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EN
The ternary 70P2O5-10Li2MoO4-20Li2O and 70P2O5-10Na2MoO4-20Na2O glasses, prepared by the press-melt quenching technique, were studied at temperatures between 298 and 418 K for their high dc electric field properties. For the above purpose, the effect of a strong electric field on the dc conduction of these amorphous bulk samples was investigated using the gap-type electrode configuration. At low electric fields, the current-voltage (I - V) characteristics have a linear shape, while at high electric fields (> 103 V/cm), bulk samples show nonlinear effects (nonohmic conduction). Current-voltage curves show increasing departure from Ohm’s law with increasing current density, leading to critical phenomena at a maximum voltage (threshold voltage), known as switching (switch from a low-conduction state to a higher-conduction state at threshold voltage). The Pool-Frenkel high-field effect was observed at electrical fields of about 103–104 V/cm; then the lowering factor of the potential barrier, the high frequency dielectric constant, and the refractive index of these glasses were determined.
EN
Electrical conductivity of nanofluids is one of the physical properties which are intensively investigated by researchers. This paper brings contributions in this research area. Electrical conductivity of nanofluids containing various mass concentration of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles suspended in ethylene glycol (EG) were investigated at various ambient temperatures. Temperature was changed from 20°C to 60°C with 10°C step. Measurements were performed with digital conductivity meter (MultiLine 3410, WTW GmBH, Weilheim, Germany) and it was observed that increase in mass concentration of SiO₂ nanoparticles cause increase in electrical conductivity. The same dependence was observed between temperature and electrical conductivity.
EN
Paper presents results of experimental studies of electrical conductivity of yttrium aluminum garnet-ethylene glycol (Y₃Al₅O₁₂-EG, YAG-EG) nanofluids, which were prepared by dispersing commercially available nanoparticles manufactured by Baikowski (Annecy, France, ID LOT: 18513) in ethylene glycol. The electrical conductivity was measured using conductivity meter MultiLine 3410 (WTW GmBH, Weilheim, Germany). In turn the temperature was stabilized in a water bath MLL 547 (AJL Electronic, Cracow, Poland). The electrical conductivity of YAG-EG nanofluids with various mass concentrations form 5% to 20% was investigated at different ambient temperatures. The experimental data indicate that changing volume fraction of YAG nanoparticles in ethylene glycol cause change of electrical conductivity of nanofluid. It was also presented that electrical conductivity depends on temperature of materials.
EN
The paper presents experimental investigation on electrical conductivity of thulium oxides-ethylene glycol (Tm₂O₃-EG) nanofluids based on nanoparticles with three different sizes, and prepared in different conditions. Nanofluids were prepared with two-step method with use of the nanoparticles obtained by precipitation method. Measurements were conducted at constant temperature 293.15 K for various mass concentrations from 0% to 20% with 5% step. The electrical conductivity was measured using conductivity meter MultiLine 3410 (WTW GmBH, Weilheim, Germany) and temperature was stabilized in a water bath MLL 547 (AJL Electronic, Cracow, Poland). The results indicate that increase in mass concentration of nanoparticles in base fluid causes increase in electrical conductivity of Tm₂O₃-EG nanofluids. The enhancement in electrical conductivity of nanosuspensions of thulium oxide is dependent on particle size.
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