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1

Genetic modification of fruit plants ? directions, successes and obstacles

100%
Korbin M.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 2
9-19
EN
Genetically engineered plant products are entering their twelfth year of significant presence on the world's marketplace. Most of them represent major agronomic crops and in spite of the genetic engineering potential for plant improvement, the technology has not been widely exploited in fruit plants. There are three reasons of this situation: economical relations (high cost of the study in comparison with low demand for the products), public opinion concerning 'safe food', and real scientific obstacles such as problems with successful plant transformation or post-transformal regeneration). Despite those facts, studies on transformation of fruit and ornamental species are conducted in many laboratories in the world, and their directions can be summarized as following: a) improvement of pest-resistance (fire blight and scab resistant apple; virus-resistant plum, papaya, citrus pest-resistant data palm, pineapple, almond, passifruit, olive), b) enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress with dehydrin protein genes and by over-expression of antioxidant enzyme (APX or SOD) genes; c) improvement of fruit quality (health-benefits compounds) based on genomics and proteomics. Due to consumers and growers concerns, considerable effort is put into developing a suite of strategies to eliminate non-acceptable genes (marker genes after plant selection by site-specific recombination, homologous, transposition, and original transgene from fruits by the use of GM-rootstocks and non-fruit-specific promoters) and to avoid uncontrolled gene transfer.
2

GMO, conventional and organic crops ? a problem of co-existence

100%
Korbin M.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 3
7-15
EN
In the last ten years, the global area of commercially grown, genetically modified (GM) crops has increased more than 50-times to over 90 mln hectares. GM plants are cultivated in twenty one countries (six European). Despite this high adoption rate and future promises, there is still a multitude of concerns about the impact of GM-crops on natural and agricultural environment. In this article, we present: a) current definition of crop co-existence, b) results of the studies on risk assessment and safe co-existence rules, as well as c) examples of wildernesses of public opinion.
3

ISSR evaluation of genetic stability of Polish tulip cultivars propagated in vitro

51%
Podwyszynska M., Kuras A., Korbin M.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
105-114
EN
The aim of the study was an early detection of somaclonal variation (SV) which could occur within the micropropagated plant material. Shoot cultures of the Polish cultivars were used. Five cultivars derived from breeder A and four from breeder B. They were propagated in vitro for one or two years. The molecular markers (inter-simple sequence repeat, ISSR) were utilized for analysis of putative DNA polymorphism between standard plants (propagated traditionally) belonging to tested cultivars and somaclonal variants derived from them. Within the nine studied genotypes, for five of them, the ISSR analysis performed with ten primers did not reveal polymorphism between standard and micropropagated plants. The analysis of the other four cultivars, all derived from breeder B, showed that some of the plants, micropropagated either for one or two years, differed slightly from standard. Basing on ISSR data, the UPGMA dendrogram showing genetic similarity of the analysed plants was generated and clusters grouping cultivars, their standards and micropropagated plants were noted.
4

Preparation of pBIN19-PGIP-based genetic construct for modification of strawberry genome to obtain genotypes resistant to grey mould

51%
Korbin M., Majka J., Gruchala A., Zurawicz E.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
22-28
EN
Polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (PGIP) cDNA was isolated using RT-PCR from fruit of apple 'Golden Delicious' which was previously wounded and inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. The sequence of the cDNA showed high level of homology with the published sequence of PGIP-cDNA from apple and pear (99,7 and 97,3%) and low similarity with the sequence of cDNA from tomato (51,5%). The obtained cDNA was cloned and used for the binary construct creation. The introduction of the pBIN19-PGIP construct into strawberry plant genome seems to be a promising strategy to obtain a genotype resistant to B. cinerea, causal agent of grey mould ? the most economically important fungal disease of this species.
5

Application of molecular markers in evaluation of selected apple genotypes for four apple scab resistance genes

51%
Korbin M., Keller-Przybylkowicz S., Zurawicz E.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 2
153-161
EN
Breeding for scab resistant apple cultivars by pyramiding several genes in the same genetic background is a promising way to control this severe disease caused by Venturia inaequalis. To achieve this goal, molecular potential of expected parental forms should be determined. Screening of 24 genotypes used in apple breeding program for the presence of regions, linked to the resistance to apple scab with DNA markers flanking regions of four major genes Vf, Vbj, Vr and Vm, was conducted in the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture. All investigated resistance (R) regions were identified in evaluated population and three clusters representing the group of the genotypes without or with single tested R-gene and two groups of the genotypes, being the parallel donors of 3-4 R-genes, were generated.
6

Evaluation of genetic variation of selected strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars using ISSR technique

51%
Kuras A., Korbin M., Zurawicz E.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
73-78
EN
Precise evaluation of the parental forms? genetic variation is the base of rational, modern breeding. DNA patterns obtained in ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) reactions for 24 strawberry cultivars, frequently used in the crossing programme at the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, were analysed. Diversifying genotypes, polymorphic DNA products were observed in reactions with 54 out of 90 tested primers (806-896, #9 UBC). Six primers (811-814, 824, 840) generating 44 polymorphic bands with length from 270 to 2030 bp allowed to diversify all investigated cultivars. The DNA profiles characterising each of genotypes contained 10-19 polymorphic ISSR products.
7

Analysis of plum (Prunus domestica L.) DNA polymorphism using RAPD - PCR technique

51%
Lisek A., Korbin M., Zurawicz E., Rozpara E.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
76-72
EN
Precise identification of plum cultivars is desired in breeding programme of the species as well as in orchard practise. The aim of the presented studies was the determination of 19 plum cultivars Prunus domestica L. diversity. RAPD-PCR technique with 77 primers (Operon Technologies) from kits OPB, OPG, OPT and OPU was used for the analysis. Fifty-five polymorphic fragments DNA (600-2700 bp) were obtained in reactions with 33 primers. The highest number of polymorphic fragments (3-5) was observed in reactions with primers OPB 07, OPB 18, OPG 09, OPG 10 and OPT 14. The reactions with OPB 07, OPB 18 and OPG 09 allowed to diversify 15 cultivars, except 'Wegierka Zwykla' and clones 'Promis', 'Tolar', 'Nectavit'.
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