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Defensive actions of world top judoists

100%
Boguszewski D.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2011
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vol. 27
111-122
EN
The objective of this work was to define and determine the effectiveness of defensive actions applied in judo fighting. The study was based on recordings of final fights from Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cup (2005-2008). Actions of female and male contestants participating in total of 56 fights were analyzed (to an accuracy of 10-second-periods of time). All actions, including attacks, counter-attacks and defense without counter-attack, were recorded and their effectiveness, preparatory actions, breaks and the referees' decisions were evaluated. Altogether fights of 95 contestants were subjected to analysis. According to the author's classification of defensive actions, 12 types of defense without counter-attack were defined as follows: (1) hand block, (2) hip block, (3) maneuvering around, (4) twist onto abdomen, (5) hand and hip block, (6) hand block and maneuvering around, (7) stepping aside, (8) separation from grasp, (9) leaving the mat, (10) leg entanglement, (11) bridge, (12) return to tachi-waza (escape from ne-waza). Types of defense most often applied according to the study - hand block and twist onto abdomen - were the least effective (93% and 70% respectively). Ashi-waza and te-waza were throws most often applied as counter-attack. However, sutemi-waza throws were most effectively (50%) applied. Highly effective counter-attacks (28%) should serve as a clue for coaches and athletes at the competitive level. The rules set forth by professor Jigoro Kano (among others: "give up in order to win") may not be adequate for today's competition.
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Defensive Actions of Contestants during Polish Judo Championships in the Years 2005-2008

100%
Boguszewski D.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
|
2009
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vol. 1
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issue 2
111-117
EN
Background: The objective of this work was to define and determine the effectiveness of defensive actions applied in judo fighting.Material/Methods: The study was based on video and DVD recordings of fights during Polish Championship finals in the years 2005-2008. Actions of female and male contestants participating in the total of 56 fights were analyzed (to an accuracy of 10-second periods of time). All actions: attacks, counter-attacks and defense without counter-attack were recorded and their effectiveness, preparatory actions, breaks and referees' decisions were analyzed. Altogether 69 fights of female and male contestants were subject to analysis.According to the author's classification of defensive actions, 12 types of defense without counter-attack were defined as follows: (1) hand block, (2) hip block, (3) maneuvering around, (4) twist onto belly, (5) hand and hip block, (6) hand block and maneuvering around, (7) stepping aside, (8) separation from grasp, (9) leaving the mat, (10) leg entanglement, (11) bridge, (12) return to tachi-waza (escape from ne-waza).Results: The types of defense most often applied according to the study - hand block and twist onto belly - were the least effective (86% and 66% accordingly).Ashi-waza i sutemi-waza were throws most often applied as counter-attack. Sutemi-waza (44%) throws were most effectively applied.Leg and hand throws were the most frequent and most effective counter-attack throws. O-goshi throw appeared to be counter-effective most often - not less than every fourth one was successfully counter-attacked.Conclusions: High effectiveness of counter-attacks (29%) should be the tip for coaches and contestants to carry out professional trainings, which follows (and not the other way round as it used to be) the rules set forth by professor Jigoro Kano (among others: "give up in order to win"). Moreover, trainings of defensive skills should be modified since defense actions most often applied by Judoka players (hand block and twist onto belly) proved to be the least effective.
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Physical effort ability in counter movement jump depending on the kind of warm-up and surface temperature of the quadriceps

51%
Adamczyk J. G., Boguszewski D., Siewierski M.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2012
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vol. 4
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issue 3
164-171
EN
Background: The aim of this research was an attempt at qualifying the influence of various kinds of warm-up on physical effort ability, as well as examining whether there exists any dependence between the surface temperature of the quadricipital muscle of the thigh and the power expressed with the height of counter movement jump (CMJ). Material/Methods: In the research thermographic imaging and dynamometric platform were used. The subjects performed the CMJ test in 3 separate sessions - without any warm-up and then after preparation (1st session - jogtrot; 2nd session - jogtrot and stretching exercises; 3 session - dynamic warm up exercises). Results: In the examined group there was no lineal dependence between the surface temperature of the quadriceps and the power expressed with the height of a jump. Regardless of the kind of the applied warm-up, subjects improved their own results in the CMJ test; however, no such regularity concerning the temperature rise on the surface of a muscle was observed. In a dynamic warm-up lower surface temperature of the quadriceps meant a higher value of CMJ (r=0.64; p<0.05). This warm-up proved to be most efficient in the preparation for effort. Conclusions: The fact that highest values of a jump and surface temperature were attained after various kinds of warm-up permits supposing that finding individual forms of preparation for effort by an athlete, in order to increase the competition efficiency, is possible.
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The Influence of Various Fitness Forms on the Reduction of the Adipose Tissue

51%
Adamczyk J., Brzezek-Żukowska K., Boguszewski D.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 3
154-160
EN
Background: An assessment of the influence of a six-week cycle of fitness activities on the state of the adipose tissue in students and an assessment of the efficiency of chosen fitness exercises (STEP, LOW and TBC) in the reduction of the adipose tissue.Material/Methods: Subjects performed physical exercises of the fitness character within a period of 6 weeks. Exercises took place three times a week. Three types of fitness forms of the same intensity were chosen for the research: STEP, LOW and TBC. The subjects were recommended a change in the hitherto existing way of nutrition. The parameters measured were: the height and the mass of the body and the thickness of chosen skin folds (on a shoulder, under a scapula, on the abdomen, on a shin).Results: Systematic participation in fitness exercises as aerobic forms is an efficient and a safe form of the reduction of the adipose tissue; however, six weeks' long STEP, LOW and TBC fitness forms with a frequency of 3 times per week, in the class of 75 examined students, did not bring statistically essential changes of these parameters in those examined. Without a change of the already existing diet, a decrease in the body mass was noted in 54.7% of them; however, a reduction of the adipose tissue followed in 58.7%. For the lack of the possibility of the inspection of the diet of the examined participants, this result can be considered as satisfying. LOW proved to be the activity most efficiently affecting the decrease in the body mass, where the reduction occurred in 61.5% of those exercising. TBC is the most efficient form in the reduction of the adipose tissue. The effect was obtained by 66.7% of those exercising in this class.Conclusions: The applied program of exercises did not have an essential influence on the reduction of both the body mass and the level of the adipose tissue. To prevent the occurrence of overweight and obesity, the applied program of exercises can be used as a form of everyday activity.
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An Attempt at the Identification of Anthropometric Conditioning of Sport Results in 400-Metre Men's Hurdles

51%
Adamczyk J., Siewierski M., Boguszewski D.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2010
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vol. 2
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issue 1
57-66
EN
Background: The purpose of this work is to verify the opinions concerning the preferred somatic build and to define current parameters of the model of the sports-master in 400-metre hurdles.Material/Methods: Data about the height and the body mass of the best world competitors in 400-metre hurdles have been used in the research. Results were divided into three levels: below 48 s; 48.00-48.99 s and 49.00-49.99 s. For all groups the following indexes were defined: Rohrer's, Quetelet I and Quetelet II. The dependence between the sports level and the somatic parameters were rated by means of the coefficient of Pearson's correlation. The differentiation between the somatic features in each group of proficiency, was evaluated by means of the t-Student test.Results: In 2006, statistically important relations between the sports result of best hurdlers and the value of Quetelet's II factor (0.03) was obtained. Then in 2007, the essential positive dependence (0.009) between the result and the value of Rohrer's factor was observed. None of the analysed parameters was found to be statistically important in every of the chosen years.Conclusions: Body height in the group of best hurdlers in most cases was located in values between 182.5-183.5 cm while the body mass between about 72-73 kgs. Besides, the hurdlers are characterized with the slender somatic build, which is proven by convincing values of slenderness indicators: Rohrer's (ca. 1.20), Quetelet's I (ca. 400) and Quetelet's II (ca. 22). Rohrer's factor is particularly valuable in this case.
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Sports Mass Age Therapy on the Reduction of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness of the Quadriceps Femoris

51%
Boguszewski D., Szkoda S., Adamczyk J. G., Białoszewski D.
Human Movement
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 4
234-237
EN
Purpose. Massage therapy is one of most commonly applied treatments during athletic training. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of sports massage therapy on reducing post-exercise quadriceps muscle soreness. Methods. A sample of 29 women aged 24-26 years was divided into an experimental group (n = 15) receiving classic sports massage therapy and a control group (n = 14) given no treatment. An exercise session consisting of five sets of deep squat jumps was administered after which lower limb power as assessed via the vertical jump test. Muscle soreness was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and exercise intensity with the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. Subsequent measurements of lower limb power and muscle soreness were performed 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the exercise session. Differences between the measurements were assessed by the Friedman and least significant difference tests while between-group comparisons involved the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. The largest decrease in lower limb power was observed between the first measurement after the exercise session and 24 h later (p < 0.01). The smallest decrease in power was observed in the massage group. The highest levels of muscle soreness were noted 24 h post-exercise in the massage group and 48 h post-exercise in the control group. The experimental group showed a decrease in muscle soreness in each subsequent measurement, with the results close to zero on the VAS 96 h postexercise. Conclusions. Massage therapy quickened recovery and improved muscle efficiency post-exercise and may serve as an effective treatment of muscle soreness. The analgesic effect of massage suggests it should be widely applied in sport, physical therapy and rehabilitation.
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Susceptibility to injury during a fall among blind children

51%
Boguszewski D., Zabłocka M., Adamczyk J.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2012
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vol. 26
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issue 2
63-70
EN
Introduction: The aim of this study was examine the relationship between ability of safe falls and occurrence injuries from the effect of falls, among blind children. Material and methods: More than one hundred children (10-16 years old) was in research and control groups. In the research group was 51 blind people, in control group 66 sighted in a proper manner. Test of Susceptibility to Injury During the Falls (TSIDF) by Kalina and interview directed to determine the number and frequency of falls and their consequences (number and type of injuries) and selected lifestyle factors were used as a research tools. Results: Blind children made more mistakes in test (TSIDF) than their non-disabled peers (although they are trained to safe falls). This may prove that a high susceptibility to injury of the children from the research group. However blind people had more injuries after the falls. Study confirmed positive effect of physical activity on the level of safe falls skills. Conclusion: Physical fitness, physical activity and especially exercises of safe falls skills can be important element of prevention of falls. This concern to high-risk groups, such as blind people.
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Influence of Physical Activity on Reduction of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

45%
Boguszewski D., Oko B., Szkoda S., Adamczyk J. G., Białoszewski D.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2015
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vol. 12
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issue 4
83-90
EN
The purpose of this study was to determine if physical activity of different intensity has an effect on reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness. Eighty women divided into two groups participated in the study. Subjects from Group 1 participated in the training of upper libs, whereas subjects from group 2 – in the training of lower limbs. Tests of power of upper limbs – the active overhang on the bar (Gr. 1) and power of lower limbs – the vertical jump test (Gr. 2), visual analog scale of pain (VAS) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used as investigative tools. The majority of studied women were characterized by the high level of physical activity. Physical activity level had strong positive correlation (r = 0.54; p < 0.001) with the reduction of pain. Taking into account the partition according to the kind of physical activity, there was observed some significant correlation between the diminution of delayed onset muscle soreness and the level of moderate activity and walking (relocating). Physical activity level positively correlated with the reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness. Moderate physical activity and walking proved to be the most beneficial from the reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness point of view.
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Functional assessment of children practicing ice hockey through Functional Movement Screen test

45%
Boguszewski D., Jakubowska K., Adamczyk J., Ochal A., Białoszewski D.
Physical Activity Review
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2017
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vol. 5
105-112
EN
Introduction. The high requirements in terms of physical fitness of hockey players may be a factor predisposing to injuries. The purpose of the study was to determine the functional limitations of the locomotor system of children practicing ice hockey. Materials and met hods. 104 children took part in the study, including 16 girls and 88 boys, divided into two groups. The first group consisted of children practicing hockey (n=38). The second group consisted of children who do not practice hockey (n=66). The research tool was the FMS test consisting of seven movement activities graded on a 0 - 3 scale. The Mann - Whitney U test was used to evaluate the differences between particular groups, and the Wilcoxon’s test was used to evaluate the differences between the sides. The rela tionships between the variables were established based on the rho Spearmann correlation. The minimal statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results. The boys practicing hockey obtained a significantly higher total result than the boys who are not hock ey players (p=0.008). The girls practicing hockey obtained a result close to their peers who do not play hockey. A significant positive correlation was observed between the age of the players and the result obtained in the FMS test in the group of hockey p layers (r=0.77; p<0.001), and between the training experience and the result of the test (r=0.49; p<0.01). Conclusion. The players obtained a significantly statistically higher result in the FMS test, which may indicate a higher level of functional fitness , resulting from a rational training and the acceleration of motor development.
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The effects of kinesiotaping applied to delayed-onset muscle soreness of the quadriceps femoris

45%
Boguszewski D., Szkoda S., Adamczyk J. G., Piesio S., Białoszewski D.
Physical Activity Review
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2020
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vol. 1
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issue 8
39-45
EN
The aim of this work was to estimate the effectiveness of kinesiotaping (KT) in the reduction of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the quadriceps femoris. 41 young women were examined. In the study, two groups applied kinesiotaping - the first with a relaxing application (Group 1); and the second with a lymphatic one (Group 2). Women from the control group used no treatment to help in the exertion restitution. All of the women performed a vertical jump test and training of their lower limbs (5 series of squat jumps). The research tools were the VAS scale (for the estimation of pain) and the Borg Scale (for a subjective estimation of the intensity of effort). The measurements (the vertical jump test and the intensification of the pain) were repeated 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the training where the exertion occurred. In all of the groups, the greatest regress of the vertical jump test was observed between the first and the second measurement - and this difference was statistically essential (p<0.01). The least fall in power was noticed in the women who had received the lymphatic KT application; while the greatest fall in results of vertical jump test was observed in the persons with the KT relaxing application. The greatest level of pain in Groups 1 and 2 was noted during the second measurement, which was 24 hours after the training; whereas in the control group, the greatest pain was observed in the third measurement. It can be concluded that the kinesiotaping has a bearing on the acceleration of the regeneration and increased the efficiency of the examined muscles.
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Evaluation of chosen health behaviors of disabled athletes

45%
Boguszewski D., Adamczyk J. G., Ochal A., Kurkowska B., Kamiński K.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2011
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vol. 25
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issue 4
57-62
EN
Introduction: A purpose of the work was diagnosis of chosen lifestyle elements of disabled athletes, compared to inactive disabled persons, characterized by similar kind and the degree of disability. Material and methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted on 150 disabled persons (31 women; 119 men), from among 98 were active athletes (wheelchair fencing n=32; wheelchair rugby n=31; table tennis n=14; basketball n=9 and other disciplines n=12). Totally 52 inactive disabled persons were in a control group. Juczyński’s Inventory of Healthy Behavior (IHB - where health behaviors are being judged in four categories: eating habits, preventive behaviors, the psychological attitude and health practice) and an author's questionnaire about lifestyle were used as a research tool. Results: Results show that physically active persons are paying the greater attention to healthy lifestyle than non-active. The total rate of health behaviors (HBR) was higher in the group of athletes (p=0.071). The biggest differences (p=0.000) were noted in eating habits and the smallest in preventive behaviors (p=0.408). Disabled athletes more easily cope with typical problems of the everyday life (like architectural barriers, social isolation). Also they have more often undertake paid work and take part in other fields (culture, tourism). Conclusions: During examination a positive effect of the practicing sport on health behaviors, the frame of mind, self-assessment and participation in the social and professional life was proved. So it seems reasonable to promote sport and physical activity among disables people.
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Susceptibility To Injury During Falls In Women Practising Combat Sports And Martial Arts

39%
Boguszewski D., Adamczyk J. G., Kerbaum K., Antoniak B., Obszyńska-Litwiniec A., Białoszewski D.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 1
15-19
EN
Introduction. Martial arts and combat sports are practical sports that are being practised by an increasing number of women. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the ability of female judo, taekwondo and karate competitors to fall safely and their susceptibility to injuries during falls. Material and methods. A total of 120 persons participated in the research. The study group consisted of 45 female judo, taekwondo (WTF) and karate Shotokan competitors; in the control group there were 75 persons who did not practise sport professionally. The research tools included the Test of Susceptibility to Injury during Falls (TSIDF) developed by Kalina and a questionnaire designed by the authors. Results. The female martial arts competitors had considerably lower TSIDF results (p<0.001), which means that they made fewer errors when performing motor tasks. The mean result of the TSIDF was 2.48 for the study group and 6.08 for the control one. Significant differences (p<0.001) were found between the groups for all types of errors and all of the motor tasks. Conclusions. Women practising combat sports and martial arts made significantly fewer errors in the Test of Susceptibility to Injuries During Falls, which can be seen as evidence for the practical usefulness of the training they are undergoing.
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The evaluation of health-related behaviours between the physically active and non-active women

39%
Boguszewski D., Adamczyk J. G., Kowalska S., Sado-Drapała J., Lewandowska M., Białoszewski D.
Polish Journal of Public Health
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2015
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vol. 124
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issue 1
10-13
EN
Introduction. In the face of the more and more general threat with civilization diseases the promotion of healthy lifestyle should be one of main activities of educational and medical institutions. Aim. The aim of the work was comparison of chosen elements of healthy lifestyle between the young physically active women and non-sports ones. Material and methods. The survey was carried out on 156 women aged 18-35 years, divided into two groups. Persons physically active were classified into Group 1 (n=72), whereas into Group 2 - non-active ones (n=84). The investigative tool was the Inventory of Health-Related Behaviours by Juczyński (where health-related behaviours were rated in four categories: proper nutrition habits, prophylaxis behaviours, and positive attitude and health practices). Differences between the data were qualified with the t-student test for independent groups; level p≤0.05 was accepted as of minimum significance. Results. The results show that physically active persons pay greater attention to healthy lifestyle than non-sports people. The general indicator of health-related behaviours was noticeably higher in Group 1 (p=0.007). Greatest differences (p=0.008) were noted within the range of nutritional habits, and the least significant ones - in positive attitude (p=0.546). Conclusion. The positive influence of the physical activity on other aspects of the healthy lifestyle has been proven. It seems legitimate to promote physical activity among women of every age
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Using thermal imaging to assess the effect of classical massage on selected physiological parameters of upper limbs

39%
Boguszewski D., Adamczyk J. G., Urbańska N., Mrozek N., Piejko K., Janicka M., Białoszewski D.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2014
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vol. 6
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issue 1
EN
Study aim: the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between classical sport massage of the hand and the forearm and the surface temperature of upper limb muscles, and between hand grip strength and the range of motion in the radiocarpal joint. Material and methods: study participants comprised 35 women not engaging in competitive sport, aged 19–23 years. Thermal images were taken with a Flir A325 camera. Hand grip strength was measured using an analogue dynamometer. The range of motion in the radiocarpal joint was measured using a goniometer. All tests and measurements were performed twice: directly before and after the massage of the hand and the forearm (of the right limb). Classical massage was applied on the dorsal and palmar surfaces of the hand and on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the forearm. Results: after the massage, the temperature of the right limb increased significantly, as did the temperature of the posterior surface of the left limb. However, no change in temperature was observed on the anterior surfaces of the left forearm and the left arm. A significant increase in the range of motion in the right radiocarpal joint (in all planes) was observed. No significant differences in hand grip strength measured with a dynamometer were found before and after the massage. Conclusions: while classical sport massage increases muscle temperature, it does not improve effort capacity, and therefore it is not a sufficient means of preparing an athlete for physical effort. The massage increased the range of motion in the massaged limb, which mostly indicates the relaxing effect of the treatment.
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