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Evolution of perceived cohesion and efficacy over the season and their relation to success expectations in soccer teams

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Marcos F. M. L., Sánchez-Miguel P. A., Sánchez-Oliva D., Amado Alonso D., García-Calvo T.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2012
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vol. 34
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issue 1
129-138
EN
The main goal of the study is to examine the evolution of players' perception of cohesion and efficacy over the season and their relation with success expectations. The research sample comprised 146 male soccer players, aged between 15 and 19 years (M = 16.96, SD = .76). Diverse instruments were used to measure cohesion, perceived efficacy, and success expectations. The most noteworthy results show that players whose expectations do not match the team's final performance will experience a negative evolution of their levels of perceived cohesion and efficacy, whereas players whose expectations at the start of the season match the team's final performance in the classification will maintain their degree of perceived cohesion and efficacy. The main conclusion of the study is that coaches and sport psychologists should attempt to clarify the players' basic goals of the season to create expectations that match what is expected from the team.
2
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Analysis of Cohesion and Collective Efficacy Profiles for the Performance of Soccer Players

100%
Leo F. M., Sánchez-Miguel P. A., Sánchez-Oliva D., Amado D., García-Calvo T.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 39
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issue 1
221-229
EN
The principal aims of the study were to define different profiles of cohesion and perceived efficacy in soccer players and to measure their differences in performance. The subjects were 235 soccer players in the under-18 category who played in the National League in Spain and 15 coaches whose ages ranged from 29 to 45 years. Diverse instruments to assess cohesion, perceived efficacy, and expectations of success were used in the study. Moreover, we measured playing time and performance. The results of the study proved the existence of four cohesion and efficacy profiles that presented significant differences in expectations of success, playing time, and performance. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the distribution of players in the teams as a function of performance. The main conclusion of this study is that soccer players with higher cohesion and collective efficacy levels belonged to teams that completed the season at the top-level classification. In contrast, athletes with low cohesion and collective efficacy usually played in unsuccessful teams. Coaches and sports psychologists are encouraged to promote both social and task cohesion and collective efficacy to enhance team performance.
3
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The Importance of Parents’ Behavior in their Children’s Enjoyment and Amotivation in Sports

100%
Sánchez-Miguel P. A., Leo F. M., Sánchez-Oliva D., Amado D., García-Calvo T.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 36
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issue 1
169-177
EN
The main aim of the research was to examine the relationship between motivational orientations and parents’ behavior with regard to the players’ motivational orientation, motivational climate, enjoyment and amotivation. The sample comprised 723 athletes (M = 12.37, SD = 1.48) and 723 parents (M = 46.46, SD = 2.56). Players were male and female who belonged to federative basketball, handball, football and volleyball teams. Parents and athletes completed questionnaires that assessed motivational orientations, parents’ involvement in the practice as well as enjoyment and motivation in the sport. Results showed a positive relationship between parents’ support of the sport and players’ enjoyment and a negative relationship with players’ amotivation. Moreover, in players who perceived more pressure from their parents, there was a positive association with amotivation and a negative one with enjoyment. Lastly, it was emphasized that appropriate parental participation can promote an increase of players’ enjoyment of and motivation for sport
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