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EN
Intergeneric hybridization was carried out between various accessions of Hordeum jubatum (4x) and cultivars of Triticum aestivum (6x) and Triticale (6x) as well as T.monococcum (2x) and between cultivars of Triticum aestivum (6x) and the hybrid (Horodeum jubatum 4x X Secale cereale 4x) in both directions.The hybrid progeny was obtained via embryo culture from crosses of H.jubatum x T.aestivum and T.aestivum x(H.jubtum 4x X S.cereale 4x).The hybrid of H.jubatum x T.aestivum was produced at the frequency of 1.7% in relation to pollinated florets and five hybrids of T.aestivum x (H.jubatum 4x x S.cereale 4x) from successful combinations were produced at the frequency of 2.00-4.88%.The hybrids exibited varitionin somatic chromosome number.In meiocytes of two T.aestivum x (H.jubatum 4x X S.cereale 4x) plants a high chromosome instability was also found.The chromosomes were associated mostly as univalents, but some pairings (0.03-3.50 per cell) mainly as rod bivalents were observed.
EN
Hybrids between Aegilops kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis with Secale cereale were synthesized. Five Ae. kotschyi and four Ae. biuncialis accessions, as well as one inbred and four self-compatible forms of Secale cereale were used for crossing. The hybrids were produced directly from cultured embryos or through embryo callus culture. Sixty hybrids, 11 involving Ae. kotschyi and 49 Ae. biuncialis, had a stable somatic chromosome number 2n = 3x = 21. The plants showed good vegetative vigour and tillering capacity. Morphologically the hybrids were intermediate between their parents and completely sterile. In vitro propagation of Ae. kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis ? S. cereale hybrids revealed that their capacity for callus production and plantlet regeneration ? varies.
EN
Hybrids (2n = 3x = 21) between Aegilops ovata and Secale cereale were produced via embryo rescue. Most hybrid morphological traits were intremediate between parents, the plants grew vigorously but were completely sterile. The average frequency of chromosome associations at metaphase I was 19.57-20.19 univalents and 0.40-0.86 rod bivalents. The fertility of the hybrids was restored by doubling their chromosome numbers by colchicine treatment and in vitro propagation. Selfed seeds were obtained from colchicine-doubled sectors and some callus regenerates. The seeds were mostly well formed and developed vigorous plants without embryo culture. Colchicine- and callus-derived amphiploids (2n = 6x = 42) resembled the F1 plants in overall morphology, but showed a lower tillering ability, broader leaves, thicker culms and larger spikes.
EN
In the presented hybridization programme of barley cultivars and rye inbred lines including 48 cross combinations the seed set ranged from 3.13 to 92.98%, while embryos were formed in 0.74 to 36.36% in successful pollinations.Sixty five plants were generated by embryo callus culture and one - by embryo culture without callus formation.The hybrids had somatic chromosome numbers 2n=14 (60 plants) and 2n=28 (6 plants).Plants obtained vie embryo callus culture showed good vegetative vigour and well-developed root system.Spike morphology of all plants resambled that of rye.Meiosis in 17 diploids showed 0.13-0.63 barley-barley and rye-rye bivalents with a chiasma frequency of 0.14-0.69 per cell. The hetromorphic bivalent-like configurations occured in five plants in 0.01-0.02 per cell.The amphidiploids had 7.79-10.71 barley-barley and rye-rye bivalents with the chiasm frequency of 9.36-17.75 per cell.All plants, with 14 and 28 chromosomes, were completly sterile both in backcrosses and when selfed.
EN
Amphiploids (2n = 6x = 42) of Ae. kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis with self-compatible S. cereale were produced from F1 sterile hybrids (2n = 3x = 21) through colchicine treatment and callus tissue regeneration. The amphiploids resembled the F1 plants in overall morphology, but were larger in all respects and self-fertile. The spikelets consisted mostly of 3 well-developed florets. Selfed seeds were obtained from some colchicine-doubled sectors and callus regenerates. Most of the produced seeds were well developed. Backcrosses between amphiploids and rye (2x and 4x) resulted in obtaining (Ae. biuncialis ? S. cereale amphiploid) ? S. cereale hybrids via embryo culture. The BC1 plants (2n = 4x = 28 and 2n = 5x = 35, respectively) were phenotypically intermediate between the parents and vigorous in vegetative growth. Some seeds were obtained only from the 35-chromosome BC1 hybrids.
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