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Łowcy skarbów natury. Nagroda Nobla 2015 w zakresie fizjologii lub medycyny

100%
Doligalska M.
Kosmos
|
2016
|
vol. 65
|
issue 3
303-308
PL
W 2015 r. Nagrodę Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii i medycyny przyznano za opracowanie terapii przeciw chorobom tropikalnym, malarii i filariozom. Youyou Tu z Chin, specjalistka w dziedzinie farmakologii naturalnej, została nagrodzona za wskazanie artemizyniny w roślinie Artemisia annuata, jako leku hamującego namnażanie się zarodźca malarycznego w krwi człowieka. Satoshi Omura, mikrobiolog z Japonii i William Campbell amerykański biochemik i parazytolog, pochodzący z Irlandii, zostali nagrodzeni za zidentyfikowanie i wyizolowanie awermektyny ze szczepu bakterii Stretomyces avermicilis produkującego związek o silnej aktywności przeciwnicieniowej. Zastosowanie artemizyniny i iwermektyny ocaliło życie milionów dzieci w Afryce oraz zahamowało szerzenie się filarioz, groźnych chorób przyczyniających się do utraty wzroku i deformujących ciało ludzkie. W artykule omówiono historię odkrycia i mechanizm działania leków. Wprowadzenie globalnych programów leczenia w krajach tropikalnych przyczynia się do poprawy sytuacji ekonomicznej i społecznej na obszarach, na których choroby te dzięki lekom są coraz rzadziej notowane.
EN
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 was awarded to Youyou Tu "for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria", and William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites". Chinese pharmacologist - Tu, identified artemisinin isolated from Artemisia annuata for inhibition of malaria development in the blood of man. Omura, microbiologist from Japan and William C. Campbell, biochemist and parasitologist from USA discovered anti-nematode activity of awermectin, extracted from bacteria Streptomyces avermicilis. Administration of drugs against malaria and filariasis salvaged millions lives, and reduced transmission of pathogens responsible for the lost vision and disability in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The history of the discoveries and mechanisms of drugs action are presented. International programs for the health introduced at the global scale have improved economic and social conditions in countries where diseases due to the treatment develop less frequently.
2
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IN VIVO STIMULATION OF PERITONEAL CELLS BY CHITOSAN ADMINISTERED IN DRINKING WATER TO MICE

63%
Brodaczewska K., Doligalska M.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2012
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vol. 17
111 - 116
EN
The aim of the study was to determine immunostimulant properties of chitosan administered alimentary to BALB/c mice. We observed that chitosan feeding effected in activation of cells from the peritoneal cavity. The cells produced less nitric oxide with simultaneous enhanced activity of arginase and higher expression of receptor for IL-4. What is more, chitosan caused increased number of cells expressing MHC class II. The study confirms that chitosan can stimulate immune system what potentially makes it useful candidate for adjuvant.
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Konstanty Stanisław Janicki (1876-1932) - o bezgraniczności widnokręgów, na które się porywamy

63%
Welc-Falęciak R., Doligalska M.
Kosmos
|
2017
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vol. 66
|
issue 2
145-151
4
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DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF LOW AND HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHITOSAN ADMINISTERED INTRAPERITONEALLY TO MICE INFECTED WITH HELIGMOSOMOIDES POLYGYRUS

63%
Brodaczewska K., Doligalska M.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2013
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vol. 18
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issue 18
77-83
EN
Aim of the study was to compare the effect of different molecular weight chitosan on activity of peritoneal cells of mice during immunosupression caused by adult stages of Heligmosomoides polygyrus. We observed that intraperitoneal injections of chitosan induce cell infiltration, but the activity of recruited cells differed depending on the type of polysaccharide used. Low molecular weight chitosan activated cells with inflammatory characteristics, while high molecular weight polysaccharide reduced cell responsiveness to stimulation. Although IgA titers in the peritoneal fluid were elevated, chitosan treatments had no effect on the level of infection.
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