Search results

1

Plant height and yield components of inbred isogenic and F1 hybrid Rht dwarf wheats

100%

Flintham J. E., Gale M. D.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1998

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vol. 39

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issue 1

73-83

EN

Single and double-gene Rht1, Rht2, Rht3, Rht1 + Rht2 and Rht3 + Rht2 isogenic lines of wheat in four parental rht varieties were grown in drilled yield trials at four sites in 1989. The same lines were also grown in 1988 together with hybrid genotypes from CHA (chemical hybridising agent) F1 production plots. In the inbred lines shorter than one metre, Rht alleles reduced total shoot biomass by shortening the straw; mass of straw per unit plant height was unaffected. Highest grain yield was obtained from plant heights between 70 and 100 cm. The Rht genotype achieving this stature varied according to parent varietal height. The hybrids grown allowed comparisons between intra- and inter-varietal crosses over a range of Rht genotypes. In F1 hybrids positive heterosis was observed for plant height, grain yield and mean grain weight. Highest yields were obtained from inter-varietal hybrids carrying one, two or three doses of Rht1 or Rht2 or one dose of Rht3. An Rht3/rht hybrid showed resistance to premature ?-amylase production during grain ripening.

2

Inheritance of resistance to Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. in some spring barley cultivars

100%

Kozera W., Roszko A.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1995

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vol. 36

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issue 2

119-127

EN

The inharitance of resistance to loose smut (Ustilago nuda) in seven cultivars of spring barley has been examined.The performed showed that, resistance to two different groups of U.nuda races in respect of their virulance is determined by a single allele pair in the cvs.Anoidium and Inerme 2-r and by two allele pairs in the cvs. CI 13 662, Dorsett, Jet and OAC 21.In the cv,Abyssinian, resistance to a group of races 2 is determined by a single allele pair, whereas that to a group of races 4 - by two allele pairs.In all studied cultivars (except Anoidium) the resistance dominates over sensivity.Resistance to the both studied groups of U.nuda races is determined by a similar genes in the cvs. Dorsett and CI 13 662, as well as in Dorsett and OAC 21.No similarity was found between resistance genes in the case of two allele pairs in the cvs. Jet, Abyssinian and CI 13 662 (group of races 4) as well as in Jet, Dorsett and OAC 21 (in both groups of races), and in the case of single allele pair in the cvs.Inerme-2-rowed and Abyssinian (group races 2).

3

Two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns of total proteins, esterases and acid phosphatases from pollen, seeds and leaves of three cultivars of Helianthus annuus L.

100%

Kalinowski A., Klimko M., He L., Kluza M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

|

2002

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vol. 43

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issue 4

437-450

EN

Total proteins, esterases and acid phosphatases from pollen, seeds and leaves of three sunflower cultivars were separated by 2-D electrophoresis. The characteristic peptides for each cultivar were identified. The seeds and pollen of the cultivar Wielkopolski contained 45 and 37 characteristic peptides, respectively, while the seeds and pollen of Coril contained 73 and 35 characteristic peptides. The cultivar Frankasol had the lowest total number of stained peptides in seeds and pollen, and the number of the characteristic peptides was only 61 and 25, respectively. Analyses of esterases and acid phosphatases from young leaves and pollen led to identification of isoenzymes characteristic of the three cultivars. Only for Frankasol no specific acid phosphatase was observed, both in leaves and in pollen.

4

Mosaic cri-du-chat syndrome in a girl with a mild phenotype

100%

Azevedo M. d. L. M., Carvalho_de A. F. L., Freitas_ B. d. A. L. V., Pinto P. S. P., Silveira A., Freitas_de L. M., Lourdes_ L. F. d. M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2008

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vol. 49

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issue 4

415-420

EN

We report on the clinical observation of a girl patient with few signs of cri-du-chat syndrome. The chromosomal analysis in lymphocyte culture showed 46,XX,del(5)(p15.3) in 38% of cells. Psychological tests revealed motor, perceptive and visual-spatial problems, as well as immaturity and emotional dependence. The phoniatric evaluation showed poor vocabulary, difficulty with repeating words or numbers in sequence, and better receptive than expressive language. The spectrographic measurements showed disturbance of fundamental frequency (F0) in vocal pronunciation. The anatomic findings of the laryngoscopic evaluation were normal, indicating that the voice and speech problems were functional disorders. The present case revealed moderate clinical signs and vocal disturbance associated with a low percentage of 5p- cells and the breakpoint at 5p15.3. The short terminal deletion with a possible loss of the critical region for cat-like cry and the presence of a normal cell line, explain the cry not so typical at birth (weak but not high-pitched), the intermediate values of F0, and the moderate mental retardation. This case is compared with other mosaic 5p- patients reported in the literature.

5

Curvilinear inbreeding effects on some performance traits in laying hens

100%

Szwaczkowski T., Cywa-Benko K., Wezyk S.

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issue 3

341-342

EN

Quadratic partial regression coefficients were estimated for the inbreeding level on five performance traits (body weight, average egg weight, age at first egg, percentage of fertilized eggs, and hatchability of set eggs) of two strains of laying hens. Data on 5631 of H77 layers and 3563 of N88 layers from nine consecutive generations were analysed. Only dams were accounted for. Partial regression coefficients were estimated by REML with a single-trait animal model, which included fixed effects (generation and hatching period) and random effects (additive genetic and error effects). The mean inbreeding level was 0.87% in strain H77 and 1.08% in strain N88. The inbreeding effects were analysed based on the quadratic partial regression equations. A slight inbreeding depression was found for all the traits analysed in N88. In strain H77, negative effects of inbreeding were only noted for body weight and average egg weight. The small inbreeding effects shown here resulted from a relatively low level of homozygosity in the populations studied. The strains were found to differ in the effects of inbreeding. It is worth pointing out that differences were noted both between the inbreeding depression estimated from the partial linear regression equation and the quadratic partial regression equation, as well as different inbreeding levels.

6

DNA polymorphism among barley NILs of cv. Pallas, carrying genes for resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei)

100%

Czembor P. C., Czembor J. H.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2004

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vol. 45

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issue 2

183-187

EN

Barley powdery mildew, caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is an important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used to detect DNA polymorphism among 7 Pallas near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying Mla3, Mla12, Mlk, Mlp, Mlat, Mlg and MlLa genes for resistance to B. graminis f. sp. hordei. From among 500 random 10-mer primers tested, 3 were specific for NIL P2 (Mla3), 1 for P10 (Mla12), 6 for P17 (Mlk), 46 for P19 (Mlp), 4 for P20 (Mlat), 6 for P21 (Mlg), and 4 for P23 (MlLa). The results of this study demonstrated that the RAPD technique is a useful tool for detecting DNA polymorphism among Pallas NILs.

7

Severe clinical course of Hirschsprung disease in a Mowat-Wilson syndrome patient

100%

Smigiel R., Szafranska A., Czyzewska M., Rauch A., Zweier C., Patkowski D.

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vol. 51

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issue 1

111-113

EN

We present a clinical case of a female infant with multiple anomalies and distinctive facial features, with an exceptionally severe clinical course of Hirschsprung disease. The girl was also diagnosed with Mowat-Wilson syndrome, confirmed by molecular analysis as a heterozygous deletion of the ZEB2 gene. Moreover, molecular karyotyping revealed a deletion involving further genes (KYNU, ARHGAP15, and GTDC1).

8

The influence of OLA-DRB1 (MHC class II) gene polymorphism on lamb body weight and weight gain in Polish Heath Sheep

100%

Gruszczynska J., Charon K. M., Kitlinska J., Szydlowski M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2000

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vol. 41

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issue 2

101-112

EN

The study aimed at analysing the OLA-DRB1 (exon2/microsatellite sequence in intron2) gene polymorphism in Polish Heath Sheep and the influence of particular alleles on lamb body weight and weight gain. A total of 45 ewes, 7 rams and 100 lambs of Polish Heath Sheep were examined. In the parental generation 36 alleles of the OLA-DRB1 were found and the most frequent were 466bp, 500bp and 566bp (0.058, 0.125 and 0.067, respectively). In the investigated lambs there were 30 alleles with the highest frequency of 498bp, 500bp, 560bp and 566bp alleles (0.105, 0.210, 0.075 and 0.085, respectively).The presence of certain OLA-DRB1 alleles in ewe and lamb genotypes was found to be associated with significant differences in lamb rearing results. The significant or highly significant influence on body weight at birth and weight gain during the first month of lamb's life were observed in the case of the following alleles: 464bp, 466bp, 470bp, 488bp, 494bp, 538bp and 576bp in lambs; 468bp, 470bp, 474bp, 514bp, 536bp and 548bp in ewes.

9

Variety discrimination in pea (Pisum sativum L.) by molecular, biochemical and morphological markers

100%

Smykal P., Horacek J., Dostalova R., Hybl M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2008

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vol. 49

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issue 2

155-166

EN

The distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) requirements involve expensive, space- and time-consuming measurements of morphological traits. Moreover, for a majority of traits, interactions between genotype and environment complicate the evaluation. Molecular markers have a potential to facilitate this procedure, increase the reliability of decisions, and substantially save the time and space needed for experiments. We chose 25 varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) from the list of recommended varieties for cultivation in the Czech Republic, and made both a standard classification by 12 morphological descriptors and a classification by biochemical-molecular markers. Two isozyme systems, 10 microsatellite loci, 2 retrotransposons for multilocus inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), and 12 retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) DNA markers were analysed. The main objective of the study was to examine the potential of each method for discrimination between pea varieties. The results demonstrate a high potential and resolving power of DNA-based methods. Superior in terms of high information content and discrimination power were SSR markers, owing to high allelic variation, which was the only biochemical-molecular method allowing clear identification of all varieties. Retrotransposon markers in RBIP format proved to be the most robust and easy to score method, while multilocus IRAP produced informative fingerprint already in a single analysis. Isozyme analysis offered a fast and less expensive alternative. The results showed that molecular identification could be used to assess distinctness and complement morphological assessment, especially in cases where the time frame plays an important role. Currently developed pea marker systems might serve also for germplasm management and genetic diversity studies.

10

Lack of carriers of citrullinaemia and DUMPS in Indian Holstein cattle

100%

Patel R. K., Singh K. M., Soni K. J., Chauhan J. B., Sambasiva R. K. R. S.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2006

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vol. 47

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issue 3

239-242

EN

The present study investigated the occurrence of 2 autosomal recessive genetic diseases, bovine citrullinaemia and deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS), in Indian Holstein cattle. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was performed on a group of 642 animals, mainly HF and HF crossbred cattle, to identify carriers of these diseases. None of the animals were carriers of citrullinaemia or DUMPS. It is possible that with the mounting selection pressure, the international gene pool may diminish, and consequently the risk of dissemination of inherited defects will increase. It is therefore recommended to screen breeding bulls for their breed-specific genetic diseases before they are inducted in artificial insemination programmes, to minimize the risk.

11

Incidence of hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in the city of Szczecin, north western Poland

100%

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vol. 38

|

issue 1

103-114

EN

The study population consisted of 140 consecutive colorectal cancer patients, inhabitants of the city of Szczecin, north west Poland, who were histopathologically diagnosed in the period of 2 years 1991 1992. Family history was obtained in 124 (88.6%) of patients. A definitive diagnosis of HNPCC was established if requirements of the International Collaborative Group on HNPCC (ICG HNPCC) were met. Suspected HNPCC were recognised according to criteria described by Ponz de Leon or Mecklin or Kunitomo. HNPCC as defined by International Collaborative Group on HNPCC was identified in 2 (1.6%) families. Suspected HNPCC were recognised in 16.9%, 3.2% and 4.0% of patients if Ponz de Leon or Mecklin or Kunitomo criteria were applied, respectively. In our series in 19 of 124 cases, colorectal carcinomas were diagnosed in patients under 50 years of age. Only in one of these cases, features characteristic of HNPCC other than young age were found which suggests that in our region the frequency of somatic or germ line de novo mutations in genes predisposing to colorectal cancer may be high. Our results suggest that the frequency of HNPCC inherited from ancestors in Poland and other countries is approximately similar and this syndrome is common disease everywhere.

12

High divergence rate of sequences located on different DNA strands in closely related bacterial genomes

100%

Mackiewicz P., Mackiewicz D., Kowalczuk M., Dudkiewicz M., Dudek M. R., Cebrat S.

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2003

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vol. 44

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issue 4

561-584

EN

One of the common features of bacterial genomes is a strong compositional asymmetry between differently replicating DNA strands (leading and lagging). The main cause of the observed bias is the mutational pressure associated with replication. This suggests that genes translocated between differently replicating DNA strands are subjected to a higher mutational pressure, which may influence their composition and divergence rate. Analyses of groups of completely sequenced bacterial genomes have revealed that the highest divergence rate is observed for the DNA sequences that in closely related genomes are located on different DNA strands in respect to their role in replication. Paradoxically, for this group of sequences the absolute values of divergence rate are higher for closely related species than for more diverged ones. Since this effect concerns only the specific group of orthologs, there must be a specific mechanism introducing bias into the structure of chromosome by enriching the set of homologs in trans position in newly diverged species in relatively highly diverged sequences. These highly diverged sequences may be of varied nature: (1) paralogs or other fast-evolving genes under weak selection; or (2) pseudogenes that will probably be eliminated from the genome during further evolution; or (3) genes whose history after divergence is longer than the history of the genomes in which they are found. The use of these highly diverged sequences for phylogenetic analyses may influence the topology and branch length of phylogenetic trees. The changing mutational pressure may contribute to arising of genes with new functions as well.

13

Dde I RFLP at the 5'region of bovine kappa-casein gene

100%

Kaminski S.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1996

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vol. 37

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issue 2

173-178

EN

The bovine kappa-casein (CASK) gene is known as a potential quantitative trait locus in dairy cattle breeding.However, the molecular basis of the effect of the CASK allele B on different milk properties remains unclear.In this report, a 214 bp fragment of the 5' untranslated region of CASK gene containing 5 potential consensus sequences for different transcription factors was PCR-amplified to find RFLPs.A Dde I RFLP was identified.IN population of 112 Bos taurus (86 cows and 26 bulls of Polish Black and White crossbred Holstein-Friesian) and 7 Bisons bonasus individuals, 7 had no recognition sites for Dd I, 23 were hetrozygous and 89 were cut completly into two fragments.

14

Antigenic markers of protein genes and their nomenclature in cattle

100%

Wegrzyn J., Skiba E.

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vol. 38

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issue 3

319-327

EN

The results of previous research on antigenic (allotypic) specificities of immunoglobulins, alpha globulins, beta globulins and lipoproteins in cattle are reviewed. The suitability of heteroantibodies and alloantibodies for identification of this type of markers was analysed. New names/symbols of antigenic markers of proteins in cattle, identified at the Department of Immuno and Cytogenetics of the National Research Institute of Animal Production (Balice/Krak?w, Poland), were introduced.

15

Chromosomal localization of a novel repetitive sequence in the Chenopodium quinoa genome

100%

Kolano B., Plucienniczak A., Kwasniewski M., Maluszynska J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2008

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vol. 49

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issue 4

313-320

EN

In this study, a novel repetitive sequence pTaq10 was isolated from the Taq I digest of the genomic DNA of the pseudocereal Chenopodium quinoa. Sequence analysis indicated that this 286-bp monomer is not homologous to any known retroelement sequence. FISH and Southern blot analysis showed that this sequence is characterized by an interspersed genomic organization. After FISH, hybridization signals were observed as small dots spread throughout all of the chromosomes. pTaq hybridization signals were excluded from 45S rRNA gene loci, but they partly overlapped with 5S rDNA loci. pTaq10 is not a species-specific sequence, as it was also detected in C. berlandieri.

16

Combining microsatellite and pedigree data to estimate relationships among Skyros ponies

100%

Bomcke E., Gengler N.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2009

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vol. 50

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issue 2

133-143

EN

The main objective of this study was to develop a new method to estimate relationship coefficients by combining molecular with pedigree data, which is useful for specific situations where neither pedigree nor molecular data are complete. The developed method was applied to contribute to the conservation of the Skyros pony breed, which consists of less than 200 individuals, divided into 3 main herds or subpopulations. In this study, relationships between individuals were estimated using traditional estimators as well as the newly developed method. For this purpose, 99 Skyros ponies were genotyped at 16 microsatellite loci. It appeared that the limitation of the most common molecular-based estimators is the use of weights that assume relationships equal to 0. The results showed that, as a consequence of this limitation, negative relationship values can be obtained in small inbred populations, for example. By contrast, the combined estimator gave no negative values. Using principal component analysis, the combined estimator also enabled a better graphic differentiation between the 3 subpopulations defined previously. In conclusion, this new estimator can be a promising alternative to traditionally used estimators, especially in inbred populations, with both incomplete pedigree and molecular information.

17

Reciprocal controlled crosses between Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo verified by a species-specific cpDNA marker

100%

Wachowiak W., Lewandowski A., Prus-Glowacki W.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2005

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vol. 46

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issue 1

41-43

EN

A species-specific marker of cpDNA (paternally inherited in pines) was used to verify the hybrid origin of seedlings from controlled reciprocal crosses between Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo. A very low degree of compatibility between those two species has been revealed. In the three consecutive years of experiments, no filled seeds were obtained in the combination with P. mugo as the seed parent. From P. sylvestris as the seed parent and P. mugo as the pollen donor, we succeeded to obtain four filled seeds (about 1 %), but only in one year. The seedling obtained from the seeds had cpDNA haplotypes specific to P. mugo, which proves their hybrid origin. This method enables verification of the result of controlled crosses. The importance of the results has been discussed in the aspect of postulated natural hybridisation in sympatric populations of the two species.

18

A novel mitochondrial intergenic spacer reflecting population structure of Pacific oyster

100%

Aranishi F.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2006

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vol. 47

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issue 2

119-123

EN

Nucleotide sequence divergence in a novel major mitochondrial DNA intergenic spacer (IGS) of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was analyzed for 29 cultured individuals within the Goseong population (Korea). A total of 7 variable sites were detected within the IGS, and the relative frequency of nucleotide alteration was determined to be 1.16%. All alterations were due to a single nucleotide substitution, and 5 transitions and 2 transversions were observed. Among 29 specimens, only 8 haplotypes could be identified, and 6 of the haplotypes were unique to particular specimens. Pairwise genetic diversity of all 8 haplotypes was calculated to be 0.412 ? 0.134 from multiple sequence substitutions based on the two-parameter model. The phylogenetic tree obtained for these haplotypes according to the neighbor-joining method illustrated a single cluster of linkages, which comprised 5 haplotypes associated with 23 specimens, while the other 3 haplotypes associated with 6 specimens were scattered. The results indicate that the IGS is higher polymorphic and thus more suitable as a genetic marker for population structure analysis of Pacific oyster than the mtDNA coding regions, such as cytochrome c oxidase I and 16S ribosomal RNA genes.

19

Cytological and genetic evaluation of anther culture-derived doubled haploids in barley

100%

Szarejko I., Fakl D. E., Janusz A., Nabialkowska D.

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vol. 38

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issue 4

437-452

EN

Gametoclonal variation among anther culture-derived plants of three barley genotypes was estimated on the basis of cytological analysis (DH1, DH2 generation), observation of morphological variants (DH2, DH3) and chlorophyll mutation test (DH2, DH3). Individual head rows were grown in the field to detect possible chimeric structure of regenerants and to assess the number of variants and mutations in each line. Spontaneously doubled plants were the most frequent class (70%) among regenerants and almost 90% of them were completely fertile. There was a difference in proportion of haploids produced by different genotypes, but the highest frequency observed did not exceed 21%. The remaining regenerants were tetraploid, and contained chromosomal mutations or chimeras. In total, there were about 15% of polyploids and plants carrying chromosomal aberrations (translocations, inversions) among DH1 individuals. The changes in chromosome number and structure were the main source of observed variation. The level of gene mutation induced in vitro was relatively low. No more than 1% of microspore-derived plants expressed visible morphological changes in DH2 progeny. Only two morphological variants derived from the Bruce cultivar proved to be homozygous mutants (dwarf type) stable up the to third generation. The frequency of DH plants carrying chlorophyll mutation was 5.8%, but most of them (82%) were chimeric and had only a small mutation sector. The level of gametoclonal variation depended on the donor plant genotype. The highest proportion of variants and mutations was observed among DH plants derived from the Bruce cultivar, while the lowest was recorded among plants regenerated from anther culture of the doubled haploid line H930-36. Mechanisms leading to the observed variation and implications resulting from the presented experiments concerning implementation of anther culture in barley breeding were discussed. It was concluded that this method resulted in a high frequency of spontaneous doubling, a low frequency of genetic changes, and being less time and effort-consuming than the 'Bulbosum' technique, can be applied to most barley breeding programs.

20

Linkage and interdependence of A2MD1 and A2ME2 alpha2 macroglobulin genes in cattle

100%

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vol. 38

|

issue 2

187-193

EN

The transmission of previously described genes A2MD1 and A2ME2 that determine antigenic markers of alpha2 macroglobulins A2mD1 and A2mE2 in cattle was studied. The starting point for the analyses was the lack of individuals negative for both markers in the population of 3551 Black and White, Red and White, Polish Red and Simmental cattle and interbreed crosses. Controlling of these specificities by allelic genes or genes from closely linked loci was considered. To support or reject this hypothesis, the independence test 2 x 2 and analysis of segregation of A2mD1 and A2mE2 in the offsprings of all phenotypic matings found and of selected matings in which genotypes of sires were determined, were used. It was found that the observed segregation of antigenic markers in the offsprings rules out the possibility that they are determined by allelic genes. The results obtained show that markers A2mD1 and A2mE2 are controlled by the genes A2MD1 and A2ME2 from closely linked loci. Moreover it seems that only those haplotypes are transmitted in which both genes - A2MD1 and A2ME2, or one of them - A2MD1 or A2ME2, are present. No haplotype would then be transmitted (would occur?) in which both genes are in the recessive form.

Refine search results

Plant height and yield components of inbred isogenic and F1 hybrid Rht dwarf wheats

Inheritance of resistance to Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. in some spring barley cultivars

Two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns of total proteins, esterases and acid phosphatases from pollen, seeds and leaves of three cultivars of Helianthus annuus L.

Mosaic cri-du-chat syndrome in a girl with a mild phenotype

Curvilinear inbreeding effects on some performance traits in laying hens

DNA polymorphism among barley NILs of cv. Pallas, carrying genes for resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei)

Severe clinical course of Hirschsprung disease in a Mowat-Wilson syndrome patient

The influence of OLA-DRB1 (MHC class II) gene polymorphism on lamb body weight and weight gain in Polish Heath Sheep

Variety discrimination in pea (Pisum sativum L.) by molecular, biochemical and morphological markers

Lack of carriers of citrullinaemia and DUMPS in Indian Holstein cattle

Incidence of hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in the city of Szczecin, north western Poland

High divergence rate of sequences located on different DNA strands in closely related bacterial genomes

Dde I RFLP at the 5'region of bovine kappa-casein gene

Antigenic markers of protein genes and their nomenclature in cattle

Chromosomal localization of a novel repetitive sequence in the Chenopodium quinoa genome

Combining microsatellite and pedigree data to estimate relationships among Skyros ponies