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EN
The phenomenological description of the giant magnetoresistance effect as well as the discussion of the requirements which must be fulfilled in giant magnetoresistance thin film structures are given in the first part of our review. In the second part the magnetization reversal and giant magnetoresistance effect of antiferromagnetically coupled multilayers, spin valve and pseudo-spin valve thin film structures are explained. For these structures we also discuss the influence of the structure defects such as surface roughness and pinholes on the giant magnetoresistance effect.
EN
Bioremediation of soil contaminated with pesticides g-HCH (lindane), DDT and p,p'-DMDT (methoxychlor) has been studied in batch tests. The treatments included different combinations of the following amendments: carbon source, reducing agent, zero-valent iron, surfactant and anaerobic biomass (methanogenic granular sludge or fermented sewage sludge). The tests seeded with both types of anaerobic biomass showed high removal of all pesticides. DDT was transformed into DDD, but accumulation of this metabolite was considerably lower than that resulting from stoichiometric reaction. Addition of a surfactant together with anaerobic biomass further enhanced the effectiveness of the process.
EN
Detailed magnetization measurements were performed on amorphous Fe_{1-x}Zr_{x} alloys with 0.14 ≤ x ≤ 0.48 at temperatures ranging from 4.2 K to the Curie temperature in external magnetic field up to 5 T. An analysis of the experimental data reveals that' the fluctuations of the exchange integral resulting from the structural disorder give important contribution to the thermal demagnetization and high-field susceptibility of Fe-rich alloys. For Zr-rich alloys the effect of fluctuations of the exchange integral is negligible and thermal demagnetization is described in terms of spin-wave excitations. No Stoner single-particle excitations were observed for alloys with x > 0.14.
EN
We present a submicron magnetic field sensor with voltage-tunable magnetic field sensitivity. The device, based on magnetic tunnel junction, exhibits high tunnelling magnetoresistance ratio of up to 90%. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of thin ferromagnetic sensing layer in combination with an in-plane magnetized reference layer is used to obtain linear change in the sensor resistance in response to the in-plane magnetic field. The perpendicular anisotropy is further controlled by the bias voltage and, thus, the sensitivity of the sensor is changed. In addition, we evaluate the sensor selectivity for the magnetic field direction and present an influence of the temperature on the anisotropy.
EN
A prototype 64-channel detector module, comprising a silicon strip detector with strip pitch of 100μm and 64-channel ASIC RX64, was tested with the X-Pert Philips MPD diffractometer. Basic parameters of the detector module, energy resolution, and detection efficiency, were evaluated as a function of the counting rate. Energy resolution of 1.1 keV FWHM for photon rate up to 1×10^7 photon/s per 1 cm of the active width of the detector was demonstrated. The prototype detector, when applied in a diffractometer utilizing Bragg-Brentano focusing principle, allows to increase the counting rate by about 2 orders of magnitude with respect to a single counter. Exemplary diffraction patterns of polycrystalline samples of Si and SiO_2 (quartz peak cluster) are presented.
EN
Temperature measurements of magnetisation reversal, resistance and magnetoresistance of Co/Cu/Co/FeMn spin valve structures deposited in different conditions were performed. The influence of exchange anisotropy energy, interlayer coupling energy, and electron transport properties were taken into consideration in explaining differences in giant magnetoresistance effect of investigated samples.
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