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1
100%
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vol. 85
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issue 5
289-293
EN
Mammotome biopsy is an effective, minimally invasive, novel technique used in the verification of breast lesions.The aim of the study was to assess the value of ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted core needle biopsy (mammotome biopsy) in the diagnostics and treatment of nodular breast lesions, considering own data.Material and methods. Analysis comprised 1183 mammotome biopsies under ultrasound control performed in 1177 female patients during the period between 2000 and 2010, at the Regional Clinic for Early Diagnostics and Treatment of Breast Lesions, I Chair and Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum.Results. The average patient age amounted to 41.7 years. The size of the investigated lesions ranged between 4 and 65 mm (mean - 12 mm). The histopathological examination result was as follows: fibrocystic lesions (n=285), adenofibroma (n=477), adenosis sclerosans (n=188), hyperplasia without atypy (n=58), phyllode tumor (n=2), papilloma (n=14), hamartoma (n=1), atypical hyperplasia (n=25), in situ ductal carcinoma (n=4), in situ lobular carcinoma (n=5), infiltrating ductal carcinoma (n=114), infiltrating lobular carcinoma (n=4), non-diagnostic result (n=6). The histopathological diagnosis was obtained in 99.5% of cases. Patients diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia or cancer were qualified for surgery, according to accepted standards. The presence of a hematoma was the most common complication after the biopsy, observed in 16.5% of patients.Conclusions. The obtained results confirmed the high value of ultrasound-guided biopsies in the diagnostics of nodular breast lesions. The method is safe, minimally invasive, with few complications, providing a good cosmetic effect. In case of benign lesions with a diameter of less than 15 mm the mammotome biopsy enables to completely excise the lesions, being an alternative to open surgical biopsies. The mammotome biopsy should become the method of choice considering the diagnostics of nodular breast lesions.
EN
Intraductal papilloma is a benign breast tumor which needs histopathological verification because of the risk of cancer coincidence. The aim of the study was to assess the value of the mammography-guided and ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted core biopsy in the diagnosis and treatment of intraductal papillomas of breast and to answer the question if mammotome biopsy allows to avoid surgery in these patients. Material and methods. In the period 2000-2011, a total of 2246 vacuum-assisted core biopsies were performed, of which 1495 were ultrasound-guided and 751 were mammography-guided (stereotaxic). In 76/2246 patients (3.4%), aged 19-88 years (mean age was 51,5) histopathological examination confirmed intraductal papilloma. Results. Atypical lesions were accompanying intraductal papilloma in 16/76 cases (21%). Open surgical biopsy performed in these group revealed invasive cancer in 3 women. In all 60 cases (79%) with benign papilloma in biopsy specimens, further clinical observation did not show recurrence or malignant transformation of lesions. Conclusions. Vacuum-assisted core biopsy is a minimally invasive and efficient method used for diagnosing intraductal papilloma of the breast. If histopathological examination confirms a benign character of the lesion, surgery may be avoided but regular follow-up is recommended. However, in all cases histopathological diagnosis of papilloma with atypical hyperplasia, should always be indication for surgical excision.
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Letters to the Editor

87%
EN
Esophageal achalasia, one of the most common motor activity disturbances of the upper gastrointestinal tract, continues to pose a significant diagnostic and therapeutic problem, especially in patients with milder forms of the disease.The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare treatment results (pneumatic dilatation, cardiomy-otomy) in patients with esophageal achalasia, as well as determine the usefulness of intraoperative, continuous manometric monitoring of the corrected segment of the "esophagogastric junction" (evaluation of myotomy).Material and methods. The study group comprised 104 patients, including 71 female and 33 male, treated at the Department during the period between 1997 and 2004. The mean patient age was 43.5 years, ranging between 19 and 75 years. The duration of the disease ranged between 5 months and 22 years.Every patient was subjected to endoscopy, histopathological, radiological and manometric examinations, before treatment. The therapeutic model was based on a two-staged management process. During the initial stage of therapy, patients were subjected to 2-3 pneumatic dilatations. A lack of response to treatment was considered treatment failure and these patients qualified for surgery - Heller's myotomy with antireflux treatment (fundoplication). Cachectic patients requiring immediate surgical intervention were excluded from the study.Results. Following pneumatic dilatation, good or very good results were obtained in 73 (70.2%) of the 104 patients. Procedures were repeated in only 8 (11%) patients, due to the recurrence of dysphagia. The remaining 31 (29.8%) patients underwent surgery with simultaneous intraoperative manometric control of the performed myotomy.Conclusions. Based on the obtained results, one can confirm the significant efficacy of pneumatic dilatation, which is considered the ultimate therapy. In the case of patients in whom we were not able to obtain good clinical results, one observed improved esophagogastric passage, which in turn improved nutritional parameters before planned surgical intervention.Intraoperative esophageal manometry enabled us to accurately evaluate the correctness of myotomy, which seemed to be an indispensable element in the prevention of disease recurrence.
EN
Postoperative gastrointestinal fistulae occur more often in patients undergoing surgical treatment for oncological reasons than non-oncological reasons. Fistula is associated with a number of serious sequelae and complications: fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, acid-base abnormalities, local and systemic infection and progressive cachexia that increase morbidity, treatment duration and mortality. Development of fistula additionally delays or prevents specific treatment in oncology. For a patient, a fistula is associated with both physical and mental suffering resulting from concern over further therapy.Although the introduction of advanced surgical techniques, intensive postoperative care, total parenteral nutrition and modern enteral nutrition, resulted in decreased postoperative mortality, however the number of patients with gastrointestinal fistulae hospitalized in the departments of surgery is not decreasing. This may result from the fact that many patients still present for treatment in the advanced phase of their malignancy (clinical stage III/IV according to International Union Against Cancer - UICC) and consequently in worse general status, which poses a high risk of postoperative complications and requires more extensive procedures in progressively older patients. Thus gastrointestinal fistulae still remain a serious clinical problem. Main components of treatment of fistulae include: adequate draining, fighting of infections, artificial nutrition and drugs that decrease gastrointestinal secretion (e.g. somatostatin) that are intended to create conditions for spontaneous fistula healing. Some cases may require an early or late surgical intervention.
8
64%
EN
Primary adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix is a rare clinical condition. It usually presents as an acute abdominal process or as a mass in the right lower quadrant. The gross pathologic and microscopic characteristics of this disease are the same as for colon carcinoma and carry a serious prognosis. We report a case of a 64-year old male patient presenting symptoms of acute appendicitis. The patient underwent laparoscopic appendectomy that revealed a severely inflamed appendix. Histopathological examination has shown that it was a poorly differentiated, high grade adenocarcinoma invading the periappendicular fat. According to the histopathological findings, a right hemicolectomy was further advised and performed. Right hemicolectomy is the generally recommended method of treatment for invasive adenocarcinoma of the appendix
EN
Gall-stone disease constitutes a serious clinical problem and is the most frequent cause of elective cholecystectomies. There are many etiopatogenic factors however; lithogenic bile and its stasis due to gall-bladder hypomotility seem to be the most important. In recent years discovery of pacemaker function of Interstitial Cells of Cajal changed our understanding of smooth muscle physiology and helped to disclose many gastrointestinal motility disorders. The aim of the study was identification and quantification of interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs) in gall-bladder muscle wall from patients with cholelithiasis and in gall-stone-free controls, as well as determination of the relationship between the number of ICLCs and Cholesterol Saturation Index (CSI) of bile in both analyzed groups. Material and methods. 20 patients operated for symptomatic cholelithiasis were enrolled into the study group. The control group consisted of 20 patients operated for pancreatic head tumors, with no pre- and intraoperative signs of gall-stones. Identification of ICLCs in the gall-bladder was performed by means of double immunofluorescence technique with anti c-Kit and anti-mast cell tryptase antibodies. Quantitative analysis was carried out under fluorescence microscopy conjoined with image analysis software. Bile samples were used for calculation of CSI. Results. ICLCs were detected within gall-bladder muscle wall. Number of ICLCs was statistically significantly lower in patients from the study group as compared to control. The study also revealed statistically significantly higher CSI in the study group. Conclusions. The quantity of ICLCs is diminished in the gall-bladder from patients with cholelithiasis and there is negative correlation between the number of ICLCs and CSI of bile. Regarding the role of ICCs in regulation of GI tract motility, it appears that reduction in their number may be important etiopatogenic factor of cholelithiasis.
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