Search results

1

Profiling and Comparison of Fatty Acids in the Oils from the seeds of egusi melon (Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai)

100%

Duru I. A., Maduka T. D.-O.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2021

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vol. 37

31-40

EN

The fatty acid profile of vegetable oil from seeds of egusi melon (Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) collected from a local market in Imo State, Nigeria, were analyzed using the GC-MS technique. The study revealed the presence of six (6) fatty acids in each seed oil. Four fatty acids and three fatty acid methyl esters were detected. A total of five (5) similar fatty acids (three (3) saturated and two (2) unsaturated) were detected in both oil, and both seed oils contained one fatty acid not detected in the other. The percentage (%) concentration of saturated fatty acids compounds detected in both oil include Pentadecanoic acid methyl ester (EMO: 4.91; WMO: 4.43), Octadecanoic acid (Stearic acid) (EMO: 3.64; WMO: 41.77), and Methyl heptacosanoate (EMO: 39.16; WMO: 1.32) while the (%) concentration of unsaturated fatty acids detected in both oils includes 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (EMO: 46.05; WMO:46.28) and Oleic acid (EMO: 4.48; WMO: 3.97). Eicosanoic acid, methyl ester was detected at a concentration of 1.77% in Egusi melon seed oil alone while watermelon seed oil detected n-Hexadecanoic acid at a concentration of 2.22%. The fatty acid profiling of both seed oil revealed fatty acid compounds with therapeutic abilities. This study has provided the scientific backing for the therapeutic uses of both oil and also has compared both oil and predicts a future substitution of both oil in future utilization and at the same time influence their acceptability by the consumers.

2

Mucuna pruriens-seed extract stimulating immune system in Litopenaeus vannamei against Vibrio harveyi

100%

Shanmugavel G., Krishnamoorthy G.

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vol. 39

95-112

EN

Objective: To evaluate the immunostimulant (ISt) role of Mucuna pruriens-seed (Mp-seed) enriched with Artemia (Ar) in Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) infected by Vibrio harveyi (V. harveyi). Method: Fifteen shrimp (30±5g) were stocked per 250 L tank in 3 replicates and fed twice daily with Ar enriched with Mp-seed methanolic extracts at 100 ppm and 200 ppm for 21 days. Infected L. vannamei shows altered immunoparameter (IPM) and antioxidant enzyme status due to the V. harveyi infection induced stress. Results: Significantly increased (p<0.05) total haemocyte count, respiratory burst, phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed in shrimp fed with Mp enriched Ar diets compared to infected group. Supplementation of Mp enriched Ar in diet could enhance the immunity of shrimp against V. harveyi infection by reverses the antioxidant level. The histology of hepatopancreas (HPC) also shows Mp-fed groups has restores the normal structure. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that Mp enriched Ar in diet have a potentially role in ISt and an effective antioxidant by regulating infectious stress against vibriosis.

3

Comparative study of the properties of yellow and brown Cyperus esculentus L.

100%

Ihenetu S. C., Ibe F. C., Inyamah P. C.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2021

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vol. 35

25-37

EN

The present research accounts for the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of yellow and brown Cyperus esculentus, which were subjected to standard chemical and biochemical analysis. The results obtained from the analysis of yellow tiger nut showed the following phytochemical properties: anthocyanin 0.82 ± 0.02 µg/ml, oxalate 1.43 ± 0.05 µg/ml, tannin 12.22 ± 0.10 µg/ml, rutin 39.19 ± 0.29 µg/ml, phenol 10.94 ± 0.05 µg/ml, lunamarine 38.99 ± 0.07 µg/ml, saponin 44.67 ± 0.15 µg/ml, ribalinidine 1.35 ± 0.03 µg/ml, phytate 0.33 ± 0.01 µg/ml, catechin 48.29 ± 0.04 µg/ml, and kaempferol 38.59 ± 0.02 µg/ml. The brown tiger nut showed the presence of the phytochemicals with values as: anthocyanin 0.01 ± 0.00 µg/ml, oxalate 2.66 ± 0.02 µg/ml, tannin 12.67 ± 0.04 µg/ml, rutin 43.99 ± 0.05 µg/ml, phenol 11.02 ± 0.10 µg/ml, lunamarine 39.66 ± 0.03 µg/ml, saponin 47.79 ± .06 µg/ml, ribalinidine 1.21 ± 0.04 µg/ml, phytate 0.28 ± 0.03 µg/ml, catechin 46.77 ± 0.05 µg/ml, and kaempferol 38.34 ± 0.15 µg/ml. The observed level of mineral elements in the tiger nut is in the increasing order of zinc > sodium > iron > copper > calcium > magnesium > potassium for yellow tiger nut, and for brown tiger nut the order is zinc > sodium > iron > copper > calcium > magnesium > potassium. The values of physical and chemical properties recorded for yellow tiger nut is in the increasing order of moisture > ash content > crude protein > crude fiber > crude fat > carbohydrate, the increasing order for brown tiger nut shows ash content > moisture > crude protein > crude fiber > crude fat > carbohydrate. This indicates that tiger nuts contain elevated carbohydrate levels, crude fat and protein. From the data obtained, the high potassium to low sodium ratio of the two species of tiger nuts consequently might be imperative in diet recommendations for patients with high blood pressure (high BP) and edema as well. The investigated tiger nut varieties are rich sources of the phytochemicals, oil and contain moderate amounts of protein. They are also rich sources of fiber and carbohydrates. The phytochemical constituents of the tiger nuts are important and could be of high commercial significance in both, research institutes and pharmaceuticals companies for manufacturing of new drugs and for therapeutic applications.

4

Anticancer Activities of Ferrous and Ferric Ions in Progression, Proliferation, Angiogenesis, Invasion and Metastasis against Cancer and Tumor Cells

100%

Ishida T.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 17

111-129

EN

The process of ferroptotic death is characterized by the overwhelming, iron-depending accumulation of lethal lipid ROS. Unlike other forms of apoptotic and non-apoptotic death, this requirement for ROS accumulation appears to be universal. Redox cycling is a characteristic of transition metals such as iron (Ferritin Fe3+ ⇄ Ferrous Fe2+). Iron via the Fenton reaction can exacerbate the consequences of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, leading to the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The superoxide ion can participate in regenerating ferrous iron that is required for the Fenton reaction. An excess of iron is toxic due to its ability to engage in redox cycling and promote free radical formation. Super oxide anion generation; O2 → ･O2－. Hydrogen peroxide production; ･O2－ + 2H+ + e- → H2O2. Haber-Weiss reaction; H2O2 + O2－ → ･OH + OH－ + O2. Fenton reaction; Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + OH－ + ･OH. Reduction to Fe(Ⅱ); Fe3+ ＋･O2－ → Fe2+ + O2. Ferritin is stable in iron-rich conditions, whereas it is rapidly degraded under conditions of iron starvation and ferritin degradation can be led. New blood vessel formation in angiogenesis is fundamental to tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic dissemination. Iron deficiency will lead to the dysfunction of immune system, metabolic disorders, myasthenia and anemia, whereas, excess iron also damages several vital organs. Thus, iron is essential for multiple cell functions, but is also potentially deleterious reasons of its ability to generate free oxygen radicals, iron balance by continuously recycling and reusing cellular iron, storage in ferritin, and export through ferroportin protecting cells from free iron toxicity. However. the exact molecular mechanism involved on iron imbalance in development for tumor cells and the iron overload-mediated induction of apoptosis are required to be explored in future.

5

Batch Adsorption Studies on Rice Husk with Methyl Violet Dye

100%

Omokpariola D. O., Otuosorochi J. N.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2020

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vol. 33

48-63

EN

The potential of rice husks powder (RHP) for the removal of methyl violet dye from aqueous solution was investigated. Batch adsorption studies were conducted and various parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were studied to observe their effects in the dye adsorption process. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of MV onto the adsorbent (RHP) was found to be: contact time (100 min) pH (10.0) and temperature (303 K) for an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/l and adsorbent dose of 1.0 g respectively. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data fitted best and well to the Freundlich Isotherm model for both dyes adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 1.66 mg/g for the adsorption of MV dye. The kinetic data conformed to the pseudo second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic quantities such as Gibbs free energy (ΔGº), enthalpy (Δº) and entropy (ΔSº) were evaluated and the negative values of ΔGº, ΔHº and ΔSº obtained indicate the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process.

6

Wolne rodniki w dymie tytoniowym – metody analizy i znaczenie biomedyczne

100%

Kośmider L., Knysak J., Gawron M., Czogała J., Goniewicz M. Ł.

Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine

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2013

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vol. 16

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issue 3

7-14

EN

Free radicals, i.e. atoms or groups of atoms containing one or more unpaired electrons, are significant constituents of tobacco smoke that contribute to its toxic properties. Radicals are generated during complex pyrolysis and combustion reactions in burning a cigarette cone. It has been shown that some free radicals found in tobacco smoke have relatively long half-time life (over 5 mins). We have reviewed modern analytical methods used for identification and quantitative analysis of free radicals in tobacco smoke, particularly the electron paramagnetic resonance combined with a spin-trapping approach. We also discussed the role of free radicals in etiology of respiratory and cardiovascular conditions among smokers. Finally, we reviewed biochemical mechanisms of various pathological conditions, including disturbances in lipid peroxidation, activity modification of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and level high density lipoprotein, hyperactivity to substance P, and inactivation of neutral endopeptidase, that are thought to be contributed by free radicals from tobacco smoke.

PL

Wolne rodniki – atomy lub grupy atomów, zawierające jeden lub więcej niesparowanych elektronów, są jednym z wielu czynników odpowiedzialnych za toksyczne właściwości dymu tytoniowego. Rodniki powstają w wyniku procesów spalania oraz procesów pirolizy, zachodzących w stożku żarzenia w trakcie wypalania papierosa. Niektóre rodniki występujące w dymie tytoniowym mają względnie długi okres półtrwania (ponad 5 min.). W niniejszej pracy omówiono nowoczesne metody analityczne służące do identyfikacji i ilościowej analizy wolnych rodników w próbkach dymu tytoniowego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem elektronowego rezonansu paramagnetycznego, w połączeniu z metodą pułapkowania spinowego. W pracy dokonano przeglądu istniejących poglądów na temat roli wolnych rodników w etiologii określonych chorób układu krążenia i układu oddechowego u palaczy, a także potencjalnych mechanizmów biochemicznych odpowiedzialnych za różne stany patologiczne (zaburzenia procesów peroksydacji lipidów, modyfikacje struktury i aktywności acylotransferazy lecytyna:cholesterol i poziomu lipoproteiny wysokiej gęstości, nadwrażliwość na substancję P i inaktywację obojętnej endopeptydazy).

7

Substytucja octanów allilowych nukleofilami fosforowymi oraz zawierającymi atom fosforu

100%

Maślanka M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe

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2017

|

issue 14

173-186

EN

The purpose of the project was to investigate the reactivity of selected allyl acetates for substitution with phosphorus nucleophiles or phosphorus-containing carboanions. Triethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphonoacetate and tetraethyl methylenedi- phosphonate were used for the reaction. The products are α,β-unsaturated esters containing one or more phosphonate moieties for which hydrolysis to the acidic form was performed using bromotrimethylsilane. As a result, we obtained a variety of multifunctional compounds. Their structures were characterized with spectroscopic methods. For policarboxylic compounds, we encountered issues with purification of the obtained products.

PL

Celem projektu było zbadanie reaktywności wybranych octanów allilowych w substytucji nukleofilami fosforowymi lub karboanionami zawierającymi atom fosforu. W reakcji zastosowano fosforyn trietylowy, fosfonooctan trietylowy oraz metyleno- bisfosfonian tetraetylowy. Produktami były α,β-nienasycone estry zawierające grupę lub grupy fosfonianowe, dla których następnie przeprowadzono hydrolizę do form kwasowych z użyciem bromotrimetylosilanu. W wyniku tego otrzymano szereg związków wielofunkcyjnych, których struktury poddano charakterystyce technikami spektroskopowymi. W przypadku związków polikarboksylowych napotkano trudności z wydzieleniem oczekiwanych produktów.

8

Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Shallow Wells in Sabion Gari settlement of Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State

100%

Mbahi A. M., Jafaru M. I., Mbahi A. M., Onoshe S., Amos P. I.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 17

56-62

EN

Shallow well water is one of the major source of drinking water in Girei Local Government. In the Present study, the bacteriological quality and physico-chemical properties (pH and temperature) of water samples collected from selected shallow wells in the study area were assessed. Therein, the organisms isolated from the well water are Escherichia and Klebsiellaspp. The coliform count of the water sample collected from the wells as determined by most probable number method falls between 350-1800+ coliforms / 100m1, while the heterotropic bacteria from the sample were in the range of 7.2 × 103 - 2.88 × 104 cfu/ml. Moreover, the pH and temperature of the water falls around 5.5-7.1 and 15-21 °C, respectively. This study showed that the water samples obtained from wells in Sabon Gari are heavily contaminated with coliforms. This is of serious concern because of the association of the coliforms with pathogenic enterobacteriaceae.

9

THROMBORESISTANT SILICON PLATES MODIFIED WITH CHITOSAN AND HEPARIN BY THE LAYER-BY-LAYER ASSEMBLY METHOD

100%

Drozd N. N., Shagdarova B. T., Zhuikova Y. V., Il’ina A. V., Vasiliev M. N., Vasilieva T. M., Hein A. M., Varlamov V. P.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2019

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vol. 24

5 - 22

EN

Fifteen samples of silicone plates (PlateSi, area=12 cm2), with surfaces modified layer-by-layer with chitosan and unfractionated heparin, were obtained. The sample surfaces were pre-treated by cold oxygen plasma in a planar-type plasma chemical reactor with 50 W power before coating with layered polysaccharides. Pre-treatment was carried out in two alternative operation modes of the reactor, namely in the plasma etching mode and in the reactive-ion etching mode. Thromboresistance was assessed in vitro in contact with human blood. The thromboresistant silicon plates, modified layer-by-layer (3, 5, 7, and 9 bilayers) with chitosan, with molecular weights of 65 kDa, increased with the increase in the number of layers, up to 5. An increase in the duration of thromboresistance was observed in layer-by-layer modification of the surface of the plates with chitosan with a molecular weight of 200 kDa or with quaternized chitosan with a molecular weight of 200 kDa. Some samples of highly thromboresistant, modified PlateSi contributed to the adhesion of platelets and the haemolysis of red blood cells to a lesser extent than untreated silicon plates. The three most promising samples of modified PlateSi were selected.

10

Investigating the extract constituents and corrosion inhibiting ability of Sida acuta leaves

100%

Adindu Chinonso B., Oguzie Emeka E.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

|

vol. 13

63-81

EN

Constituents of the ethanol extract of Sida acuta (SA) leaves were investigated by phytochemical, GC-MS and FTIR studies and its corrosion inhibition effects on mild steel was studied in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions, using gravimetric and electrochemical methods of corrosion monitoring. The surface morphology of the mild steel surface before and after corrosion was also assessed using SEM imaging. The phytochemical, GC-MS and FTIR results revealed that SA contains carbonyl groups, aromatic rings, and double bonds that make it a prospective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. Moreover, gravimetric results indicated that SA is an effective additive for the corrosion of mild steel at all the concentrations studied. Finally, the electrochemical results showed that SA inhibited both the anodic and cathodic half reactions by the adsorption of the extract constituents on the mild steel surface; this was further confirmed by the SEM investigations.

11

Packed-Bed Column Adsorption of Metanil Yellow (MY) from Simulated Wastewater using Granular NaOH-Activated Carbon from Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Peels

100%

Isiuku B. O., Horsfall Jr. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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vol. 14

11-35

EN

The ability of NaOH-activated carbon derived from cassava peels waste to remove MY from aqueous solution was carried out in a fixed-bed column adsorber. The parameters studied included initial solution concentration, Co, carbon bed height and volume flow rate. The temperature of operation and initial solution pH were 29 °C and 5.32, respectively. The optimum adsorption capacity, qe 4.12 mg/g was obtained at Co 10mg/L, bed height 10cm and flow rate, 13.3ml/min. Experimental data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm, as well as the Thomas, Yoon-Nelson and Clark kinetic models. All the models were good fits for experimental data based on correlation coefficient, R2 values. The ΔGads and Freundlich n (1.587) show that the biosorption was spontaneous, good and physical. Results show that NaOH-activated carbon from cassava peels has low capacity to remove MY from aqueous solutions.

12

Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the expression of proinflammatory proteins in murine macrophages raw 264.7 cells

100%

Olbert M., Gryc K., SROCZYŃSKA K., ZAJĄC A., LIPKOWSKA A., LIBROWSKI T., GDULA-ARGASIŃSKA J.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

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2017

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vol. 28

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issue 109

262-265

EN

Zinc is a microelement essential for the body. It has a great impact on the proper development and renewal of tissues, reproductive system, skin condition, or immune processes. Zincis involved practically in all aspects of the immune system and the production and activation of white blood cells. This work aimed to determine the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) on the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins in murine macrophages RAW 264.7, activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using the immunodetection technique the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES), prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP receptor) and nuclear factor Nrf2 was determined. Statistically the highest expression of COX-2, cPGES, and FP receptor was observed in LPS-activated macrophages. RAW 264.7 cells supplementation with ZnONP 100 nmol and 500 nmol and LPS activation resulted in repression of COX-2 and cPGES, and an increased expression of Nrf2 protein when compared to control. The results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect and activation of the antioxidant system by ZnONP in RAW 264.7 macrophages. It seems appropriate to conduct further research on the molecular mechanism of action of ZnONP in eukaryotic cells.

13

Influence of αlpha-linolenic acid supplementation on murine macrophages RA W 264.7 activated with lipopolisaccharide

100%

ZAJĄC A., SROCZYŃSKA K., LIPKOWSKA A., OLBERT M., LIBROWSKI T., SAŁAT K., MALIKOWSKA N., GDULA-ARGASIŃSKA J.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

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2017

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vol. 28

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issue 108

176-181

EN

Chronic inflammation is characterized by excessive production of cytokines and eicosanoids and is associated with unsufficient resolution. Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids may result in a lower incidence of many inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of α – linolenic acid (ALA) on the fatty acids profile of cell membranes and on the pro-inflammatory proteins cyclooxygenase – 2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES) and prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP) expression in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It has been shown that COX-2, cPGES as well as FP receptor expression was highest in cells activated by LPS. In macrophages supplemented with ALA and activated with LPS a pro-inflammatory protein levels were significantly reduced, suggesting anti-inflammatory activity of α-linolenic acid. There were also statistically significant changes in the fatty acid profile after incubation of the RAW 264.7 cells for 48 hours with ALA. A deficiency or excess of specific fatty acids affect the cellular membrane fluidity, can also cause changes in cell morphology. Therefore it is appropriate to carry out further research on the ALA properties.

14

Antibacterial activity of (PVP-ZrO2) nanocomposite against pathogenic bacteria

100%

Abdulrazaq R. A., Al-Ramadhan Z. A., Khalaf H. H.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 18

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issue 2

187-194

EN

The antibacterial activity of a PVP-ZrO2 nanocomposite was investigated against pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and K. pneumoniae after antibacterial sensitivity was determined and one isolate was chosen that showed more antibiotic resistance. Herein, the Co-culture technique was used to calculate percent reduction of bacteria. The results that were obtained in this method show that ZrO2 nanoparticles have inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria gram negative bacteria and gram positive bacteria - with reduction of growth reaching 100% to both S. aureus and K. pnumoniae at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% ZrO2, compared with control. The resistance patterns of S. aureus and K.pnuemonia isolates show the Moxifloxacin (MXF) is the best antibiotic for both bacteria - with sensitivity at 100%, while resistance to Ceftriaxone (CRO) is at 90% S. aureus, and at 80% K. pnumoniae. The polymer-nanocomposite was prepared by weight percentage wt. % of (PVP) being dissolved in (10) ml of distilled water, with weight percentages 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of ZrO2 nanoparticles added.

15

SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN HYDROXYAPATITE: A REVIEW

100%

Vokhidova N. R., Ergashev K. H., Rashidova S. S.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2022

|

vol. 27

5-34

EN

In this review, the research devoted to synthesising chitosan apatites, their biologically active properties, and their application in medical practice is analysed. The data are from articles published between 2001 and 2022 on the formation of calcium- and phosphorus-containing chitosan composites and the mechanism of their interaction

16

Gravimetric study of corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H2SO4 environment using watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) leaf extract as inhibitor

100%

Monday O., Tony G. B., Okorie O., Azuka E. J., Ogechukwu A. S.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2024

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vol. 53

17-31

EN

ABSTRACT This work presents gravimetric study of corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H2SO4 environment using watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) leaf extract as inhibitor. The extract was characterized in terms of phytochemical status and functional groups. Its efficiency in the corrosion inhibition was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). In the RSM, interactive effects of inhibitor concentration, temperature and time on the efficiency of the extract were monitored using central composite design of design expert software. Analysis of the results show that watermelon leaf extract successfully inhibited corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 environment. Predominant functional groups of watermelon leaf include; C-H stretch (2851.4 cm-1), N-H symmetric and asymmetric stretch (3267.7 cm-1), C=H stretch (2195.4 cm-1), =C-O-C stretch (1241.2 cm-1), C=O symmetric and asymmetric stretch (17722.0 cm-1), C-F (1155.5 cm-1) and =C-H bend (674.0 cm-1). It contains polar atoms of nitrogen and oxygen. Its major phytochemicals are alkaloids (243.14 ±0.03 mg/100g) and tannins (216.32 ±0.02 mg/100g). The extract possesses good inhibitive properties. Weight loss, corrosion rate, inhibition efficiency and degree of surface coverage were influenced by time of immersion of the mild steel, temperature and concentration. The watermelon leaf extract exhibited high inhibition efficiency. Hence, it can be used to inhibit corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 solution. Quadratic equation reliably connects the inhibition efficiency with the considered factors. Optimum Inhibition efficiency of 92.96% was attained by the watermelon leaf extract.

17

Synthesis, characterization, structural and optical properties of titanium-dioxide nanoparticles using Glycosmis cochinchinensis Leaf extract and its photocatalytic evaluation and antimicrobial properties

100%

Rosi H., Kalyanasundaram S.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2018

|

vol. 17

1-15

EN

The present study reports on the development of an Eco-friendly, nontoxic, inexpensive and low cost effective method for green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, using Glycosmis cochinchinensis leaf extract. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet spectral studies (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the TiO2 nanoparticles, while the application of TiO2 nanoparticles was assessed and antimicrobial activity was evaluated photocatalytically. XRD studies indicated that the titanium dioxide nanoparticles were crystalline in nature and in the anatase phase. According to our derived data, TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance peak at 430 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy and the band gap energy was to be found to be 3.02 eV. FTIR spectral studies confirm that flavonoids and proteins are the stabilizing agents of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The SEM and TEM images indicate that the morphology of the product is spherical nanoparticles with an average particle size of 40 ±5 nm with standard deviation. The antibacterial activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles was tested against gram positive bacteria (S. saprophyticus and B. subtilis) and gram negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Accordingly, maximum zone of inhibition was observed against gram negative bacteria. The antifungal activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles was then tested against Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei. Herein, maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 60 mm against T.reesi. Hence, Glycosmis cochinchinensis leaf extract green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles can be considered to be an effective antimicrobial agent.

18

Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of the bark of Piptadeniastrum africanum Hook (Fabaceae)

100%

Owoeye E. A., Ogboru R. O., Bakpolor V. R., Omobude D. E.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2018

|

vol. 19

135-141

EN

Herein, the stem bark extract of Piptadeniastrum africanum Hook (F.) (used in folklore medicine for treating several illnesses), were screened for phytochemicals. The chemical screening revealed the presence of some phytochemicals - saponins, alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, glycosides and cardiac glycosides. Other phytochemicals - phenols and flavonoids - were absent in the bark extract. Proximate analysis on the bark extract also showed the presence of ash, fat, carbohydrate, moisture content and crude protein. The presence of these phytochemicals lends credence to the medicinal benefits it has been used for in the past years.

19

Application of wood rot wild mushrooms in bioethanol production from sawdust of sawmills of Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise, Ethiopia

100%

Megersa S.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2020

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vol. 29

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issue 3

185-197

EN

In this research sawdust samples of Ecalyptus globulus and Cupressus lusitanica were evaluated for bioethanol productions. The sawdust samples were first pretreated with three white rot fungi alone and also by combining the white rot fungi with mild NaOH and steam. Both the fungal and combined pretreated samples were then hydrolyzed with hydrolytic enzymes from three cellulolytic wood rot fungi. Finally, the resulting sugars were fermented into bioethanol using S. cerevisae in anaerobic conditions. Results obtained, in general, indicated that bioethanol amount produced in all cases of sawdust management was significantly higher than the amount obtained from the un-pretreated sawdust samples (p<0.05). In both fungal alone and combined pretreated sawdust samples, higher ethanol yield was obtained from E. globulus than from C. lusitanica. Similarly, combination with NaOH showed better bioethanol yield over combination with steam. The highest alcohol concentration was obtained when pretreated NaOH-006-2G and hydrolyzed with enzymes from 033-1G and followed by results when pretreated with 005-1G and 003-2G, respectively, and hydrolyzed with enzymes from 033-1G.

20

Evaluation of phytochemical constituents of Methanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. whole leaf by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis

100%

Okechukwu V. U., Eze S. O., Omokpariola D. O., Okereke J. C.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2021

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vol. 37

18-30

EN

The research study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of Methanol extracts of Moringa oleifera whole leaf by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR) analysis. The leaves was washed, air dried for 2 weeks, then ground into a fine powder and extracted using methanol by maceration for 24 hours using standard procedures. After the contact time elapsed, the solvent filtered to recover the extract. The functional groups and the chemical constituents of the methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively. The FT/IR analysis confirmed the presence of O-H, C=C, C-H, C-O, CH3 and C=C-H bond stretching functional groups, which indicates that the substance is an aliphatic alcohol, ester, aldehyde and carboxylic acid. However, the fingerprint region had a pattern that is specific for every molecule, the presence of -OH function and N-O stretch; suggest that or alcohols and nitrogen or aromatic or aliphatic phenols containing molecules are major components of the Moringa oleifera leaf studied. GC-MS analysis of the extract reveals the identification of twenty compounds, in which two compounds were identified in each peak. N,N'-Pentamethylenebis[s-3-aminopropyl thiosulfuric acid and 2-Myristynoyl pantetheine (100%), 2-Myristynoyl pantetheine and Deoxyspergualin (92.05%), 5-Octadecenal and 9-Hexadecenoic acid (27.94%). N,N'-Pentamethylenebis[s-3-aminopropyl thiosulfuric acid and Pentetic Acid are the major phytoconstituents. Most of the compounds in the list are bioactive and possess medicinal properties, which further justify the application of Moringa oleifera traditional plant in the discovery of novel therapeutics.

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