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1
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Editorial

100%
Figlerowicz M.
BioTechnologia
|
2011
|
issue 1
2

RNA in biotechnology

100%
Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 4
23-29
EN
The studies conducted during the last decade revealed that RNA molecules play much more different roles in the living world than it had been expected earlier. They can function in biological systems as: carriers of genetic information, enzymes, cofactors inducing or mediating biochemical reactions, inhibitors which deactivate enzymes or agents that regulate cellular processes. Consequently, several new RNA-based methods and techniques have been elaborated. They permit to identify RNA molecules that display some specific properties, selectively induce gene silencing or gene expression in bacterial, plant and animal cells. Generally, it is becoming increasingly apparent that RNA-based technologies should be considered one of the major factors influencing further development of modern biotechnology.
3

Viral infections - prevention and therapy

100%
Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 1
7-23
EN
Despite extensive biomedical studies conducted during over the last decades, viral infectious diseases remain one of the most serious world heath problems. At the moment, one can distinguish three major ways of their prevention or treatment: immunisation, chemotherapy and immunomodulation. This article presents a broad spectrum of both widely used and presently developed methods of fighting viral infections.
4

RNA virus-derived expression vectors

64%
Siek A., Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 2
120-128
EN
Large-scale production of pure, properly folded and biologically active proteins is a requirement of industry as well as of basic sciences. Although many expression systems have been developed, not all of them entirely comply with the conditions of the synthesis of therapeuticals. The application of plants as bioreactors seems to be a promising solution for transient expression of recombinant genes. The article reviews some strategies used in the construction of RNA virus-derived vectors risen for this purpose.
5

RNAi as a tool for functional genomics

52%
Kisiel A., Podkowinski J., Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 2
104-119
EN
Sequencing eukariotic genomes generates a large amount of sequence data. There is an urgent need for developing fast and effective methods of functional analysis of newly discovered genes. Postranscriptional gene silencing can be applied for functional genomics of plants and animals. A large scale analysis of C. elegans genome has been already performed. For mammals and plants, current work focuses on constructing high-throughput silencing vectors.
6
Publication available in full text mode
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Transcriptome sequencing: next generation approach to RNA functional analysis

52%
Jackowiak P., Figlerowicz M., Żmieńko A.
BioTechnologia
|
2011
|
issue 4
7
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Animal Dicer and plant Dicer-like proteins

52%
Figlerowicz M., Podkowiński J., Tworak A., Urbanowicz A.
BioTechnologia
|
2013
|
issue 1
8

DNA microarrays in medical diagnostics

52%
Handschuh L., Magacz T., Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 2
95-112
EN
Many techniques of molecular biology have already been successfully applied in medicine. It seems that in the nearest future, DNA microarrays can also become a usefull tool in medical practice. They enable early and precise diagnostics, help to identify disease, predict its outcome and monitor its treatment. DNA microarrays are most frequently applied in medical sciences to detect chromosomal aberrations (CGH arrays), screen single nucleotide mutations (SNP arrays), identify pathogens and profile gene expression. Recently, especially designed DNA microarrays have been introduced to profile the expression of microRNA genes. The majority of projects involving DNA microarr tcWUWF ays have been devoted to cancer research. Here, the most prominent examples are described.
9
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

High throughput protein production

52%
Figlerowicz M., Tworak A., Podkowiński J.
BioTechnologia
|
2011
|
issue 2
10
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

The fruitful coexistence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Ixodes ticks

52%
Figlerowicz M., Lewandowski D., Urbanowicz A.
BioTechnologia
|
2013
|
issue 1
11

RNA recombination in the virus-transgenic plant system ? the risk of creating a new virus

52%
Urbanowicz A., Alejska M., Figlerowicz M., Bujarski J. J.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 2
129-140
EN
It is generally assumed that RNA recombination is one of the major driving forces in the evolution of plant viruses. This process leads to rearrangements of viral genomes and plays an important role in adaptation, genome repair and genetic variability of RNA viruses. It has been observed that viruses could recombine not only with each other, but also with mRNA of transgenic plants expressing viral genes. This observation has given rise to new concerns about creating virus-resistant transgenic plants, because the recombination could generate the viruses with new properties that were different from the parental strains. In this article, we present the current state of knowledge about recombination between transgens and challenging virus, we discuss what may happen in a field during interaction between the virus and the transgenic plant, and we propose strategies that allow to control the virus-transgene crossovers.
12

Plants as the reactors for production of biopharmaceuticals

52%
Jasinski M., Banasiak J., Frankowska M., Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 3
53-66
EN
Modern biotechnology is looking for a new source of high quality pharmaceuticals. Interestingly, many of such pharmaceuticals are often natural products provided by plants. An example is a vast array of secondary metabolites. Apart from extraction of these compounds from plant material, many different strategies have been proposed to efficiently produce some of them, using suspension cell cultures. Plants are also a good source of many recombinant proteins, offering a possibility of posttranslational modifications which are limited in prokaryotes. Efficient systems of stable and transient heterologous protein expression for the industrial scale were developed. Here, we briefly introduce such strategies and give examples of different plant products obtained by applying them.
13

DNA microarrays in structural and functional genomics

52%
Zmienko A., Handschuh L., Goralski M., Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 4
39-53
EN
DNA microarrays or DNA chips were introduced in the middle nineties and have developed as a very powerful tool for structural and functional analysis of genomes. With thousands to millions of probes deposited on each microarray, it is now possible to perform various kinds of analysis on the genome-wide scale. The basic use of microarrays is gene expression profiling. For this purpose, both one- and two-color labeling methods are used. More sophisticated DNA microarrays allow for analyzing alternative splicing, DNA-protein interactions, chromatine modifications and many more. Currently, DNA microarrays represent an indispensable tool in biology and medicine.
14

Identification of transcriptionally active regions with genome tiling microarrays

52%
Zmienko A., Guzowska-Nowowiejska M., Plader W., Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 4
101-114
EN
Genome tiling microarrays, covering whole genomic sequence, have gained increasing popularity in transcript mapping studies. Functional analysis of model eucaryotic and procaryotic genomes proved their sensitivity and versatility in discovering actively transcribed regions of the genomes. Many novel proteins coding genes, miRNA coding genes, antisense transcripts and other non-protein coding regulatory RNAs, transcribed from introns, intergenic and centromeric regions have been identified this way. Their expression can often be linked to specific developmental stages, organs or stress response in plants and animals, giving further insight into processes which were considered to be already well characterized.
15

Reverse transcriptase as the enzyme responsible for the genetic variability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

52%
Kurzynska-Kokorniak A., Jaskolski M., Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 1
24-34
EN
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, belongs to the particularly dangerous and, as a result, the most extensively studied viruses. Until now no effective method protecting against this pathogen has been developed. The major problem is the unusual genetic diversity of HIV, which helps the virus to escape from immunological response and to produce drug-resistant mutants. Most of the collected data suggest that HIV-encoded reverse transcriptase (HIV RT) is the main factor responsible for the continuos generation of new viral variants. There are two primary mechanisms involved in the generation of HIV mutants: high error prone replication and genetic RNA recombination. In this article both processes are discussed in detail.
16

Aptamers RNA as potential antiviral drugs

52%
Tyczewska A., Figlerowicz M., Twardowski T.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 2
153-164
EN
SELEX is a method of the identification of high affinity aptamers for a surprising variety of molecular targets including nucleic acid binding proteins, non-nucleic acid binding proteins as well as small organic molecules. The aptamers against enzymes involved in infectious, malignant diseases are still being discovered by the process of SELEX. This procedure might be a way of finding new drugs that specifically and effectively block viral replication, e.g. HIV.
17

RNAi, PTGS and quelling - three variations on one subject?

52%
Szweykowska-Kulinska Z., Jarmolowski A., Figlerowicz M.
|
EN
In 1990, it was already discovered that plant transformation with a transgene containing its homologue in the plant nuclear genome is able to promote silencing of both the transgene and the homologous, endogenous gene. The phenomenon was named posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) or co-suppression. The same results were obtained when a transgene was introduced into the nuclear genome of fungus Neurospora crassa. This process was termed quelling. In 1998, RNAi (RNA interference) was discovered in the Caenorhabditis elegans worm. Specific gene silencing occurred after the introduction into the worm of cells of double stranded RNA with sequence complementarity to the endogenous gene. It was shown that RNAi operates at the stage of the mature mRNA in the cytoplasm. dsRNAs are converted into siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) due to the Dicer enzyme activity. siRNAs are incorporated into the RISC (RNA ? induced silencing complex). Active RISC promotes specific mRNA degradation. RNAi/PTGS/quelling processes show many mechanistic similarities, but they also differ in some details. All of them represent an ancient mechanism that probably evolved to protect eukaryotic cells against invasive forms of nucleic acids like viruses, transposons, and others.
18

DNA microarray data anlysis

52%
Stepniak P., Handschuh L., Figlerowicz M.
|
EN
The paper gives an overview of common methods applied in microarray data analysis. High density oligonucleotide and low density home made microarray types are being considered. Presented exploration procedures follow preprocessing and higher analysis steps, including example methods. Describing higher analysis algorithms we focus on implementation of pattern search and machine learning approaches.
19

Methodological aspects of proteomic analyses involving two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

52%
Luczak M., Figlerowicz M., Wojtaszek P.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 2
7-26
EN
Proteomics is a scientific discipline that focuses on the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures, functions and interactions. The proteome is the full complement of proteins expressed by genome. During the last decade, thanks to subset of proteomic techniques and workflows, it has been possible to identify: diagnostic protein biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets and also biotechnologically important plant proteins, like those that give a plant resistance to drought. Over the last years, proteomics has generated a relatively large number of reviews on technical aspects and concepts. Although total automation and reproducibility are possible, the protocols of protein isolation and separation are sample specific. Moreover, most of them address the development of optimal sample preparation protocols of mammalian cells and tissue. In contrast, plant proteomics is still in its infancy, probably because plant material is very recalcitrant. The objective of this review is to pay attention to some methodological aspects of proteomic analyses using 2DE and mass spectrometry, especially in the case of plant material.
20

Flavonoids' structure, properties and particular function for legume plants

52%
Jasinski M., Mazurkiewicz E., Rodziewicz P., Figlerowicz M.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 2
81-94
EN
Plants produce a vast array of secondary metabolites. There are three major groups of them: terpenes, nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites and phenolics. These molecules have a great impact on biology of plants and environment. Here, we briefly introduce flavonoids ? one of the largest class of plant phenolics. Their biosynthesis, properties and different functions are presented. Special attention is paid to legume plants and a role of flavonoids as signaling molecules in symbiosis. For human nutrition, flavonoids represent compounds with health-promoting activities and such properties for some of them are also indicated.
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