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Presence of CL influence the quantity and quality of COC in slaughter house derived ovaries of Boran heifers

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Ali S., Degefa T., Lemma A., Young R. C.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2021
|
vol. 34
29-37
EN
The objective of the study was to determine whether the presence of CL on the ovary can influence the number and quality of COCs recovered using needle aspiration technique. A total 40 numbers of Bovine ovaries were collected from the local abattoirs soon after the animals were slaughtered. The specimens were classified as corpus luteum present (CL+) and corpus luteum absent (CL) groups. A total of 583 follicles were aspirated from 40 ovaries and among them 381 (62.5%) COCs were collected from CL group ovaries and 202 (37.5%) COCs from CL+ group ovaries. The COCs were also classified as Grade I (>3 layers of cumulus), Grade II (2 or 3 layers of cumulus), Grade III (no cumulus) and Grade IV (degenerated cells). Grade I and Grade II were classified as normal, and Grade III and Grade IV were considered as abnormal COCs. The result indicated that greater numbers of follicles were aspirated and COCs were collected from CL ovaries (15.24±5.27 and 9.40±3.50, respectively) than ovary with CL+. Ovaries CL contribute higher normal COCs (Grades I and II) than that of ovaries with CL+. The result of this study is a preliminary work directing suitable source of COCs for initiating and optimizing in vitro embryo production experiment in like Ethiopia having huge cattle population and animal slaughtering is more common for various reasons like to export or for domestic consumption.
2
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Folikulogeneza i steroidogeneza jajnikowa u świń

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Błocińska R.
Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe
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2010
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issue 1
14-22
EN
Folliculogenesis is the process in which the basic structure of ovaries is created; it is required for the oocyte environment composition. Folliculogenesis begins in fetal life and leads to the creation of suitable environment for the oocyte metabolism in the ovary. This extremely dynamic and complex process coincides with meiosis of the oogonia. The complexity of the formation, growth and maturation of ovarian follicles is well explained not only by folliculogenesis but also by steroidogenesis which plays an important role in the creation of ovarian follicles.
3
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Prevalent Cattle diseases of West Bengal: A survey in four districts

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Mukherjee R., Biswas S., Dutta S., Chowdhury A., Roy S., Basu A., Mandal D.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2019
|
vol. 23
221-232
EN
West Bengal is one of the most populated states of India. The residents of the state are mostly dependent on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Livestock also provide economic support and food security to them. A survey in veterinary hospitals and cattle farms of Murshidabad, Nadia, Malda and Birbhum district of West Bengal indicated the frequent occurrence of bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan diseases in cattle. Some of these diseases like cryptosporidium diarrhoea, ringworm and salmonelliasis are zoonotic in nature and thus, are easily transmitted to human. The frequency of diseases increases during rainy season. Infection of alimentary canal and pneumonia are more common in calves whereas, arthritis is more common in male. Most of the common diseases of cattle like anthrax, rabies, foot and mouth disease, bovine tuberculosis, etc., can be prevented by proper vaccination. Some of these diseases can easily be diagnosed by modern techniques like ELISA, PCR, etc. But lack of veterinary hospitals, socio-economic backwardness and misconception have prevented easy diagnosis and treatment of these common diseases. Common antibiotic like kanamycin, antifungal drugs and antitoxins are generally applied to treat these diseases. Further, maintenance of proper hygiene, isolation of diseased animal, regular check-up and vaccination can prevent easy transmission of the diseases and thus, will put a check on livestock damage.
4
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Folikulogeneza i steroidogeneza jajnikowa u świń

100%
Błocińska R.
Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe
|
2010
|
issue 1
14-22
EN
Folliculogenesis is the process in which the basic structure of ovaries is created; it is required for the oocyte environment composition. Folliculogenesis begins in fetal life and leads to the creation of suitable environment for the oocyte metabolism in the ovary. This extremely dynamic and complex process coincides with meiosis of the oogonia. The complexity of the formation, growth and maturation of ovarian follicles is well explained not only by folliculogenesis but also by steroidogenesis which plays an important role in the creation of ovarian follicles.
5
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Cykl estralny u świni domowej

100%
Błocińska R.
Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe
|
2010
|
issue 1
7-13
EN
Pigs belong to poliestral animals because their reproductive cycle is repeated several times per year. The characteristics of the menstruation involves repeated cycles of the integrated cellular reproductive axis. The morphological changes of the reproductive organs such as uterus, fallopian tubes and vagina accompany the progress of the menstrual cycle. The understanding of the estral cycle mechanism and the monitoring of the estrus phase in female individuals affect the efficiency of pig farming because they can help to resolve the problems in sow reproduction that cause financial loss in pig production.
6
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Ecology and Prevalence of Parasites of African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840) in Benue State, Nigeria

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Yager G. O., Abuul T. B. T., Iboyi M. O., Ate G. M.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2022
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vol. 41
98-106
EN
The study examined the body weight and parasites prevalence of African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840) in rural setting of Gboko Local Government of Benue State. A total of 15 rats (10 males and 5 females) were collected from the wild and subjected to parasites isolation and body weight measurement at the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture laboratory, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and student T-test. Results revealed a significantly higher (1.99kg) mean body weight in males rats compared to females (1.2 kg) (p<0.05). Parasite prevalence revealed 3 groups of Endo parasites (Roundworm, Flagellates and Tapeworm) and an Ecto parasite (flea) in the rats. However, there was no significant difference between the male and female rats in terms of the Endo/Ecto parasites count and load (p> 0.05). More so, body weight, endo and ecto parasites count and load were highly correlated with sex in the animals. For healthier consumption and domestication, adequate attention should be given towards the control of both endo and ecto parasite of captive reared African giant rat.
7
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Effect of Protein Extract of Mangifera indica Pollen on the Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cell) of Albino Rats

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Ezebo R. O., Omumuabuike J. N., Esimai B. G., Ilouno E. E., Obieze O. U., Obienyem J. N., Uba C. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2021
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vol. 36
114-124
EN
This study was carried out to show the effect of the protein extract of Mangifera indica on the red blood cell (erythrocytes) of albino rats. The Mangifera protein was extracted using 500ml of 0.02m (20mM) phosphate- buffered saline (PBS), at pH 7.4, in a large beaker (stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 3 hours at room temperature). The crude extract was saturated to 60% by adding solid ammonium sulphate under constant gentle attiring, and then stored in a refrigerator for 6 hours. Sixteen male albino rats obtained from animal house in Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria Nsukka was used for the study. They were divided into two groups of eight. One group was labeled the experimental group and the other control. The extract was administered to the experimental rats intra nasally for a period of seven (7) days. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error. Means were separated using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). Blood samples were collected via the orbital plexus of rats to determine the effect of the extract on red blood cell (erythrocytes). The present study demonstrated that the extracted pollen of Mangifera indica had no allergic effect on ratsand so would need to be further investigated.
8
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Therapeutic effects of Cucumis metuliferus fruits on avian viruses

100%
Olamilekan A. R.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2021
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vol. 35
68-82
EN
Poverty is the major restraint of people to modern medicine in the developing world. This brought about therapeutic usage of medicinal plants which can be traced back to history as different cultures utilize plants and plant products from ancient time for preventing and treating of diseases. These People in the developing countries or rural areas solely depend on traditional medicine for their primary health care, in which they majorly use plants or their active principles. Upsurge resistance of avian viruses to commercial drugs is both developed and developing countries problem which imposed a search for new avian antiviral substances from other sources like medicinal plants. This led to the discovery of Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naudin fruit which has been verified by local farmers and scientific researchers to cure various diseases and conditions including avian viruses like Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), avian influenza and Hepatitis B Virus. This review is aimed at revealing the avian virus diseases that are treated with the Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naudin, fruit and phytochemical constituents responsible for this antiviral activities.
9
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Effect of breed, parity and frequency of collection on quality and quantity of OPU derived oocytes

100%
Ali S., Lemma A., Degefa T., Jemal J.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2021
|
vol. 34
88-97
EN
The aims of this study was to see the effect of breed, parity and scheme of collection on the quality and quantity of OPU derived oocytes and effect of transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration on subsequent fertility of donor cows. A total of 28 animals (11 Boran and 11 Boran Holstein-Friesian cross for once per week collection, and 7 Boran and 7 Boran Holstein-Friesian cross for twice per week collection) were used in this experiment. A total of 22 animals were evaluated for the effect of the OPU procedure on subsequent reproductive function. In 150 Ovum Pick up sessions, irrespective of collection scheme, breed and parity, 1124 follicle (554 in Boran and 570 in HF crosses) were punctured with a recovery rate of 51.1% in Boran and 48.6% in the crosses. Relatively more follicles were aspirated in crosses compared to Borans although the difference in oocyte recovery rate and quality were not statistically significant. Overall recovery rate was 57.7% in heifers and 42% in cows. Frequency of aspiration significantly influenced (P<0.05) oocyte recovery rate with more follicles aspirated in Once per week per session compared to twice per week per session but there was no difference in the mean number of recovered oocytes. A significantly higher number of follicles were aspirated (P<0.05) and good quality oocytes were greater in heifers than cows. Different COCs quality grades were recovered from breed, parity and frequency of collection category. Overall from a total of 574 collected COCs, about 326 (57%) of the recovered COCs were of the quality grades I and II, whereas 248 (43%) were with quality grades III and IV. All 22 animals showed estrus on average after 19 days of the last OPU procedure though a relatively weaker intensity of estrus signs, irregularity of the cycle and minor ovarian morphological change were noted. Response rate to a single PGF2α treatment on 18 animals was 72% (13/18). Subsequent insemination of those in estrus resulted in 53.8% (7/13) first service conception rate. In conclusion, parity, and to some extent frequency of collection had a significant effect on the quality and quantity of oocyte but not breed. Animals at post OPU were able to continue cycling and become pregnant.
10
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Vaccine as a remedy for antimicrobial resistance; what are the Pros and Cons?

100%
Idris I., Adesola R. O.
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EN
Before microorganisms were discovered as the causative agents of diseases, it was taught that diseases occur as a result of an imbalance in energy channels within the body system. With the advent of antimicrobials drugs to cure these diseases in both humans and animals, these antimicrobial drugs turn out to be ineffective as a result of overuse and misuse that lead to antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobials resistance is a silent pandemic having high morbidity and mortality that result in the death of over 1.2 million people worldwide as of 2019. Antimicrobial drugs are meant to prevent and treat disease but as a result of irrational usage, they pose great risks to humans, animals, and also the environment. This resistance is the major cause of persistent diseases and there is a need to avert its transmission and prevent further occurrence through a multidisciplinary approach, approaches to vaccine design and development, and also strengthening health care services delivery.
11
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Haematology, biochemical, and egg quality analysis of ISA brown layers fed graded levels of Faidherbia albida leaves meal under a hot environment

100%
Olaniyan A. M., Ibitoye E. B., Jimoh A. A., Ja’afaru A. I.
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EN
Poor egg qualities during heat stress is a regular episode. The potential of Faidherbia albida leaves, a naturally occurring food nutraceutical at ameliorating heat-induced egg quality deterioration in laying birds is yet to be understood. This research aimed at assessing the outcome of serving processed Faidherbia albida leaves meal (FALM) to ISA brown layer chickens. Five different experimental diets were formulated having 0% (control), 5%, 10%, and 15% FALM of GNC labeled as T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. One hundred eighty 18 weeks old ISA brown layer (IBL) chickens were served these diets in a completely randomized design. The data collection commenced at the 22nd week old, for seven weeks. The inclusion of FALM non-significantly (p>0.05) affected all the haematological parameters analyzed. These feeding trials had no effect (p>0.05) on serum TBARS of experimental birds, however, it was highest in T1 (0.29 ± 0.269 M-1cm-1), but decreased with increasing levels of dietary FALM from 0.28 ± 0.269 M-1cm-1in T2 to 0.25 ± 0.233 M-1cm-1 in T4. The results of dietary FALM on serum vitamins C and E of experimental IBL chickens were significant (p≤0.05), and the serum vitamin C was highest in T2 (1.00 ± 0.362 mg/dl) and the lowest in T1 (0.58 ± 0.124 mg/dl). Contrarily, this feeding trial significantly decreased the serum concentration of vitamin E against the control. It was observed that dietary FALM non-significantly affected the egg quality traits evaluated except for the egg albumin, where dietary FALM at 5% significantly (p≤0.05) increased albumen (T2: 14.97 ± 2.412 g). Also, a non-significant increase in the egg albumin was noted in T3 and T4 when compared with T1. In conclusion, the present findings showed that FALM had no negative effect on the haemopoiesis of IBL chickens, is a potent antioxidant at ameliorating heat stress-induced egg quality deterioration in IBL chickens.
12
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Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830): A Potential Model for Human Diseases

100%
Adesola R. O., Lawal J. T., Oladele O. E.
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EN
Over some time, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830), commonly called fruit fly, has been used as a model organism in both scientific and medical research. Drosophila in comparison with other mammalian species shares some basic features like physiological, biological, biochemical, and neurological resemblances which make them suitable for use for biomedical research. Fruit fly can be maintained efficiently at a reduced cost in the laboratory, and it is endorsed as an alternative model compared to other vertebrates. It is confirmed and documented that almost 75 % of human disease-causing genes have functional similarities in Drosophila. Nevertheless, the use of D. melanogaster as a model organism was not narrowed to genetic research only, but several experiments. The use of this organism as a model for human diseases has also led to findings like neurodegenerative diseases, Huntington’s disease, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, cancer, cardiovascular, inflammation and infectious diseases, and metabolic disorders. The fly is used as an ideal model organism for neurodegenerative disease studies such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, which have become more predominant in today's aging population due to its complex nervous system which conserved neurological function, and the human disease-related loci. In this review, we presented and discussed Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study several human diseases.
13
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Prevalence of Fascioliasis and Histopathology of the Liver in Cattle Slaughtered in Port Harcourt Abbatoir, Rivers State Nigeria

100%
Eze N. C., Briggs A. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2018
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vol. 16
97-108
EN
A study was carried out to determine the histopathology of the liver in cattle slaughtered in Port Harcourt Abattoir, River State, Nigeria, between October to December 2016, and to assess the prevalence of fascioliasis. In undertaking this, faeces were collected and processed using the formal ether concentration technique, while tissue samples for both infected and non-infected livers were collected for proper histopathological procedures. Herein, the livers of slaughtered cattle were examined through visualization, palpation and incision. The outcome of our work showed that out of the 712 randomly sampled cattle, 38 (5.34%) were infected. Of these, 571 were males with an infection rate of 32 (5.60%), while 141 were females with infection rate of 6 (4.25%). Based on breed, infection rates were 12 (4.35%), and 26 (6.02%) for breeds of Sokoto Gudali and Red Bororo, respectively. No infection was recorded in the White Fulani breed. There was no statistically significant association between infection and breed and between infection and sex of the animals sampled. In our histopathology studies of non-infected and infected livers, microscopically, the non-infected liver tissue cells, sinusoids, bile duct and portal tract were all normal. Our results also showed that there were no abnormal changes in the nucleus and the colour of the tissue. However, infected liver tissue appeared pale in colour and greatly swollen, indicating fibrosis. In addition, there was dilation in the central vein and debris and large patches scattered over the parietal surface. Moreover, the pipe stem appearance of the liver was evident. Such histopathological changes indicate tissue damage and this results in economic losses in rearing and in butchering in animals, and in harm to human health. Proper abattoir inspection and care by veterinary workers is therefore required to ensure that heavily damaged livers are not sold for public consumption.
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