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1
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THE USE OF SULFONAMIDES IN THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF HUMANS AND ANIMALS AND THE ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

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PODKOWA A., WŁODARCZYK A., OPOKA W., MUSZYŃSKA B.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2018
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vol. 28
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issue 110
4-10
EN
Sulfonamides are one of the oldest antibacterial drugs that remain still in use in humans and animals treatment. These compounds block the biosynthesis of folate in bacterial cells, thus inhibiting growth of bacteria. In order to potentiate the pharmacological activity, sulfonamides are often combined with trimethoprim. The role of those bacteriostatic agents has decreased over the years, mainly due to increasing bacterial resistance which is an effect of the inappropriate use of sulfonamides. There are still several compounds which are administered in humans to treat not only bacterial infections, but also protozoan ones (e.g. toxoplasmosis), for instance sulfamethoxazole, sulfacetamide, sulfathiazole. More number of sulfonamides is used in veterinary. According to this fact, there is a considerable adverse effect of those compounds on the environment: sulfonamides, after having been excreted from animal organisms, are present in soil and water, including groundwater. Hence there is a strong need to find effective methods of sulfonamides degradation in order to protect the environment.
2
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Biological and physico-chemical properties of thallium

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MUSZYŃSKA B., ROJOWSKI J., DOBOSZ K., OPOKA W.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2015
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vol. 26
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issue 105
180-185
EN
Thallium is a toxic and quite common element in the environment, but it is poorly examined, despite the known toxic activity of this metal. The ionic radius of the element is similar to the ionic radius of potassium, and at the same valence (K+,Tl+) allows substitution of this element in the nervous system and muscle, which results in its toxic activity. Thallium interferes with many enzymes and also has a strong affinity to the group – SH. The most dangerous symptoms of poisoning come from central nervous system. This element is easily cumulated by many living organisms, which poses a serious threat. In the past, it was used in rodenticides, and despite the risks, in many countries is still used for this purpose due to its low production costs. Contamination of this element of industrial areas is associated with the steel industry and cement production, while residents of these areas are often not aware of the threat and grow in these area vegetables that can absorb thallium, and in particular here talking about the Brassicaceae family. This element in the environment should be constantly monitored. Its isotope such as 201Tl (Thallium-201) has some significance in medicine, as radiopharmaceutical.
3
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L-tryptophan and its deriviates in edible mushroom species.

88%
MUSZYŃSKA B., KOMENDACKI P., KAŁA K., OPOKA W., ROJOWSKI J.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2014
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vol. 26
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issue 103
82-88
EN
Mushrooms are able to accumulate both primary and secondary metabolites. Medicinal and antioxidant properties of mushrooms are an excellent combination of their nutrition value. Recent studies have demonstrated that edible mushroom species contain non–hallucinogenic indole compounds and their derivatives. The indole skeleton is the basis of the substances serving important functions in the human body, such as serotonin and melatonin. These compounds fulfill the role of neurotransmitters or their precursors, exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, anti–aging actions, regulate the diurnal cycle in humans and participate in blood coagulation. These compounds and their derivatives are also anti– inflammatory and analgesic therapeutics.
4
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Zinc determination in extracts from bacopa monnieri shoot cultures into simulated gastric fluids.

88%
MUSZYŃSKA B., ROJOWSKI J., ŁOJEWSKI M., DZIWULSKA K., OPOKA W.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2015
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vol. 26
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issue 105
175-179
EN
Bacopa monnieri (Water hyssop) is a hydrophyte occurring in Asia and the southern US states. This plant is known in India as Brahmi and has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for 5,000 years as sedative, supporting the treatment of insomnia and improving cerebral circulation. For the biological effect in this species are responsible triterpenoids saponins – bacosides. The aim of the study was to obtain the biomass of B. monnieri shoot in vitro cultures, and then evaluating the biomass growth and content of zinc. B. monnieri derived from in vitro culture on Murashige-Skoog medium (MS) and on the same medium, but enriched in organic additives and elements may be a good source of Zinc for the human body. The experiment was also conducted on the commercial formulations containing B. monnieri. For the determination of zinc ions DP ASV method was used. It was found that the use of highly mineralized water (mineral water “Stefan” – Spa Szczawnica) for extraction of B. monnieri biomass from in vitro culture provided the highest concentration of zinc in the material and for the biomass from MS medium with the addition of As (163.52, and 167.23 mg/mL, respectively). The lowest content was found in B. monnieri biomass from MS medium supplemented with serine, and the capsules product (13.54 and 14.57 mg/mL). For extracts of B. monnieri biomass from MS medium enriched with Zn salts into digestive juices the highest concentration of zinc was determined in gastric juice (6.88 mg/mL).
5
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Tricholoma equestre species as a source of indole compounds and zinc released into artificial digestive juices

88%
KAŁA K., SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA K., ROJOWSKI J., OPOKA W., MUSZYŃSKA B.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2016
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vol. 27
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issue 106
35-39
EN
The research goals of presented work consisted of determination of zinc and indole compounds that are released into artificial digestive juices from Tricholoma equestre species. During the experiment freeze-dried samples of wild growing fruiting bodies and mycelia from in vitro cultures from liquid Oddoux medium were extracted to artificial digestive juices (saliva, gastric juice and intestinal juice). In the next step the determination of examined compounds was done by RP-HPLC for indole compounds and DP ASV for zinc. Furthermore it was decided to check weather this species has any beneficial properties for health. The extraction of researched material in conditions imitating human digestive tract allows determination of true amounts of elements released to artificial digestive juices and their beneficial influence (a specially designed and constructed apparatus Gastroel-2014 was applied). The indole compound with the highest quantity was 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, both in fruiting bodies and in biomass from in vitro cultures of T. equestre (up to 352.47 mg/100 g d.w.). Serotonin and L-tryptophan was determined in all analysed samples, but their amounts were significantly lower than the ones found for 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. The amounts of zinc on the other hand showed that the biggest concentration of zinc can be obtained for fruiting bodies and biomass from in vitro cultures to both artificial saliva and gastric juice after 120 minutes of digestion (6.83 14.4 mg/100 g d.w. retrospectively) in conditions that imitate human digestive track.
6
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EDIBLE MUSHROOMS IN PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN DISEASES

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MUSZYNSKA B., SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA K., ŁOJEWSKI M., OPOKA W., ZAJĄC M., ROJOWSKI J.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2013
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vol. 25
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issue 101
170-183
EN
In recent years an increase in the consumption of edible mushrooms has been observed. In many countries mushrooms have been a popular delicacy, as they add flavor and texture to a meal. Mushrooms are able to accumulate both primary and secondary metabolites. Some of them may play an antioxidant role, e.g. phenolic and indole compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols, ascorbic acid, ergothioneine and carotenoids and are a source of elements, e.g. selenium. Indole compounds fulfill the role of neurotransmitters or their precursors, exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging actions, regulate the diurnal cycle in humans and take part in blood coagulation. Biologically and therapeutically active metabolites of fungi are used to treat such serious diseases as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. The intake of mushrooms clearly has a cholesterol-lowering effect or hypocholesterolemic effect by different mechanisms such as decreasing VLDL, improving lipid metabolism, inhibiting of activity of HMG-CoA reductase, and consequently preventing the development of atherosclerosis. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds occurring in mushrooms also may contribute to reduce the atherosclerosis risk.
7
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ZINC, THE TRACE ELEMENT ESSENTIAL IN LIVING ORGANISMS

76%
SOLÉ PASCUAL A., TYSZKA-CZOCHARA M., GDULA-ARGASIŃSKA J., LIBROWSKI T., GRZYWACZ A., OPOKA W.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2012
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vol. 25
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issue 99
55-59
EN
Zinc is a metallic element, of symbol Zn and atomic number 30, that is placed in the group 12 of the periodic table. As an essential trace element, zinc is required to support human biochemical processes. It is found in nearly 200 specific enzymes in the living organisms, and it also serves as structural cofactor for many cellular proteins. [1] Zinc may exert pleiotropic effects in organism; for that, deficits of cellular zinc content can have catastrophic consequences and are linked to major pathophysiology, such as diabetes, stroke and malformations of brain function [2]. The complexity and importance of zinc homeostasis is reflected by the large variety and number of zinc-related proteins found in almost every cell compartment; for example, this biometal is transported through ZnT (Zn2+ transporter) family and ZIP family, proteins that are completely dedicated to zinc transport [2]. It is also noticeable, that between three and ten percent of all protein products of genes in mammalian genomes bind zinc, which is essential for their folding, activity or conformational change [2].
8
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SOME NON-OPERATIVE WAYS OF LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION TREATMENT – CASE REPORT

76%
SOBOL J., TĘSIOROWSKI M., WILK-FRAŃCZUK M., JASIEWICZ B., PIECHOWICZ J., OPOKA W.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2013
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vol. 25
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issue 101
156- 162
EN
Discogenic back pain is an increasing problem in the modern world. Conservative treatment of discopathy is comparatively popular and may be an alternative to surgery. The authors describethe case of a 32 year old male with acute back pain, sciatica and numbness in the left lower leg. On the base of MRI imagesL4-L5 and L5-S1 two-level disc herniation was diagnosed. The patient did not decide on surgery, so complex conservative treatment was applied, including pharmacology and rehabilitation techniques. The symptoms resolved with permanent improvement in one year of follow up. Additionally, the patient was encouraged to apply “healthy habits” in physical activity. Conservative treatment in some cases of massive lumbar disc herniation may be successful.
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