Regardless of reason, endothelial cells hypoxia is a primary source of their dysfunction. The result of hypoxia is a damage of endothelium structure, that leads to neurons damage. Parallel to the hypoxia, the protective mechanisms are activated in order to decrease effect of endothelium and neurons damage.
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a 21-amino acid polypeptide, produced mainly in endothelial cells is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor peptide known. Haemorrhagic hypotension is accompanied by the increase in plasma ET-1 concentration. The significance of this effect, however, is not clear. This paper reviews the causes of the rise in ET-1 plasma concentration and the role of ET-1 in cardiovascular regulation in haemorrhagic shock.
This paper discuss importance of the endothelin, present in the plasma and other fluids, on the vascular smooth muscles in physiology and pathology. Endothelin-1 as one of the very strong vasoconstructive peptides influences the vascular tone. We discuss the competitive action of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators in promoting of vasospasm, especially in the states, where endothelial cells are injured.
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