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1

Chromosome polymorphism and C-banding variation of the brachypterous grasshopper Podisma sapporensis Shir. (Orthoptera, Acrididae) in Hokkaido, northern Japan

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Bugrov A., Warchalowska-Sliwa E., Tatsuta H., Akimoto S.
Folia Biologica
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3-4
137-152
EN
The grasshopper Podisma sapporensis consists of two main chromosome races in Hokkaido. The western group of populations of P. sapporensis, belonging to the XO race, has a diploid number of chromosomes 2n=23 in the male and 2n=24 in the female (sex determination XO male/XX female). The eastern group of populations of this species, belonging to the XY race, differs from the western one as a result of Robertsonian translocation between the originally acrocentric X chromosome and M5 autosome in homozygous state, having resulted in the forming of chromosome sex determination neo-XY male/neo-XX female (2n=22). These races are geographically isolated by the mountainous system consisting of the Mts Daisetsu and Hidaka range, occupying the central part of the island. The hybrid zones between the races have not so far been discovered. Various levels of polymorphism for the pericentric inversions and C-banding variation exist in different chromosomes throughout populations in both chromosome races. In some solitary populations (the population at the summit of Mt Yotei, populations in the vicinity of Naganuma, Oketo, and Tanno) pericentric inversions are fixed in some pairs of chromosomes, which enables marking of the discrete karyomorphes. In the Mt Daisengen population all chromosomes are two-armed as a result of fixing the pericentric inversions. These facts contradict karyotypical conservatism of the tribe Podismini. The level of diversity of P. sapporensis karyotypes could provide a new perspective on the evolutionary process of different karyotype in Orthoptera. The considerable occurrence of polymorphism in chromosomes suggests that karyotypic diversification is undergoing in P. sapporensis. The authors also proposed that P. sapporensis would be divided into four chromosome subraces in the XO chromosome race and two chromosome subraces in the XY race, on the basis of karyotypic features. These races may have been established by fundamental climatic changes during the glacial epoch.
2

B chromosomes, translocation between B and autosomes, and C-heterochromatin polymorphism of the grasshopper Podisma sapporensis Shir. (Orthoptera, Acrididae) in Hokkaido, northern Japan

100%
Warchalowska-Sliwa E., Bugrov A., Tatsuta H., Akimoto S.
Folia Biologica
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1-2
63-75
EN
Seven categories of B chromosomes found in the brachypterus grasshopper Podisma sapporensis from Hokkaido populations differ in structure, size, and C-band content. The interchange between B and one autosome from M3 and sporadically M7 was observed in most of the populations examined. Such an interaction between standard and non-standard chromosomal set provides an insight into the integration of supernumerary chromosome. In addition, C-heterochromatin polymorphism was also identified in male karyotypes in some populations. These facts indicate P. sapporensis is a highly polymorphic species from the cytogenetic point of view.
3

Karyotypic featurets of Eyprepocnemidini grasshoppers from Russia and Central Asia with reference to the B chromosomes in Eyprepocnemis plorans (Charp.)

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Bugrov A., Warchalowska-Sliwa E., Vysotskaya L.
Folia Biologica
|
1999
|
vol. 47
|
issue 3-4
97-104
EN
Karyotypes and C-banding patterns of grasshoppers, members of the subfamily Eypre- pocnemidinae Thisoicetrinus pterostichus (F.-W.), Heteracris adspersa (Redt.), Eypre- pocnemis unicolor Tarb., Eyprepocnemis plorans (Charp.), and Shirakiacris shirakii (I. Bol.) are described. Chromosome complements of these species are composed of 23 acro- centric chromosomes in the male. The sex-determining mechanism is X0_/XX_. The B chromosomes were observed in the Northern Caucasus population of E. plorans. There was no evidence for any significant effect of 2Bs on either mean chiasma frequency or between cell-variance. There was a significant increase in the mean chiasma frequency for specimens with 1B.
4

C-banded karyotypes of some dragonfly species from Russia. II. The Families Cordulegasteridae, Corduliidae, and Gomphidae

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Perepelov E., Bugrov A., Warchalowska-Sliwa E.
Folia Biologica
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3-4
175-178
EN
The C-stained karyotypes of five species of three dragonfly families from Western Siberia and Kunashir Island have been analysed. Gomphus epophtalmus Sel., G. vulgatissimus (L.), Nihonogomphus ruptus (Sel. et Hag.) (Gomphidae), and Anotogaster sieboldii (Sel.) (Cordulegasteridae) showed usual character of C-heterochromatin distribution, all chromosomes have terminal C-bands. Somatochlora graeseri Sel. (Corduliidae) has unique for dragonflies type of terminal C-blocks on autosomes. Three pairs of autosomes have the very large heterochromatic blocks, other chromosomes, including the X, have no C-band.
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