During motor preparation, the attention is paid more and more frequently to the complex significance of fatigue in the case of the achieved sport outcome. The complexity of this process has not been utterly explained so far. It is important to acquire the profound knowledge about the central and peripheral fatigue while explaining this mechanism, because they remain in the background of the human body malfunction. It needs to be emphasized that both fatigue mechanisms should not be analyzed separately, because they are subordinated to one another. The changes mechanism in central nervous system (CNS) influenced by physical exertion leads to reticular formation impairment. This in turn results in a nalytic and decision making process malfunction. The proper functioning of these centers depends on appropriate neurotransmitters concentration. The short tryptophan to serotonin metabolic pathway plays a significant role in the central fatigue development. The concentration increase of this hormone leads to CNS malfunction, which causes the above mentioned changes. The purpose of this paper was to show, based on the current literature data, the predisposing mechanisms and factors in the development of fatigue.
Sprint cycling events require a high level of anaerobic capacity and, therefore, may affect peripheral fatigue throughout exercise-induced muscle damage. In fact, those alterations might decrease power generation. This study was performed on a 23 years old male elite track cyclist taking part in a sprint event. The measurements included power output (W) and cadence (rpm), lactate concentration (La-), heart rate (bpm), Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and viscoelastic properties analysis. The present study has shown a new approach to monitor the muscle properties of the lower extremity after 200 m flying start and repeated sprint races. Therefore, we hypothesized that repeated sprint races might lead to alterations in viscoelastic properties of lower extremity muscles. In track cycling, especially in sprint events, these variations may lead to increased muscle fatigue. Furthermore, training control and monitoring related to the assessment of muscles properties can be a source of counteracting injuries and relieving fatigue.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the threshold of muscle pain sensitivity at the posterior line of the futsal player’s lower extremity muscles under the influence of the stimulation of the foot arch with a nonelastic tape application. The study included 25 futsal players representing university club AZS AWF Wroclaw. During the experiment, a nonelastic tape was applied on the plantar foot surface, basing on the standards of low-Dye taping.The test program consisted of a 3-day cycle, during which the pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured: 1) before application of the tape, 2) 24 hours and 3) 72 hours after application. The PPT was measured using the Somedic Algometer type 2. Analysis of the results was performed using analysis of variance for repeated measures and post hoc Bonferroni’s test. Long-term stimulation of plantar surface significantly affects the increase in the PPT in the lower extremity posterior line muscles. In motor control trainings, especially in match-starter terms, new physiotherapeutic measures and therapeutic techniques should be used.
Small-sided soccer games, i.e. 1v1 are often used in training, which results in a composite influence on the player. Training exercises stimulated in the game allow to master many skills, form habits and modify behaviors associated with solving specific situations during a match. The aim of the study was to assess the intensity of exercise during a 1v1 game for goalkeepers. Eight goalkeepers participated in the experiment (body weight 80.63 ±3.50 kg, body height 184.69 ±3.71 cm, BMI 23.64 ±0.74). All goalkeepers played 1v1 games. During the small-sided game players can use all the goalkeeper techniques to score a goal. During all of the matches, heart rate (HR) was recorded using a sport tester, LA was measured in the second minute after the end of each game. There was also collected data determining subjective assessment of the effort made by the players using Borg scale (RPE). The highest average HR and RPE were recorded in the third match, respectively (192.38 ±8.07 b/min; 14.38 ±2.07), while in the first match the examined parameters were on average 186 ±8.85 b/min; 11.38 ±1.51, and in the second 186.00 ±8.09 b/min; 13.50 ±1.85 respectively. The highest LA level was recorded after the second match and equaled 7.71 ±2.07 mmol/l (7.06 ±3.54 after the first match and 7.5 ±1.37 after the third match). The 1v1 game requires the use of similar to the real game actions, as well as the average exercise intensity is also similar to the scoringopportunity situations and conditions of a match.
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