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Application of RNA interference for cereal crops biotechnology

100%
Nadolska-Orczyk A., Zalewski W., Gasparis S., Orczyk W.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 3
53-63
EN
RNAi technology is based on a natural process of RNA-directed gene regulation. The technique is widely used for gene functional analysis and to obtain plants with modified traits. The main advantage of this system, particularly when applied for polyploid species, is the possibility of simultaneous silencing of homologous, homoeologous or orthologous genes. The article discusses the results of relatively few papers where RNAi has been used for functional analysis of native genes of wheat and barley. The main part of the article presents the research on RNAi based gene silencing in cereals performed by our group. The experimental basis of our work was the elaboration of efficient Agrobacterium-based transformation and plant regeneration systems of different cereal species (wheat, barley, triticale and oat). Currently, the method is applied for modification of two types of traits in wheat, triticale and barley. The first one is a technological trait related to cereal grain hardness. It is genetically controlled by Pina and Pinb genes. We obtained over a hundred transgenic lines with various degrees of Pina and Pinb silencing. Currently, the lines are being analyzed for the amount of PINA and PINB proteins, composition of storage proteins, and the grain texture. The second set of traits depends on CKX genes encoding cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ? the part of the system specifically governing the cytokinin level in different organs and developmental stages. We obtained over forty barley transgenic lines with silenced HvCKX1. This modification was found to be tightly correlated with enhanced plant productivity measured as the higher grain number and higher mass of a thousand kernels. The T1 and T2 transgenic seedlings developed bigger root system.
2
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Evaluation of Acute Phase Proteins in Clinically Healthy Dairy Cows in Perinatal Period and During Lactation

76%
Dębski B., Nowicki T., Zalewski W., Ochota M., Mrowiec J., Twardoń J.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2016
|
issue 3
3
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The investigation of correlation among selected biochemical parameters and vital signs in dairy herd to design the bio-cybernetic dairy cow model

76%
Twardoń J., Zalewski W., Nowicki T., Dębski B., Dejneka G., Mrowiec J., Zalewski K.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2016
|
issue 4
4
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Local Structure of Mn in (La_{1-x}Ho_{x})_{2/3}Ca_{1/3}MnO_{3} Studied by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure

64%
Pietnoczka A., Pękała M., Bacewicz R., Drozd V., Fagnard J., Vanderbemden P., Antonowicz J., Zalewski W.
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2010
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vol. 117
|
issue 2
281-285
EN
Results of X-ray absorption fine structure measurements in manganites (La_{1-x}Ho_{x})_{2/3}Ca_{1/3}MnO_{3} with 0.15 < x < 0.50 are presented. When LaMnO_{3} is doped with a divalent element such as Ca^{2+}, substituting for La^{3+}, holes are induced in the filled Mn d orbitals. This leads to a strong ferromagnetic coupling between Mn sites. Ca ions in La_{1-x}Ca_{x}MnO_{3} introduce a distortion of the crystal lattice and mixed valence Mn ions (Mn^{3+} and Mn^{4+}). On the other hand, in manganites (La_{1-x}Ho_{x})_{2/3}Ca_{1/3}MnO_{3} the substitution of La for Ho causes a lattice distortion and induces a disorder, which reduces a magnetic interaction. The ferromagnetic transition temperature and conductivity decrease very quickly with increasing x. The magnetic and transport properties of compounds depend on the local atomic structure around Mn ions. The information on the bond lengths and Debye-Waller factor are obtained from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data analysis. The charge state of Mn is determined from the position of the absorption edge in X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) data. XAFS results are in good agreement with magnetic characteristics of the studied materials.
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