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Principal component analysis in interpretation of the results of HPLC-ELC, HPLC-DAD and essential elemental contents obtained for medicinal plant extracts

100%
Konieczynski P.
Open Chemistry
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 4
519-526
EN
Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to compare its usefulness with cluster analysis (CA), and factorial k-means analysis (fkm), for evaluating the results obtained using HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ELC and spectroscopic techniques (AAS and UV/VIS spectrometry for determining content of N, P, Fe and Cu) in aqueous extracts of seven medicinal plants. These represented the following plant species that are rich in flavonoids: Betula verrucosa Ehrh., Equisetum arvense L., Polygonum aviculare L., Viola tricolor L., Crataegus oxyacantha L., Sambucus nigra L. and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. The databases analyzed comprised four sets: 1) results obtained by the use of HPLC-DAD detection, 2) results obtained by the use of electrochemical detection (HPLC-ELC), 3) results for determining elements - total and water-extractable species, and 4) all data combined. Application of statistical methods allowed the samples to be classified into four groups: 1) Crataegus, Sambucus, 2) Equisetum, Polygonum and Viola, 3) Betula, and 4) Helichrysum, which were differentiated by characteristic patterns. PCA supported by CA, was the most suitable method, because it simultaneously allowed for reduction of multidimensionality of the databases, grouped the samples into four clusters, and made possible selection of the factors responsible for differentiation of the plant materials studied. [...]
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Relationships between flavonoids and selected elements in infusions of medicinal herbs

51%
Konieczynski P., Arceusz A., Wesolowski M.
Open Chemistry
|
2015
|
vol. 13
|
issue 1
EN
The aim of the studies was to establish relationships between flavonoids and elements important for human health. Therefore, total contents of flavonoids and phosphorus were determined by UV/Vis methods, flavonoids by HPLC, and Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu by FAAS in 68 infusions of medicinal herbs. Total flavonoids content in the aqueous extracts were in the range of 0.26 - 16.40 mg per 100 mL. The mean flavonoid contents (in mg per 100 mL of aqueous extract) were 2.24, 2.01, 1.83, 1.88 for rutin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol, respectively. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, P were determined in mg per 100 mL, and of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in μg per 100 mL. Total content of flavonoids was weakly correlated with quercetin (r = 0.41), kaempferol (r = 0.53), Cu (r = 0.43), and Ca (r = -0.30). Statistically significant correlations were also found among Cu, Ca, Mn, Zn and Fe. Cluster analysis grouped the studied herbs based on total flavonoids, also four flavonoids and essential elements contents, extracted from the whole population of herbs Sambuci flos, Betulae folium, and Sylibi mariani semen. Principal component analysis confirmed these findings and enabled identification of quercetin, kaempferol, Cu and Fe as the factors responsible for differentiation of the studied material.
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