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The genetic code - 40 years on

100%
Szymański M., Barciszewski J.
|
2007
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vol. 54
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issue 1
51-54
EN
The genetic code discovered 40 years ago, consists of 64 triplets (codons) of nucleotides. The genetic code is almost universal. The same codons are assigned to the same amino acids and to the same START and STOP signals in the vast majority of genes in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino acids used in the synthesis of proteins. That produces some redundancy in the code and most of the amino acids being encoded by more than one codon. The two cases have been found where selenocysteine or pyrrolysine, that are not one of the standard 20 is inserted by a tRNA into the growing polypeptide.
2
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Structure and functions of 5S rRNA.

81%
Barciszewska M. Z., Szymański M., Erdmann V. A., Barciszewski J.
|
2001
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vol. 48
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issue 1
191-198
EN
The ribosome is a macromolecular assembly that is responsible for protein biosynthesis in all organisms. It is composed of two-subunit, ribonucleoprotein particles that translate the genetic material into an encoded polypeptides. The small subunit is the site of codon-anticodon interaction between the messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) substrates, and the large subunit catalyses peptide bond formation. The peptidyltransferase activity is fulfilled by 23S rRNA, which means that ribosome is a ribozyme. 5S rRNA is a conserved component of the large ribosomal subunit that is thought to enhance protein synthesis by stabilizing ribosome structure. This paper shortly summarises new results obtained on the structure and function of 5S rRNA.
3
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The new aspects of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

81%
Szymański M., Deniziak M., Barciszewski J.
|
EN
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) are essential proteins found in all living organisms. They form a diverse group of enzymes that ensure the fidelity of transfer of genetic information from the DNA into the protein. AARS catalyse the attachment of amino acids to transfer RNAs and thereby establish the rules of the genetic code by virtue of matching the nucleotide triplet of the anticodon with its cognate amino acid. Here we summarise the effects of recent studies on this interesting family of multifunctional enzymes.
4
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The nucleotide sequence of 5s rRNA from bovine liver

60%
Szymański M., Nalaskowska M., Barciszewski J.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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1992
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vol. 39
|
issue 3
295-299
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