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EN
Production of the bioceramics on the market is presently conducted from typical precipitation method by using reagent grade raw chemicals or through calcination of natural sources like animal bones (especially bovine bone) and fish bones. Usually fish bones were damped near or in the water sources, which can lead to serious environmental pollution. Those were regarded as a trash, even though they still bear economic value, including conjugates. In this study bones of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) were used as a bioceramic material source. Bones of Atlantic Salmon were collected from Besiktas Fish Market. Those were cleaned from possible flesh with reagent grade NaOH. Cleaned parts were washed with demineralized water very neatly. Dry fish bones were calcinated at 850°C for 4 hours. The obtained hydroxyapatite material was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. It was found that the bioceramic material consisted of hydroxyapatite and various related phases. Scanning electron microscopy studies have revealed nano-structured bioceramic particles. The aim of this study is to obtain nano-structured bioceramics from bones of Atlantic Salmon in an environmentally friendly and economic way.
EN
In the first part of this study hydroxyapatite was prepared synthetically through classical wet precipitation, using Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate) as calcium source and HgN₂O4P as phosphate source. In the second part of the study HA compounds were prepared with different ratios (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 wt.%) of antibacterial materials like copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and europium (Eu), using the same wet precipitation method. The prepared pure HA material was utilized as the control group for comparison with Cu/Ag/Eu/HA composites. Studies of X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis were performed. The aim of this study was to investigate Cu/Ag/Eu/HA composites and the effect of metals on HA biomaterials, used as scaffold materials in bone disease treatment.
EN
Nowadays hydroxyapatite is one of the most popular biomaterials, which is used in various medical and dental applications areas as graft material. Bovine bone is the biggest source for natural hydroxyapatite production, but its production can lead to very dangerous disease, like mad cow disease, without high degree calcination. Hydroxyapatite produced from marine sources is much safer and easier to produce than bovine hydroxyapatite. Here in this study natural hydroxyapatite and related phases were produced from a local source turbot (Psetta maxima). Beside the main bony internal structure, there are koshers (cycloid scale) on its skin. Koshers are bulky bumps, looking like flat, small and rounded structures. Internal bones and those bulky bumps were cleaned from flesh with chemicals and calcined at 850°C for 4 hours. After calcinations, especially those bulky bumps, were formed into mesoporous structures with very light bluish color. Those mesoporous structures can be used as natural mesoporous hydroxyapatite structures for bone grafting purposes. The internal bones have also formed hydroxyapatite. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction studies were performed. I this study it is found that the bones of turbot consist of hydroxyapatite and TCP related phases. The aim of this study is to produce natural hydroxyapatite structures from turbot scale with low carbon footprint, without harming the environment and without using complex chemicals.
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