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Posterior Retroperitoneoscopic Adrenalectomy - Clnical Evaluation of the Method Based on the Four-Year Experience

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Barczyński M., Konturek A., Cichoń S., Gołkowski F., Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2008
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vol. 80
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issue 9
446-454
EN
The aim of the study was to present the authors' four-year experience in employing posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy according to Walz (PRA) in surgical treatment of adrenal tumors up to 6 cm in size.Material and methods. A prospective analysis included 83 procedures of unilateral PRA (40 rightsided and 43 left-sided adrenalectomies) performed in patients (the M:F ratio = 22:61; mean age 58.1±10.3 years; mean tumor size 41±14 mm) operated on in the Department in the period from January 2004 to December 2007. Indications for surgery included: glucocorticoid adenomas (10), aldosteronomas (18), pheochromocytomas (16) and hormonally inactive adrenal cortex tumors (39). The operators used the PRA surgical technique according to Walz. The learning curve was evaluated taking into consideration the operative time, percentage of conversions and complications. The statistical analysis assessed the correlation between the operative time and body mass index (BMI), location and size of the tumor and its hormonal activity. The results of surgical treatment employed in patients with hormonally active tumors were evaluated in a 6-month follow-up.Results. The mean operative time was 73.7±22.3 min. A single conversion (1.2%) was required, as well as a single early reoperation (1.2%) due to bleeding. Following the initial 20 operations with the mean operative time of 86.5±34.6 min, the mean operative time of the remaining 63 procedures was 69.7±14.9 min (p=0.046) and did not exceed 90 min in any case. No correlation was noted between the operative time and BMI, tumor location and size. The procedures performed in patients with pheochromocytomas were not significantly longer in comparison to operations in hormonally inactive adrenocortical adenomas. Normalization of arterial blood pressure was achieved in all the patients with pheochromocytomas, aldosteronomas and subclinical glucocorticoidism aged below 50 years and with less than one-year history of secondary hypertension.Conclusions. Despite its seeming complexity resulting from operating in an "upside down" surgical field, the PRA surgical technique is easy to master and safe, also during the learning period. After the surgeon has performed approximately 20 operations, the operative time does not exceed 90 min. PRA is worthy of recommending in the case of adrenal tumors qualified for surgical treatment and not exceeding 6 cm in size.
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Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Approach to Adrenal Gland Malignancies

86%
Rembiasz K., Budzyński A., Kulawik J., Matłok M., Migaczewski M., Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A., Gołkowski F.
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issue 12
609-618
EN
Even though there is not enough good data, the use of laparoscopic approach in malignant disease is regarded by some controversial issue. On the other hand it seems that transperitoneal access to the adrenal gland allows for effective and safe oncological removal of adrenal gland neoplasms.The aim of the study was to present our experience with the use of transperitoneal approach in patients with adrenal gland malignancies.Material and methods. From March 2003 till May 2009 we performed 200 laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomies. There were 82 hormonally silent tumors (1.5-14 cm in diameter) and 118 hormonally active (63 pheochromocytomas, 26 Conn's syndrome, 25 Cushing's syndrome and 4 virylizing tumors).Results. 197 procedures were completed laparoscopically and 3 were converted (including one for inability to assess resectablility of the tumor). 14 tumors (7%) were overtly malignant; 7 arising form the adrenal (adrenal cortex - 3, pheochromocytoma - 3, lymphoma - 1) and 7 metastatic (squamous cell cancer of the lungs - 2, clear cell carcinoma of the kidney - 2, collecting duct carcinoma of the kindey - 1, hepatocellular cancer - 1, NET lung tumor - 1). Further 19 tumors (9.5%) were assessed histologically as potentially malignant (pheochromocytomas - 16, tumors of neural origin - 2, oncocytomas - 1). One malignant tumor was unresectable other were operated radically. Progression of the cancer was observed in 3 patients with metastatic tumors.Conclusions. Laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy allows for safe and radical removal of adrenal gland malignancies. Longer follow-up and larger patients volume are needed for better evaluation of long-term results.
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Bilateral Neck Exploration with Intraoperative iPTH Assay in the ERA of Minimaly Invasive Parathyroidectomy

86%
Barczyński M., Konturek A., Stopa M., Gołkowski F., Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A., Cichoń S., Nowak W.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2010
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vol. 82
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issue 1
29-37
EN
At present, the majority of patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) qualify to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP). Nevertheless, in some patients, especially those with multiglandular parathyroid disease, achieving normocalcemia necessitates bilateral neck exploration (BNE).The aim of the study was evaluation of current indications for BNE and results obtained employing this method in an endocrine surgery referral center.Material and methods. A prospective analysis included 385 patients with pHPT qualified to parathyroidectomy (300 to MIP and 85 to BNE procedures) in the period between 12/2002 and 05/2008. Prior to the procedure, all the patients underwent preoperative imaging diagnostic studies (scintiscans of the parathyroids and ultrasound of the neck). Intraoperative parathormone assay was carried out in the course of all the operations. Indications for BNE and therapeutic results were evaluated.Results. The most common indication for BNE was lack of preoperative location of a parathyroid adenoma in imaging studies aiming either at lateralization or regionalization (49.4%), followed by concomitant thyroid pathology that required surgical treatment (23.5%), MEN 1 syndrome (12.9%), long-term lithium therapy (5.9%), refusal of the patient to grant informed consent to a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (5.9%) and MEN 2A syndrome (2.4%). In the discussed group, 31 subtotal parathyroidectomies were performed, along with ten resections of two parathyroid adenomas and 44 resections of single parathyroid adenomas. Intraoperative iPTH assay affected the extent of parathyroid tissues resection in eight (9.4%) cases. One case of persistent and one case of recurrent hyperparathyroidism were noted in the follow-up of mean 37.4 ± 19.4 months postoperatively.Conclusions. In an endocrine surgery referral center, BNE is a procedure of choice in patients suspected of multiglandular parathyroid disease (MEN 1 and 2A, familial pHPT, long-term lithium therapy), in cases when a pathological parathyroid has not been located preoperatively and in patients which refuse their consent to MIP. Supplementing BNE with intraoperative iPTH assay allows for maintaining the highest quality of surgical treatment.
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