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1
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Effects of 8-months yoga training on shaping the spine in people over 55

100%
Grabara M.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
|
2013
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vol. 5
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issue 1
59-64
EN
Study aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hatha yoga practices on the shaping of the anteroposterior (AP) spinal curvatures in students of the University of the Third Age, who participated in hatha yoga classes. Material and methods: 20 women and 5 men took part in the study. Hatha yoga classes were held once a week for 90 minutes over a period of 8 months along with additional exercises including basic positions of hatha yoga in home conditions 1-2 times a week for about 30 minutes. The inclination of the AP curvatures of the spine was measured twice, before and after the end of the classes. A Rippstein plurimeter was used for the measurements. R esults: Measurements of the angle of thoracic kyphosis before starting the series of hatha yoga classes and after finishing them showed a decrease in thoracic curvature in female (p < 0.01). In case of the angle of lumbar lordosis, a reduction in this curvature as a result of yoga techniques has been observed in women (p < 0.01) too. Amounts of AP curvatures of the spine, measured after completing the series of hatha yoga classes, fluctuated around correct values better than before taking them up. Conclusion: This study has shown that yoga training leads to an improvement in the habitual body posture in case of aggravating (excessive) AP curvatures of the spine.
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Postural variables in girls practicing sport gymnastics

100%
Grabara M.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
|
2010
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vol. 2
74-77
EN
Study aim: To assess body posture variables in girls practicing sport gymnastics vs. their untrained mates.Material and methods: Two groups of girls aged 7 - 11 years were studied: 48 young female gymnasts (Group SG) and 54 untrained girls (Group C) of comparable age, body height and BMI. The gymnast girls had 3 - 7 training sessions a week, their training experience ranging 1 - 5 years. Body posture was assessed by photogrammetry.Results: Shoulder blades and pelvis were significantly (p<0.05) more symmetrical in gymnast girls than in the control group and their spine was better shaped in the youngest gymnasts (p<0.01). Gymnast girls were significantly (p<0.01) superior to their untrained mates in overall posture rating, Lumbar lordosis was less expressed (p<0.05) in gymnast girls aged 7 - 10 years than in the control ones.Conclusions: Sport gymnastics practiced at young age may affect posturogenesis bringing about body symmetrisation and shaping spine curvatures, especially lumbar lordosis.
3
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Body posture of young female basketball players

100%
Grabara M.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2012
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vol. 4
76-81
EN
Study aim: To assess body posture and somatic parameters in young females practicing basketball in comparison with their non-training peers and to state whether there is a relationship between the quality of one's posture and the length and frequency of training.Material and methods: The study included 32 young female basketball players aged 13-15 years old. The period of basketball practice was 3-4 years for the group aged 13-14 years; the frequency of practice was 3-7 times per week. In the case of the group of 15-year-olds, it was 4-5 years, 4-7 times a week, respectively. The control group consisted of 37 young female subjects in the same age brackets that did not participate in any directed physical activity. Body height was measured with the use of a height meter at medical scales, whereas body mass, fat mass, and total body water mass were defined with the use of Tanita electronic scale. A specialist device using the projection Moiré method (MORA, CQElektronik System, Poland) was used to assess one's body posture.Results: Body height and water mass were significantly different in the younger group. However, the parameters of body posture differed significantly only in the group of 15-year-olds. The following have been observed: much greater asymmetries in pelvic placement in the transverse plane (p<0.05), significantly greater asymmetries of shoulder blades in relation to the transverse plane (p<0.01), as well as significantly smaller thoracic kyphosis angle (p<0.05) in female basketball players in comparison with the placement of the above parameters in their non-training peers. Moreover, correlations between the frequency of basketball practice and the deflection of the line of spinous processes, torso inclination angle, placement of shoulder blades in the transverse plane and towards the spine, kyphosis angle, and a synthetic index of body posture (i.e. postural symmetry) were noted.Conclusions: Training basketball may lead to increased occurrence of asymmetry of one's body posture.
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Analysis of Body Posture Between Young Football Players and their Untrained Peers

100%
Grabara M.
Human Movement
|
2012
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vol. 13
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issue 2
120-126
EN
Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyze the body posture of young football players and their untrained peers. Methods. A group of 73 football players and 78 untrained boys, all aged between 11 and 14 years, were studied by measuring body posture indices with computer posturography (the MORIE technique). Spinal angles and curvatures in the sagittal plane and body posture asymmetry in the frontal and transversal plane were measured. Body height and mass and BMI were also determined. Results. Compared to the untrained boys, the group of football players had lower BMI. The position of pelvis in the frontal plane was more symmetrical (p < 0.001) in football players, but the alignment of the remaining measured parameters was similar between the two groups except for the horizontal symmetry of the waist triangles (a higher incidence of symmetry in some ages groups of football players) and the horizontal symmetry of the shoulder blades (a higher incidence of asymmetry in some ages groups of football players). A postural symmetry index that was created for this study did not find any differentiation among the studied groups. The spinal alignment of the football players featured a more flattened lumbar lordosis. Conclusion. Previously conducted studies on the body posture of young athletes are still not ample and complete, while the results do not clearly indicate the development of posture when subjected to sports training.
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Influence of Football Training on Alignment of the Lower Limbs and Shaping of the Feet

100%
Grabara M.
Human Movement
|
2008
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vol. 9
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issue 1
46-50
EN
Purpose. One of the aims of football training is to enhance the musculo-ligamentous apparatus and increase mobility of the lower limbs' joints. Proper football footwear is compulsory as games are being played on different surfaces. This has direct impact on the placement of one's feet and distribution of forces within feet arcs. The purpose of this study was to compare the placement of feet and toes of boys training football with their peers who did not practise football. Basic procedures. This study was carried out on 72 junior football players, aged 10-14 years, who were divided into 4 groups according to age and training level. The control group included 80 boys of similar age. The examination was performed using Moiré technique. Alignment of the knees was assessed visually. Computer analysis of the results covered the following parameters: Clarke's angle, α, β and γ angles, length-to-width index and KY index. Main findings. Feet anomalies were more frequent in footballers. In the older players these were mainly varus knees (around 40%), while the younger one's had valgus knees more often than the non-players. Hallux valgus (over 20%), especially of the left foot, and varus toes (over 90%) were also more frequent in the non-training boys. Besides there was a decrease of curvature of the longitudinal and transverse feet arcs that was more frequent in the right feet. However, longitudinal and transverse characteristics of the left feet arcs did not differ between the exercising and non-exercising groups. Conclusions. The examination of the feet confirmed the impact of football training on the placement of feet and toes and curvature of the feet arcs.
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Body posture in orphan children aged 8-13 years

100%
Grabara M.
|
PL
Celem pracy było porównanie postawy ciała dzieci z placówek opiekuńczo-wychowawczych z postawą ciała dzieci z rodzin pełnych. Badaniami objęto 28 dziewcząt i 27 chłopców z domów dziecka, a grupę kontrolną stanowiło 36 dziewcząt i 36 chłopców. Przedział wiekowy wszystkich badanych to 8-13 lat. Do oceny postawy ciała wykorzystano metodę fotogrametryczną. Badania wykazały, iż u dzieci z domów dziecka notowano większe spłaszczenie kifozy piersiowej, częściej występowały też asymetrie trójkątów talii oraz skrzywienia boczne kręgosłupa z odchyleniem powyżej 10 mm. Zarówno w grupie eksperymentalnej, jak i kontrolnej ocena postawy w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej wskazała na znaczny odsetek postaw złych wg typologii Wolańskiego, przy tym u dzieci osieroconych były one częstsze, a dominującym typem postawy był typ lordotyczny.
EN
The purpose of the study was to compare body posture in orphan children with body posture in children from full families of the same age. The study was carried out in an experimental group consisting of 28 orphan girls and 27 boys and in a control group numbering 36 boys and 36 girls. The age of all the examined children ranged from 8 to 13 years. Body posture evaluation was carried out by means of photogrammetric method - the Moiré technique. The results showed greater flattening of thoracic kyphosis in orphan children as well as more frequent asymmetries of the waist's triangles and scoliosis of inclination over 10mm. In both the experimental and control group evaluation of the body posture in the sagittal plane revealed a high percentage of defective posture cases according to the Wolańki's typology and in the orphan children they were more common and lordotic posture type was the predominant one.
7
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Investments in Recreational and Sports Infrastructure aS A Basis for the Development of Sports Tourism On the Example of Spa Municipalities

64%
Hadzik A., Grabara M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2015
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vol. 21
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issue 2
97-101
EN
Introduction. Among the basic conditions for the development of tourism in spa municipalities, investments in different infrastructure, including recreational and sports facilities should be distinguished. The aim of this work was to show the scope and the financing of sports and recreational investments in selected spa municipalities in Poland. Material and methods. The article uses the diagnostic survey method. The surveys were carried out in June 2012 among the representatives of the selected spa municipalities with the use of a specially prepared questionnaire. Results. The municipalities covered in this research declared carrying out investments in recreational and sports infrastructure, most often in football pitches. During the survey the highest number of investments of this type were conducted in Kołobrzeg. Among other recreational and sports projects, one of the most popular was investing in cycling routes. The research on the sources of financing of investments in recreational and sports infrastructure shows that almost all municipalities declared using funds from their own income. Furthermore, most of the analyzed municipalities used resources from the European Union. Other sources of financing were not that popular. Conclusion. In the time of apparent competitiveness and globalization of the spa market, recreational and sports facilities are very important. The authors believe that sports tourism can be one of the forms of health tourism in spas. The conducted research of spa municipalities has proved that: - major recreational and sports investments covered sports fields, mainly football pitches and cycling routes, - the primary sources of financing in the analyzed municipalities turned out to be their own income and resources from the EU.
8
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Effects of Hatha Yoga on the Shaping of the Antero-Posterior Curvature of the Spine

64%
Grabara M., Szopa J.
Human Movement
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 3
259-263
EN
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of hatha yoga exercises on the shaping of the antero-posterior spinal curvature in first-year students of the University of Physical Education in Katowice who participated in hatha yoga classes. Methods. 72 women and 46 men took part in the study. Hatha yoga classes were held once a week for 90 minutes over a period of 15 weeks. Measurements of the subjects' spines were performed twice, first before the start of the classes and then after all the classes were finished. The students were divided into three groups, the first composed of all the participants in the study, the second of students whom attended the yoga classes and practiced hatha yoga in their free time, whereas the third group was composed of students for whom hatha yoga was their only form of physical exercise. The inclination of the anteroposterior curvature of the spine, i.e. the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles, were measured with a Rippstein plurimeter. Results. The results found that after 15 weeks of yoga, a decrease in the thoracic kyphosis angle (ThKA) and lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) occurred in most of the subjects. Differences between the values of these angles before/after yoga were statistically significant in women (p < 0.001), whereas in men, only a decrease of the thoracic kyphosis angle was statistically significant (p < 0.001). After completing the hatha yoga classes, the majority of students (50-62%) were found to have correct angular values of the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis when compared to the measurements taken before the start of classes (40-45%). Conclusion. An assessment on the shaping of the anteroposterior curvature of the spine finds that hatha yoga exercises have a positive impact on one's body posture in the sagittal plane.
9
Content available remote

Postural variables in girls practicing volleyball

64%
Grabara M., Hadzik A.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
|
2009
|
vol. 1
67-71
EN
Study aim: To assess body posture of young female volleyball players in relation to their untrained mates.Material and methods: A group of 42 volleyball players and another of 43 untrained girls, all aged 13 - 16 years were studied with respect to their body posture indices by using computer posturography. Spinal angles and curvatures were measured, and asymmetry and body posture type were assessed. Body height and mass, BMI and body fat content (by bioimpedance technique) were determined.Results: As compared with untrained girls, the volleyball players were more slender, the positions of shoulders and pelvis being more symmetrical, and shoulder blades and waist triangles were more asymmetrical. Volleyball players were predominantly kyphotic, their lumbar lordosis was flattened and head protruded, especially in those having longer training experience.Conclusions: The observed asymmetries brought about by unilateral training loads and progressing thoracic kyphosis call for applying corrective and/or yoga exercises to adolescent female volleyball players.
10
Content available remote

Spine flexibility and the prevalence of contractures of selected postural muscle groups in junior male football players

51%
Grabara M., Kołodziej G., Wójcik M.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 2
15-18
EN
Study aim: To assess spine flexibility and possible muscle contractures at shoulder and hip joints in boys practicing football and in their untrained mates.Material and methods: Two groups of boys aged 10 - 13 years were studied: football players (n = 176) and untrained boys (n = 137). Warm-up stretching exercises were applied at every training session. Spine mobility was determined by measuring differences between standing and bent postures in the forward (thoracic and lumbar regions), backward and lateral bends and in axial rotation (body twist). Muscle contractures were detected by applying Thomas', Dega's (wall test) and pseudo-Laseque's (for sciatic-tibial muscles) tests.Results: Boys training football had significantly (p<0.01 - 0.001) better mobility of the thoracic spine and in the transversal plane, that latter being age-related. Muscle contractures (by pseudo-Laseque's test) were significantly (p<0.05) less frequent in football players than in untrained boys, especially in the older ones.Conclusions: Stretching exercises ought to be recommended as elements of warm-ups and of physical education classes in order to improve spine flexibility and reduce the incidence of muscle contractures (thoracic and sciatictibial muscles and hip flexors).
11
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Energy expenditure of nordic walking and conventional walking assessed by accelerometer

39%
Mynarski W., Grabara M., Rozpara M., Nawrocka A., Powerska-Didkowska A., Borek Z.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2014
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vol. 6
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issue 1
EN
Study aim: the objective was to assess and compare the energy expenditure (EE) and exercise heart rate (EHR) during Nordic Walking (NW), and conventional walking (W) in physical education and tourism/recreation university students. Material and methods: a total of 53 women and 65 men, students at the Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, and Polytechnic in Opole, in Poland, were investigated to assess the EE of Nordic Walking and conventional walking, and to measure the EHR, a uniaxial accelerometer – Caltrac Monitor, and a pulsometer – Polar RS 400 SD were used. After a standard warm-up, the participants (joined group) were marching with poles for 30 minutes, at a speed regulated by the group’s leader, who used footpod’s indications: 5.5–6.5 km/h – in Katowice, and 7.5–8.5 km/h – in Opole. After a break, during which the participants’ heart rate decreased below 100 bpm, the above actions and measurements were repeated, during normal walking. Results: energy expenditure during Nordic Walking (EE NW), expressed in kcals and METs, was in women and in men, at both analyzed speeds, significantly higher (p < 0.05) than during conventional walking (EE W). EHR was higher during NW, compared to W, and the statistically significant differences were revealed both in female’s and male’s groups. Conclusions: our study data have shown that EE and EHR during Nordic Walking, have been significantly higher than during conventional walking, regardless of the moving speed and gender. NW might present a useful modality in prevention of hypokinetic disorders.
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