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Assessing Diversity and Abundance of Soil Microarthropods in Three Discrete Plots of Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Ashrama, Narendrapur, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

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Saha S., Sarkar M., Raychaudhuri D.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2020
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vol. 31
58-69
EN
This paper is a study of diversity and seasonal abundance of soil inhabiting arthropod fauna and their interrelationships with the edaphic factors like temperature, moisture and pH in flower garden, vegetable garden and uncultivated area dominated by weeds in Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama Campus, Narendrapur, South - 24 Parganas, West Bengal. The soil arthropods were collected with the help of Berlese-Tullgren funnels. Altogether, 591 arthropods belonging to 7 different groups viz., Acarina, Arachnida, Collembola, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Psocoptera were extracted from each of the three plots every month during the entire survey period (August 2018 – July 2019). Microarthropod abundance was found to be greater in uncultivated areas (266 individuals) as compared to that of the flower and vegetable gardens where different agronomic practices are adopted and traditional means of garden nurturing viz. tilling, raking, weeding, etc. are followed. Of the total population in all three plots, mites were the most dominant group (37.06%), followed by ants (25.21%) & springtail (19.29%) populations. Soil arthropods populations are greater in the monsoon season (227 individuals), followed by premonsoon (188 individuals) & postmonsoon (176 individuals).
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Spider Faunal Diversity of Barasat and Basirhat, 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

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Saha S., Das I., Raychaudhuri D.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2017
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vol. 15
49-85
EN
The present study is on the spider fauna of Barasat and Basirhat of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. A total of 23 species belonging to 20 genera and 11 families are sampled during the period August 2016 to July 2017. These include the newly recorded species, Anepsion maritatum (O.P. Cambridge) from the state. The dominant guild is constituted by the Orb web weavers (30.43%). Analysis of their zoogeographical distribution reveals that the fauna apart from being Oriental also includes some Australian (23%), Palaearctic (21.73%) and Ethiopian, Nearctic and Neotropical (each 17.39%) elements. Spiders are mostly prevalent during Postmonsoon (82.60%), followed by Premonsoon (60.86%) and Monsoon (47.82%) which is in conformity with the incidence of the insect species. Two species namely Eriovixia excelsa (Simon) and Leucauge decorata (Blackwall) are recorded throughout the period of survey. All the diversity indices are higher in case of Basirhat as compared to Barasat. An overall negative impact of urbanization on spider diversity, distribution and abundance is evidenced from the present study. Ranking sequence of the most abundant species (six) in descending order are: Leucauge decorata (25.68%) > Eriovixia excelsa (19.13%) > Pholcus phalangioides (11.48%) > Plexippus paykullii (8.74%) > Anepsion maritatum (7.10%) > Cyrtophora cicatrosa (6.56%). Sex ratio (♀ : ♂) is about 12 : 1. Availability of food/season and/or cannibalism may be the factors for female dominated society.
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Myrmecophilous association between ants and aphids – an overview

100%
Saha S., Das T., Raychaudhuri D.
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EN
Ant-aphid mutualism is considered as a beneficial, reciprocal and myrmecophilous association. Ants farm aphids, harvesting honeydew or flesh, in return protect the aphids from their natural foe i.e. predators and parasites and perhaps for other benefits like acceleration of aphid’s growth and reproductive rate and in the establishment of aphid colony. And finally aphid could get a pest status. Some of the aphid species are better adapted to profit from the presence of ants than others and benefits are more marked in small populations than in large ones (Saha & Raychaudhuri, 1998). Therefore, it seems essential to know about the interacting ants, their relationship with aphids in any agroecosystem for a better management strategy. The present paper attempts to document the aphids and aphidocolous ants against different host plants. Our investigation during August, 2017 – July, 2018 results a total of 40 aphid infested host plants along with 7 species of aphidocolous ants. Out of 10 aphid species recorded Aphis gossypii (Glover) is tended by more no. of ant species (5) followed by Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) by four (4) species of ants. Aphidocolous ants demand serious attention as their attendance promotes aphids to reach pest status as well as ant populations need a check so that they may take care of fewer aphid individuals.
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