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EN
The use of animals as a source of organs and tissues for xenotransplantation can overcome the growing shortage of human organ donors. However, xenoreactive antibodies present in humans directed against swine Gal antigen on the surface of xenograft donor cells leads to the complement activation and immediate xenograft rejection as a consequence of hyperacute immunological reaction. The graft of genetically modified organ of a swine would be tolerated with simultaneous administration of medicines decreasing other less severe immunological reactions. This review summarizes the clinical history and rationale for xenotransplantation, recent progress in understanding the physiologic, immunologic, and infectious obstacles to xenotransplantation and some of the strategies being pursued to overcome these dificulties.
EN
The gene construct WAP(6xHisThr):hGH containing the entire human growth hormone gene (hGH) under the rat whey acidic protein (WAP) promoter regulating the expression in mammary glands of mammals was prepared. The 5? end of the gene was modified by the addition of a sequence encoding six histidine residues and a sequence recognized by thrombin. The gene construct was introduced by microinjection into the male pronucleus of a fertilized oocyte. The founder male rabbit was obtained with the transgene mapping to chromosome 7. The presence of the growth hormone was confirmed in samples of milk collected during the lactation of F1 generation females. The growth hormone can be easily purified by affinity chromatography and cleavage by thrombin to an active form.
EN
The genetic construct WAP 6xHisHGH containing the gene encoding human growth hormone (hGH) and WAP promoter expressed in mammary gland of animals was prepared. The 5? end of the gene was modified by the addition of sequence encoding six histidine residues and the sequence recognized by thrombin. In this way, the growth hormone can be easily purified by affinity chromatography and cleaved with thrombin to an active form. In the next step, the genetic construct was introduced by microinjection into male pronuclei of fertilized oocytes. Transgene was detected in male rabbit of F0 generation (number 61). Twelve offspring of founder rabbit of generation F1 indicated transgene sequences. The presence of growth hormone was revealed in the samples of milk accumulated during the lactation of females of F1 generation. The genetic constructs containing chain 1 and chain 2 of Feld1, and the major allergen produced by cat (Fedlis domesticus) were prepared. Both genes were inactivated by introduction into the sequences a positive selectable marker aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (resistant to neomycin). Outside the region of homology to Feld1 chain 1 and chain 2 genes, the negative selectable marker ? thymidine kinase gene was introduced. The genetic constructs pNTKFd1 and pNTKFd2 can be used in further experiments involving the inactivation of Feld1 genes in cat cells. Both genes were modified by site-directed mutagenesis using megastarter with Stop codon for premature termination of translation. The presence of mutation was confirmed by sequencing. The genetic constructs with human hGH gene and cat Feld1 gene were introduced into the bovine and cat fetal fibroblasts respectively in co-transfection with plasmid pGT-N29 containing positive selectable marker by lipofection, precipitation and electroinjection methods. After the selection, surviving cells were subjected to further molecular analysis. The stabile incorporation of the genetic constructs WAP 6xHisHGH and WAPHGH into the genome were observed.
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