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DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF SELECTED SALIVARY PROTEOMICS FOR AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT

100%
Dobrek L.
Acta Neuropsychologica
|
2020
|
vol. 18(2)
285-303
EN
The clinical assessment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning, enabling the diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy present in the course of many diseases, is currently based on performing simple cardiovascular reflexes (Ewing tests), analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) or heart rate turbulence (HRT), examining skin sweating or recording neurophysiological tests (e.g. microneurography). Laboratory assessment of ANS function is very scarce and practically only includes the plasma assessment of noradrenaline as a surrogate for the biochemical indicator of sympathetic activity. Recently, the possibility of evaluation of selected compounds present in saliva as laboratory markers of not only oral diseases but also systemic diseases has been raised. This work focuses on a brief description of the anatomy and physiology of the salivary glands and describes the formation of saliva, its composition and the use of this bodily fluid in laboratory diagnostics. In addition, the paper specifically discusses the possibility of determining selected compounds that are considered to reflect autonomic activity. A review of the literature indicates primarily four proteomics: two neuropeptides (vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) that are co-transmitters in autonomic fibers, chromogranin A, a synaptic vesicle protein and α-amylase, a hydrolytic enzyme pre-digesting carbohydrates in the oral cavity. These are currently the most widely investigated agents for their usefulness as laboratory markers of ANS activity.
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The influence of montelukast on the autonomic nervous system activity in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

51%
Dobrek L., Skowron B., Baranowska A., Thor P. J.
Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
|
2015
|
vol. 28
|
issue 3
170-175
EN
The complex pathogenesis of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis involves arachidonic acid-derived inflammatory mediators, among them leukotrienes. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, is reported to exert an alleviatory effect in the course of cystitis associated with overactive bladder symptoms. The aim of this study was to verify whether the effect of montelukast is also associated with its influence on autonomic activity. The experiment included 20 rats with cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (75 mg/kg, four doses every second day), among them, 10 treated with oral montelukast (10 mg/kg for 8 days) and 10 controls. Time and frequency domain analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) were conducted in all the rats as an indirect measure of their autonomic activity. The montelukast-treated animals showed an increase in root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), as well as an increase in HRV spectrum total power (TP) and power of very low (VLF) spectral component. This suggests that due to its anti-inflammatory and its anti-leukotriene effect, montelukast improves overall autonomic activity, with no preferential influence on either the sympathetic or parasympathetic part. Furthermore, the increase in VLF corresponds to attenuation of inflammatory response. In conclusion, this study showed that aside from its antagonistic effect on leukotriene receptors, montelukast can also modulate autonomic activity.
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