Laryngeal reinnervation is a dynamic method of treating bilateral vocal fold paralysis, which has been gaining more and more popularity for several years. Traditional surgical methods involve a permanent change in the anatomical structures of the larynx ensuring the restoration of its respiratory function, which further intensifies the disturbance of phonatory and defense functions of the lower respiratory tract. There is still no common protocol for the management of head and neck surgeons with a patient with bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. With this in mind, the current literature on laryngeal reinnervation techniques was reviewed.
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Reinerwacja krtani to dynamiczna metoda leczenia obustronnego porażenia fałdów głosowych, która od kilkunastu lat zdobywa coraz większą popularność. Tradycyjne metody chirurgiczne obejmują trwałą zmianę struktur anatomicznych krtani zapewniając przywrócenie jej funkcji oddechowej, co więcej nasilając zaburzenie funkcji fonacyjnej oraz obronnej dolnych dróg oddechowych. Wciąż brakuje wspólnego protokołu postępowania przyjętego przez chirurgów głowy i szyi z pacjentem z obustronnym uszkodzeniem nerwów krtaniowych wstecznych. Mając to na uwadze dokonano przeglądu obecnego stanu literatury na temat technik reinerwacji krtani.
Medialization thyroplasty (type I) is surgical procedure performed on the thyroid cartilage. The major indication for this surgery is significant glottis insufficiency due to unilateral vocal fold paresis. However the proce¬dure is also performed after vocal fold resections during cordectomy. The aim: The evaluation of voice results in patients after medialisation throplasty. Material and methods: In Otolaryngology Department of Medical University of Warsaw there were performed so far 8 thyroplasty procedures under local anaesthesia with implantation of medical silicon protesis. 6 patients had unilat¬eral vocal fold paresis and the rest two underwent in the past laser cordectomy due to T1a vocal carcinoma. Results: There were no complications during and post the surgery. The follow up examination in 1st , 3rd, 6th i 12th months postoperatively revealed for all patients significant improvement of glottal closure in laryngeal videostrobos¬copy. The voice quality improved both in perceptual evaluation (GRBAS scale) and acoustic analysis (F0, jitter, shim¬mer, NHR) in both patients groups. However the rate of improvement was much more significant in group with uni¬lateral vocal fold paresis. In all patients the maximum phonation time (MPT) increased. The self-evaluation of voice quality with Voice Handicap Index questionnaire confirmed also individual improvement. Conclusions: The speech rehabilitations is not successful in each patient with glottis insufficiency. The medialisation thyroplasty remains the standard procedure for permanent improvement of voice quality in those cases.
Wstęp: Tyreoplastyka typu I medializująca jest zabiegiem operacyjnym wykonywanym na chrząstce tarczowatej krtani. Głównym wskazaniem do tej operacji jest istotna niewydolność głośni z powodu porażenia fałdu głosowego. Może być również stosowana po operacjach usunięcia fałdu głosowego – chordektomii. Cel: Ocena wyników jakości głosu u chorych po zabiegach tyreoplastyki medializującej. Materiał i metody: W Klinice Otolaryngologii WUM wykonano dotychczas 8 zabiegów tyreoplastyki typu I z wszcze¬pieniem implantu silikonowego. Zabiegi przeprowadzono w znieczuleniu miejscowym. Sześć tyreoplastyk wykonano u chorych z jednostronnym porażeniem fałdu głosowego (JPFG), dwie – u chorych po zabiegach chordektomii laser¬owej z powodu raka fałdu głosowego T1a. Wyniki: U żadnego pacjenta nie odnotowano komplikacji około- i pooperacyjnych. Wideostroboskopowe badanie kontrolne przeprowadzone po 1, 3, 6 i 12 miesiącach wykazało poprawę zwarcia fonacyjnego u wszystkich pacjen¬tów. Jakość głosu – zarówno w ocenie percepcyjnej (skala GRBAS), jak również na podstawie analizy akustycznej (częstotliwość podstawowa – F0, jitter, shimmer, NHR) – uległy znacznej poprawie, szczególnie u chorych z JPFG. U wszystkich pacjentów stwierdzono wydłużenie maksymalnego czasu fonacji. Samoocena jakości głosu – na pod¬stawie kwestionariusza Voice Handicap Index – uległa znacznej poprawie. Wnioski: Wśród pacjentów z niewydolnością głośni nie wszyscy chorzy odnoszą korzyści z leczenia rehabilitacyjnego. Tyreo¬plastyka medializująca pozostaje standardową procedurą w trwałej poprawie jakości głosu w tej grupie chorych.
Cel: Celem pracy jest analiza epidemiologiczna i kliniczna zachorowań na nowotwory z tkanki limfoidalnej w regionie szyi powstała na podstawie materiałów z 15 lat obserwacji. Materiał: Analizie retrospektywnej poddano dane z badań podmiotowych i przedmiotowych, wyników badań obrazowych i histopatologicznych 97 chorych w wieku od 17 do 88 lat (średnia wieku 60,3 lata). Wyniki: Prawie wszystkie przypadki stanowiły nowotwory wywodzące się z limfopoezy – 95 chorych (98%). Najczęściej rozpoznawano chłoniaka z komórek B – 74 przypadków (76%), następnie chłoniaka Hodgkina – 19 przypadków (20%), tylko u dwóch pacjentów stwierdzono chłoniaka z komórek T (2%). Przeważały zachorowania wśród kobiet, współczynnik kobiet do mężczyzn dla całej grupy wyniósł 51: 46, natomiast przewagę zachorowań wśród mężczyzn odnotowano w grupie chorych z chłoniakiem Hodgkina (K:M=7:12). Na przestrzeni 15 lat obserwacji stwierdzono wzrost liczby zachorowań na nowotwory z tkanki limfoidalnej. Najczęstszą lokalizacją na szyi były węzły chłonne –71 przypadków (73,2%). Pozawęzłowe umiejscowienie (26,8% przypadków) obejmowało najczęściej ślinianki przyuszne i podżuchwowe, gdzie dominował chłoniak pozawęzłowy strefy brzeżnej MALT (14 przypadków). U 57% chorych wynik BAC był fałszywie ujemny, dodatni wynik uzyskano u 32% pacjentów. Wnioski: Nowotwory z tkanki limfoidalnej w regionie szyi są najczęściej chłoniakami nieziarniczymi z komórek B lub chłoniakami ziarniczymi. Niespecyficzne objawy kliniczne i niecharakterystyczne obrazy radiologiczne, a także niemiarodajne wyniki BAC, utrudniają skuteczne różnicowanie chłoniaków z przerzutami do węzłów chłonnych. Diagnostyka histopatologiczna usuniętego węzła pozostaje nadal standardem rozpoznawania chłoniaków.
Aim: Epidemiological and clinical analysis of lymphoid tissue neoplasms in the neck region over a 15-year period. Material: There was performed retrospective analysis of 97 patients, aged 17 to 88 years, mean age of 60.3 years. The analysis included data from subjective study, physical examination, image and histopathological studies Results: Almost all cases were lymphoid neoplasms - 95 patients (98%). B cell lymphoma was the most commonly diagnosed lymphoma – 74 cases (76%), followed by Hodgkin's lymphoma- 19 cases (20%). Only two patients had T-cell lymphoma (2%). There was observed prevalence among women, K: M ratio for the whole group was 51: 46, while male predominance was reported in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients (K: M = 7: 12). Over the 15-year period, there was an increase in the number of lymphoid tumors. The most common location on the neck were lymph nodes - 71 (73.2%). Extranodal localizations (26.8%) were most often associated with salivary glands: parotid and submandibular involvement and with the dominant lymphoma of the marginal zone MALT (14 cases). In 57% of patients the fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) results were false, with positive results only in 32% of patients. Conclusions: Tumors from lymphoid tissue in the neck region are most commonly B-cell lymphomas or Hodgkin,s lymphomas. Non-specific clinical signs and non-specific radiological images, as well as non-diagnostic results o FNAB, make it difficult to effectively differentiate lymphomas with cancer metastasis in neck lymph nodes. Histopathology results of the excised lymph nodes remains a standard for lymphoma diagnosis.
Objectives: The aim of the study was the analysis of the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer over 10 years in relation to known risk factors and to assess the current survival rates in this group of patients. Methods: The data were retrospectively collected from patients’ medical records, then entered in the database using dedicated software and a statistical analysis was performed. Results: 512 subjects - 443 men (86.5%) and 69 women (13.5%) were enrolled into the study. The male-to-female ratio was 6.4:1. There were 97.1% smoking women and 98% smoking men, however the history of more than 20 cigarettes per day smoking admitted 81.1 % of women and 94.6% of men. Heavy alcohol consumption was the case in 14 (20.3%) women and in 307 (69.3%) men. For both the size of heavy alcohol consumption and the size of excessive tobacco use, there was found statistically significant difference between women and men with laryngeal cancer (p<0.05). In the majority of male and female subjects, the tumour was located in the supraglottis/glottis area. Apparently this tumour location was much more common among women, accounting for 60.9% of cases , while in men was confirmed in 39.3% of cases. The stages of the laryngeal cancer were similarly of high advancement for both the men and women - stages III and IV were confirmed in 82.6% of women and in 77.6% of men. The over 5-year survival rate was 39.1% among women and 37.2% among men. Conclusions Contradictory to decreased exposure to risk factors and the shorter period for diagnosis, the higher stages of cancer were observed in women. Although in women the advancement was higher and the majority of cases were located in unfavourable supraglottic area, the survival rates were higher. Key words: laryngeal cancer, epidemiology, men and women, risk factors
Transfacial surgery with the use of microscopic end endoscopic techniques has been used for resection malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses and anterior skuli base. After tumor resection the dura mater injuries should be carefully closed to avoid the most common postoperative complications (encephalocele, meningocele, meningitis, intracranial abscess and pneumo-encephalus). Authors analyzed cases of tumors of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with extension to anterior scull base treated in ENT Department of Medical University of Warsaw. In case of smali injuries to 10 mm in diameter the reconstruction was usually performed with multi-layer technique. In cases of bigger defects the dural piane was rebuild with fascia lata flap by suturing it to the dura mater. Authors conclude that malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses and anterior skul) base can be resected entirely, together with dura mater by the extracranial approach through a lateral rhinotomy incision.
Introduction: Parapharyngeal space (PPS) is the anatomical area lateral to the upper pharynx and clinically important due to PPS tumors. They account for less than 1% of head and neck neoplasms. Both benign and malignant neoplasms may arise there and typical for this localization is diversity of histological origin. Complete surgical excision is still the basis of treatment. Aim of the study: Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of PPS tumors in the Department of Otolaryngology at the Medical University over the period 2015–2017. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records including complaints, physical examination, results of imaging studies, surgical approach, postoperative complication and histopathological results in 22 patients with a diagnosis of a PPS tumors. Results: The most frequent complaints reported by the patients were: discomfort in the throat, dysphagia, hearing disorders and a palpable tumor on the neck. Asymptomatic course of the disease was demonstrated in 4 cases. All patients were treated surgically: 2 with transoral approach, 9 with transparotid-transcervical approach, 11 with transcervical approach. In most cases the tumor was removed radically. In 2 patients intracapsular tumor resection was performed. Based on histopathological examination the benign lesions dominated (18/22). In 4 cases malignant neoplasms were diagnosed: carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and two cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The most common origin of PPS tumors was deep lobe of parotid gland and for this group 11 patients had diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. Other diagnosis included: paraganglioma, neurofibroma, hemangioma, lymphangioma and rhabdomyoma. Postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients and presented as hoarseness and dysphagia due to paresis of the lower group of cranial nerves (IX, X, XII). Significant intraoperative bleeding during surgery occurred in 2 cases and ligation of the external carotid artery was necessary. Conclusion: Due to the anatomical topography of PPS and its content with the essential vessels and the lower group of cranial nerves, the surgical treatment of pathology of this area is still a challenge for head and neck surgeons. The decrease of voice quality and impaired speech and swallowing should always be considered as complications post the surgical resection in PPS.
Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of larngovideostroboscopy (LVS) in the diagnosis of precancerous and malignant lesions of the vocal folds. Material and methods: In 175 patients (128 men and 47 women), aged 19-88 years, mean age 61.5, who were admitted to the clinic with diagnosed premalignant conditions of vocal fold mucosa (leukoplakia, chronic hypertrophic inflammatory lesions) and thickening or tumor on the vocal fold, there was performed LVS before the laryngeal microsurgery. The LVS study included: localization of the leasion, movement of the vocal folds, mucosal wave, shape of glottis clousure, amplitude and symmetry of vocal fold vibration. In the evaluation, a point scale was applied for the individual functional parameters. The scale ranged from 0 to 14. Patients with impaired vocal fold motion or absent mucosal wave were positive on LVS for malignant lesions. Those with limitted mucosal wave were positive on LVS for dysplastic lesions. The results were compared with the final histopathological examination and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value were calculated. Results: On the basis of histopathological examination, benign lesions (normal or inflammatory mucosa) accounted for 20% of diagnoses, hypertrophy and parakeratosis for 28%, low and middle grade dysplasia accounted for 10% and malignant lesions (high-grade dysplasia, pre-invasive cancer, Invasive cancer) was diagnosed in 42% of patients. The overall mean score for LVS was 4.5 and 8.0, respectively for benign and malignant lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of LVS in detecting malignant lesions were respectively - 95.6%, 23.8%, 61.1%, 57.6% and 83.3% and in detecting both premalignant and malignant lesions were respectively – 90.7%, 31.4%, 78.9%, 84.1% and 45.8%. Conclusions: Because of the high sensitivity of LVS in detecting precancerous and malignant lesions, this method is a very good tool for screening of pathology within the larynx.
Cel: Ocena czułości i swoistości wideolaryngostroboskopii (VLS) w diagnostyce różnicowej zmian przednowotworowych i złośliwych błony śluzowej krtani. Materiał i metody: U 175 pacjentów (128 mężczyzn i 47 kobiet), w wieku od 19-88 lat, średnia wieku 61.5, którzy zostali przyjęci do Kliniki z rozpoznaniem zmian przednowotworowych błony śluzowej krtani (leukoplakia, przewlekłe przerostowe zmiany zapalne) oraz pogrubieniem lub obecnością guza fałdu głosowego wykonano badanie VLS przed planowanym zabiegiem mikrochirurgii krtani. Badanie VLS uwzględniało ocenę: lokalizacji zmiany, ruchomości fałdów głosowych, przesunięcia brzeżnego, zwarcia fonacyjnego, amplitudy i symetrii wibracji. W ocenie zastosowano skalę punktową dla poszczególnych parametrów funkcjonalnych. Zakres skali wynosił od 0 do 14. Zmianę głośni kwalifikowano jako złośliwą, gdy w VLS upośledzała ruchomość fałdu głosowego i/lub powodowała brak przesunięcia brzeżnego. Ograniczone przesunięcie brzeżne w VLS kwalifikowało zmianę jako dysplastyczną. Wyniki porównano z ostatecznym badaniem histopatologicznym i wyliczono czułość, swoistość, dokładność, pozytywną (PPV) i negatywną (NPV) wartość predykcyjną metody. Wyniki: Na podstawie badania histopatologicznego zmiany łagodne (prawidłowa lub zapalnie zmieniona błona śluzowa) stanowiły 20% rozpoznań, zmiany przerostowe hiper – i parakeratoza 28%, dysplazja małego i średniego stopnia stanowiły 10 %, a zmiany złośliwe (dysplazja dużego stopnia, rak przedinwazyjny, rak inwazyjny) rozpoznano u 42% chorych. Sumaryczny średni wynik oceny VLS wyniósł 4.5 oraz 8.0, odpowiednio dla zmian łagodnych i złośliwych. Czułość, swoistość, dokładność, PPV i NPV badania VLS w wykrywaniu zmian złośliwych wyniosły odpowiednio 95.6%, 23.8%, 61.1%, 57.6% and 83.3% .Natomiast w wykrywaniu zarówno zmian dysplastycznych, jak i złośliwych wyniosły odpowiednio 90.7%, 31.4%, 78.9%, 84.1% and 45.8%. Wnioski: Ze względu na dużą czułość VLS w wykrywaniu zmian przednowotworowych i złośliwych metoda ta stanowi bardzo dobre narzędzie do diagnostyki przesiewowej zmian patologicznych w krtani.
Paragangliomas are rare neoplasms of neurological origin and account for 0.012% of all tumors. Only 10% of them have extraadrenal localization. Head and neck paragangliomas account for 0.33% neoplasms of that localization. Typically paragangliomas are benign tumors, but even 19% cases may have malignant potential. On the neck they are located typically closely to carotid artery bifurcation, jugular bulb and along the course of vagus nerve. Laryngeal localization is very rare. Nonspecifi c manifestation and wide spectrum of symptoms cause diffi culty in diagnosis of paragangliomas. Aim: Presentation of the diagnostic process, performed treatment and obtained results of neck paragangliomas in the material of the Department of Otolaryngology of Warsaw Medical University in years 2001-2010. Material and methods: There was performed retrospective analysis, based on the medical documentation of 14 patients with neck paragangliomas (9 women and 5 men), age range 25-62 years, hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology of Warsaw Medical University during the last 10 years. The date from the history, physical examination, radiological evaluation and the method of performed treatment and post – treatment complications were studied. Results: Out of 14 patients with neck paragangliomas, there were 9 cases of isolated tumors and 5 cases of synchronic, multicentric neoplasms. The most common and single symptom was nonspecifi c neck mass. Doppler ultrasonography was adequate diagnostic tool in carotid artery paragangliomas. To diagnose mulicentric paraganglioma, vagal or laryngeal paraganglioma more thorough radiological examination was necessary, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance and angiography. All patients had performed surgical treatment. There were observed very good results in patients with isolated paragangiomas of carotid artery or larynx. Surgical management of multicentric and vagal paragangliomas was exposed to higher risk of cranial nerve paresis. Conclusions: 1. Paragangliomas are rare tumors of nonspecifi c clinical manifestation, making the early diagnosis very diffi cult. 2. Precise radiological evaluation is necessary taking into consideration quite high incidence of multicentric paragangliomas. 3. There is higher risk of cranial nerve paresis after surgical treatment of multicentric paragangliomas, neoplasms larger then 5 centimeters in diameter and vagal paragangliomas then in isolated carotid artery paragangliomas.
Introduction: Microvascular free tissue transfer enables the reconstruction of complex head and neck defects. The aim of the study was to assess the results of treatment of patients undergoing reconstructive surgery and to identify factors affecting these results, with particular reference to patient’s age. Materials and Methods: All patients who underwent free-flap head and neck reconstruction in our institution between 2010 and 2017 were included in this retrospective study. A series of 66 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 2 age groups: group G1 aged <65 years (n = 41) and group G2 aged ≥65 years (n = 25). Minor local complications and general complications as well as comorbidities were analyzed. Results: No correlation was found between advanced age and the risk of free flap failure as well as the incidence of local minor complications. General complications were more frequent in the G2 group (32%) than in the G1 group (19.5%), although this is not a statistically significant difference. A statistically significant difference was found between the age and the patient’s health status according to ASA (P = 0.010). In the younger low-risk group, 12 patients (29.3%) had general and local complications, while in the older low-risk group only 1 (4%). General and local complications were found in 5 (12.2%) high-risk G1 patients and in 7 (28%) high-risk G2 patients. Conclusion(s): Patients with advanced head and neck malignant tumors should undergo reconstructive microsurgery regardless of age.
Aim: We assessed long-term outcomes of vocal fold augmentation with calcium hydroxylapatyte performed under local anesthesia. Material and methods: We enrolled 17 patients with glottic insuf ficiency due to unilateral laryngeal paralysis or insuf ficiency of internal laryngeal muscles (10 women, 17 men; mean age, 57.6±17.7 years; median age, 61 years; age range, 32-83 years). All patients underwent laryngeal augmentation under local anesthesia, through the oral cavity, with calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) injected laterally to the vocal folds, unilaterally or bilaterally. We assessed voice quality before laryngeal augmentation and at 3 and 12 months. To that end, we performed videolaryngostroboscopy, perceptual assessment of voice, acoustic analyses, and aerodynamic assessments; moreover, participants completed the Voice-Related Quality of Life (VRQoL) questionnaire. Results: Af ter 3 months, we observed a statistically significant improvement on the perceptual assessment of voice with regard to the G and A parameters, and good outcomes were also observed at 12 months. On the acoustic analyses, MDVP_Jitt, MDVP_Shim, and MDVP_NHR improved to 2.5, 5, and 0.1, respectively, at 3 months, and to 1.9, 3.6, and 0.1, respectively, at 12 months. MPTa was prolonged to 12.2s and 11.9s at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Voice intensity improved from 67dB(A) before augmentation to 68dB(A) and 71dB(A) at 3 and 12 months, respectively. VRQoL scores improved to 19.5 and 20 at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Discussion: Laryngeal augmentation with calcium hydroxylapatite performed under local anesthesia is associated with good long-term outcomes.
Wstęp: Cel badania stanowi ocena efektów długoterminowych augmentacji krtani w znieczuleniu miejscowym przy pomocy hydroksyapatytu wapnia. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięło udział 17 pacjentów, którzy z powodu niewydolności szpary głośni (z powodu jednostronnego porażenia krtani oraz niewydolności mięśni wewnętrznych krtani) zostali zakwalifikowani do przeprowadzenia augmentacji krtani (10 kobiet i 17 mężczyzn), w wieku: 57,6±17,7 lat, mediana 61 lat, z zakresem: 32-83 lata. U wszystkich pacjentów wykonano augmentację krtani w znieczuleniu miejscowym, przez jamę ustną, podając bocznie od fałdu głosowego/ fałdów głosowych hydroksyapatyt wapnia (preparat Radiesse). W celu oceny efektów długoterminowych augmentacji krtani – przeprowadzano ocenę jakości głosu pacjenta przed augmentacją, a następnie 3 i 12 miesięcy po augmentacji krtani, przy pomocy oceny videolaryngostroboskopowej krtani, oceny odsłuchowej, analizy akustycznej, oceny aerodynamicznej oraz samooceny głosu dokonanej przez pacjenta przy pomocy kwestionariusza VRQoL. Wyniki: Uzyskano istotną statystycznie poprawę w ocenie odsłuchowej głosu dla parametrów G i A, po 3 miesiącach, dobre wyniki utrzymywały się w czasie 12-miesięcznej obserwacji. W ocenie akustycznej MDVP_Jitt, MDVP_Shim i MDVP_NHR poprawiły się odpowiednio do wartości: 2,5; 5 oraz 0,1 (3 miesiące po augmentacji) i 1,9; 3,6 oraz 0,1 (12 miesiące po augmentacji). MPTa wydłużył się do 12,2 i 11,9 s., odpowiednio po 3 i 12 miesiącach od augmentacji. Natężenie głosu poprawiło się z 67 do 68 oraz 71 dB(A), odpowiednio po 3 i 12 miesiącach. Wyniki: VRQoL poprawiły się do wartości 19,5 i 20, odpowiednio 3 i 12 miesięcy po augmentacji. Dyskusja Augmentacja krtani w znieczuleniu miejscowym przy pomocy hydroksyapatytu wapnia daje długotrwałe, dobre efekty leczenia.
Objectives: Treatment of patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland is a challenge for a surgeon due to frequent problems with complete resection of all tumour foci while preserving continuity and function of the facial nerve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation and treatment results of patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 35 patients (25 women and 10 men) operated on (44 operations) for recurrent pleomorphic adenoma between the years 1988 and 2008 at the Otolaryngology Department, Medical University of Warsaw, were reviewed. These patients accounted for 8.9% of all patients treated for pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland (N=395). A retrospective analysis was performed to examine clinical features, surgical technique and facial nerve management. Results: All patients had palpable, nontender mass or masses in a parotid bed after 1 to 5 previous operations. Multifocal recurrences were present in 79.5% of cases. Median interval between initial treatment and commencement of recurrences was 6.1 (0.25-29) years. Patients with more than one recurrence were younger than patients who had only one. Malignant transformation of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma was observed in two patients (5.7%). Postoperative facial nerve paresis occurred in 15 cases. In two additional cases eradication of recurrent tumour required the facial nerve resection and reconstruction. Conclusions: Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma occurs more often in younger patients and women. The risk of the facial nerve injury increases with each successive operation. Surgical treatment should be individualized, taking into consideration the extent of the previous surgery and the type of recurrence.
Introduction: Inverted papilloma is benign epidermal neoplasm of not recognized etiology. The lesion is estimated to represent 0.5-4% of sinonasal tumors. Generally inverted papilloma is unilateral, arises from the lateral nasal wall and characterizes with local destruction and rapid growth. The tumor can possibly undergo malignant transformation. The treatment of choice is surgery, recently endoscopic approach is considered to be superior to the open approach. The aim of study: was evaluation of recurrent inverted papilloma treatment results in the experience of Otolaryngology Department, Medical University of Warsaw, from 1982 to 2009. Material: The group of 124 patient (66 men and 58 women) aged from 26 to 79 with inverted papilloma operated between 1982 and 2009 were enrolled in the study. Follow up was from 6 months to 27 years. Results: Most common primary localization of the tumor was combined lateral nasal wall and maxillary sinus (42%). In 37% the lesion involved unilaterally the lateral nasal wall, maxillary sinus and ethmoid sinuses, rarely it was localized only in the lateral nasal wall (16.1%) and exclusively in the nasal septum (4.8%). All the patients were treated surgically, 46% of patients underwent endoscopic procedure, 37.1% lateral rhinotomy, 15% Denker rhinotomy and 1.6% midfacial degloving. Recurrence was observed in 15.3% including 57.9% after endoscopic surgery, 26% after Denker operation and 15.8% after lateral rhinotomy. Malignant transformation was observed in 5 patient (4%). All the patients with recurrent inverted papilloma were treated surgically, 5.3% of patient underwent midfacial degloving, 5.3% Caldwell- Luc operation, 10.5% endoscopic procedure, 26.3% Denker operation and 52.6% lateral rhinotomy. Conclusions: 1. Endonasal and open approach should be considered in the surgical treatment of recurrent inverted papilloma. 2. Endoscopic approach is preferred in the recent years but qualification for each method should depend on lesion localization, extent and volume. 3. Regular follow-up enables early recurrence diagnosis and treatment.
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