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Physical Culture Patterns in the Lifestyle of the Polish Society

100%
Nowak M. A.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 1
3-7
EN
Society's lifestyles, influenced by the evolving preferences of values of subsequent generations, are subject to gradual changes. This variation in lifestyles requires a reflection on the patterns of physical culture and values amongst the youth, adults and the elderly. Patterns of physical culture shaped in the European tradition are also present in the contemporary lifestyles of all generations. People's choices concerning physical culture depend on the type and level of their physical activity, attitudes towards of the body, age, gender and education. In the classic physical types distinguished by Polish sociologists we can identify positive traits conducive to human development, traits inducing controversial attitude, and clearly negative ones that are health-threatening. In conclusion the paper puts forward a question about the direction of the development of physical culture patterns in future and the level of recognition of particular values by different generations. Some of the contemporary lifestyles arouse concerns of educators.
2
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Self-Esteem of People Who Practice Sport in Relation to Their Experiencing the Flow State and Their Style of Coping With Stress

63%
Marzena T., Nowak M. A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2019
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vol. 27
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issue 3
83-92
EN
The purpose of this work was to ascertain the association of the level of athletes’ self-esteem with their stress management and experiencing the flow state. The study included 56 men and 18 women, aged 19 to 25, who practiced sport and lived in Gorzów Wielkopolski and its vicinity. The following tools were employed: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, N.S. Endler and J.D. Parker’s Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and S. Jackson and D. Eklund’s Flow State Scale – 2. For the analysis of variables descriptive statistics, correlation measures (Pearson’s r) and regression analysis were used. It was found that there is a positive correlation at the level of 0.05 between high self-esteem and the task-oriented style of coping with stressful situations, and a significant negative correlation at the level of 0.01 between self-esteem and the emotion-oriented style of stress management. The level of self-esteem also correlates with experiencing the flow state. Self-esteem is an important predictor of the method of coping with stressful situations and experiencing the flow state. People with higher self-esteem achieve the state of a kind of felicity, an autotelic experience. They are aware of their own abilities, have the feeling that they effortlessly control their situation and themselves, and can distance themselves from the surrounding environment. In a stressful situation, they focus on the problem.
3
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The Conditions of Practicing Association Football by Women

63%
Zdunek B., Nowak M. A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2018
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vol. 22
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issue 2
39-50
EN
The aim of the work was to learn about the conditions of practicing football by women and to determine positive effects and negative stereotypes accompanying this discipline, the basis being the opinions of female players, as well as student self-government representatives. The study was conducted among 100 Polish female footballers from Exstraliga, 1st League and 2nd League, along with 31 members of student self-governments, representing all physical education universities in Poland. The diagnostic survey method was employed and the techniques of questionnaire, interview and participatory observation were used. For the statistical inference frequency of characteristics, the chi-square test of independence and multiple correspondence analysis were applied. The analyzes confirmed a significant correlation between the recognition of benefits of playing football by women, the perception of the functioning of negative stereotypes and the sporting level of the groups distinguished. The 2nd and 1st League players associated practicing football with the possibilities for developing their personality traits, physical fitness and health, and promoting the discipline (in each case p ≤ 0.05). All the footballers emphasized the risk of injury. The Extraliga players most often felt the stereotypical perception of female footballers as non-heterosexual (p ≤ 0.05). Attribution of non-heterosexuality to female footballers was confirmed by self-government activists (p ≤ 0.05). Women who played football showed a high tolerance toward non-heterosexual people. The Extraliga players were characterized by the highest tolerance (p ≤ 0.05). CPEU activists represented stereotypical views on the selection of typically feminine sports. Among ten disciplines suitable for women, they did not list women's football. There is an urgent need for public education to combat negative stereotypes concerning women practicing traditional male sports disciplines, as well as for tolerance toward people of a different sexual orientation.
4
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Motives for Commencing Studies and Expectations Concerning Professional Competence in Students who Practice, Used to Practice or Have Never Practiced Sports

51%
Radzińska M., Nowak L., Nowak M. A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2016
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vol. 13
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issue 1
37-47
EN
Aim: Economic development, connected with the concept of a society engaged in lifelong learning, demands that education produce optimal professional competences. The aim of this study was to determine the motives for the choice of physical education studies, and ascertain expectations concerning professional competences, as well as self-evaluation of competences acquired, in current and former athletes and non-athletes. Methods. 226 people were examined, all studying physical education at the Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, a branch of the University School of Physical Education in Poznan. Purposive sampling was used (Radzińska, Nowak, L., Nowak, M., 2013). The study included current (22.6%) and former athletes (31.8%) as well as non-athletes (45.6%). A diagnostic survey was employed, with the use of the techniques of auditorium questionnaire, interview and document analysis. In order to draw statistical conclusions, the trait frequency and the independence χ2 test were used. Results. Former athletes more often reported having been motivated to choose the studies by their interest in employment with institutions of physical culture while non-athletes by their wish to obtain jobs in schools (p ≤ 0.05). Expectations of competence in physical education methodology were indicated by all respondents, slightly more often by former athletes and non-athletes (p ≤ 0.05). For current athletes, competence in physical fitness was important. Psycho-pedagogical competence in motivating schoolchildren to work was expected by most students (84.5%), slightly more often by former athletes and non-athletes (p ≤ 0.05). Respondents rated their preparation for employment with regard to foreign languages and preparation for scientific work as average and fair, and their selfeducation ability and computer skills as good.
5
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MOTIVES FOR CHOOSING STUDIES AS PREDICTORS OF CAREER PLANS OF TOURISM AND RECREATION STUDENTS

51%
Nadobnik J., Tarnowski M., Nowak M. A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2017
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vol. 18
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issue 2
107-118
EN
The decreasing number of students at the Polish education system, the expectations of the labor market and the needs of employers are forcing the higher education system to make changes in programs and models of teaching. Upon graduation, a student should be prepared to meet the increasing demands of the employment market, which expects graduates to have high professional and language competencies, related to, among others, modern technologies. The aim of the research conducted at the Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion of the University of Szczecin was to ascertain the motives for the students’ choice of studies in the field of Tourism and Recreation in the context of their career plans. 49 first-cycle students and 39 second-cycle students aged between 20 and 25 were examined. In the study the diagnostic survey was employed, with the use of the techniques of questionnaire, observation and interviews. For the statistical inference frequency of characteristics, chi-square test of independence and multiple correspondence analysis were applied. It was found that the most important motives for studying Tourism and Recreation were interest in physical recreation, love of traveling, and desire to explore the world and disseminate a healthy lifestyle through active recreation. Students who chose the field of study consistent with their interests were planning to find jobs in a profession consistent with their education.
6
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The Fan Lifestyle On The Example Of Soccer Fans

51%
Brzana T., Nowak L., Nowak M. A.
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EN
The aim of this study was to investigate chosen aspects of the lifestyle of soccer fans. Methods. The study was conducted among 200 fans. In the study a diagnostic survey was employed, with the use of the techniques of questionnaire, interview, document analysis and participant observation. In order to draw statistical conclusions, the trait frequency, the independence χ2 test and multiple correspondence analysis were used. Results. The community of active fans is characterized by various kinds of behavior. Fans aged 15–19, for whom important motives for cheering were the opportunity to be with a group and a sense of connectedness, as well as a sense of strength and power, declared consumption of alcoholic beverages before matches. For fans aged 20–24, who more often practiced combat sports and exercised in the gym, an important motive for cheering was the opportunity to meet their friends and let off steam during the match. They regarded devastation of sports facilities and burning scarves as acts of hooliganism. Fans aged 25–29, and 30 or above admitted that they sometimes consumed alcoholic beverages before the game. Conclusions. There is a necessity to educate children and youth in sports cheering.
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