A. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2023
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vol. 50
17-32
EN
Mushroom enjoyed as a local culinary delicacy in most parts of Nigeria is fast disappearing from our meals. The bulk of the edible mushrooms consumed in Nigeria are collected from the wild. Several wild mushroom species have disappeared from the Nigerian forests owing to deforestation and climate change. This study surveyed the impact of temperature and rainfall on the fruiting bodies of wild and cultivated species of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus tuberregium and Lentinius subnudus. It was observed that the wild mushroom had longer fruiting time and their fruiting bodies were smaller in weight compared to those cultivated. Given the numerous benefits of mushroom in health and nutrition, and the abundance of agro-waste from farming activities across Nigeria, a case is made for more cultivation of mushroom among rural dwellers towards reduction of the contribution to greenhouse gasses from burning agro-waste, and as a means of poverty reduction to forestall the use of firewood for cooking.
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