The study presented a case of a 58-year-old male patient treated for retroperitoneal fibrosis, right hydronephrosis, and right common iliac artery stenosis and saccular aneurysm of the above-mentioned vessel. The patient was qualified for endovascular treatment. Stentgraft implantation was performed with good long-term patency during more than 3 years of follow-up. Complete relief of intermittent claudication was observed. However, the endovascular exclusion of the aneurysm did not influence the course of retroperitoneal fibrosis
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious complication after cardiac surgery with a variety of clinical risk factors. It was hypothesized that genome variants predispose these patients to it. Material and methods A cohort of 509 adult Caucasians undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery were observed for postoperative ARDS defined by the Berlin definition. Clinical variables and 10 single-nucleotide variants of genes involved in inflammatory pathways were analyzed for associations with four groups, defined by paO2/fiO2 (PF) ratio: 1) no ARDS (PF > 300 mmHg), 2) mild ARDS (200 < PF ≤ 300 mm Hg), 3) moderate ARDS (100 < PF ≤ 200 mm Hg), and 4) severe ARDS (PF ≤ 100 mmHg). Variables remaining in trends at p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results The prevalence of ARDS was 7.9%. Only LBP1 rs2232582 remained in a genotypic trend with ARDS aggravation (p = 0.08). Clinical variables associated with ARDS aggravation: impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.04), pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.01), intraoperative hypotension (p = 0.009), and postoperative day 1 white blood cell count (p = 0.015). More aggravated ARDS was associated with longer mechanical ventilation (p=0.01) and length of stay in ICU (p = 0.002). Conclusions The borderline association with LBP1 rs2232582 and the identified risk factors suggest possible involvement of the LPS-LBP1 pathway in ARDS of the INFLACOR cohort.
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious complication after cardiac surgery with a variety of clinical risk factors. It was hypothesized that genome variants predispose these patients to it. Material and methods: A cohort of 509 adult Caucasians undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery were observed for postoperative ARDS defined by the Berlin definition. Clinical variables and 10 single-nucleotide variants of genes involved in inflammatory pathways were analyzed for associations with four groups, defined by paO2/fiO2 (PF) ratio: 1) no ARDS (PF > 300 mmHg), 2) mild ARDS (200 < PF ≤ 300 mm Hg), 3) moderate ARDS (100 < PF ≤ 200 mm Hg), and 4) severe ARDS (PF ≤ 100 mmHg). Variables remaining in trends at p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The prevalence of ARDS was 7.9%. Only LBP1 rs2232582 remained in a genotypic trend with ARDS aggravation (p = 0.08). Clinical variables associated with ARDS aggravation: impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.04), pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.01), intraoperative hypotension (p = 0.009), and postoperative day 1 white blood cell count (p = 0.015). More aggravated ARDS was associated with longer mechanical ventilation (p=0.01) and length of stay in ICU (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The borderline association with LBP1 rs2232582 and the identified risk factors suggest possible involvement of the LPS-LBP1 pathway in ARDS of the INFLACOR cohort.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of continuous monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) for detection of brain ischemia during carotid endarterectomy.Material and methods. We performed 44 carotid endarterectomies using regional anesthesia, with simultaneous regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring in both hemispheres of the brain.Results. Oxygen saturation in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the operated carotid artery dropped from 65.1±8.1 to 58.2±10.7 after carotid artery cross-clamping. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.005). Oxygen saturation in the hemisphere contralateral to the operated artery did not demonstrate a difference between that before or after carotid artery closure (65.7±9.2 and 66.1±10.2, respectively, p=0.1). In five patients (11.4%) carotid artery clamping was associated with the appearance of neurological deficits. Shunt usage was necessary in four cases; the rSO2 decreased by 19.2±14% in this group. In the group without neurological deficit during carotid clamping, the rSO2 decreased by 9.7±10.3% (the difference between groups with and without neurological deficit was not statistically significant, p=0.5). In patients with a rSO2 drop above 20%, the sensitivity of the cerebral oximetry was 20% and specificity 97.5%, while the negative predictive value was 90.7%.Conclusions. Continuous cerebral oximetry is a simple and non-invasive method of patient monitoring during carotid endarterectomy. The rSO2 decreases significantly after the ICA clamping. The sensitivity of cerebral oximetry in prediction of neurological deficit during the procedure is low. Defining the threshold value of rSO2 decrease after ICA clamping as an indication for shunt was not possible with the results of this study.
There is increasing evidence that genetic variability influences patients' early morbidity after cardiac surgery performed using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The use of mortality as an outcome measure in cardiac surgical genetic association studies is rare. We publish the 30-day and 5-year survival analyses with focus on pre-, intra-, postoperative variables, biochemical parameters, and genetic variants in the INFLACOR (INFLAmmation in Cardiac OpeRations) cohort. In a prospectively recruited cohort of 518 adult Polish Caucasians, who underwent cardiac surgery in which CPB was used, the clinical data, biochemical parameters, IL-6, soluble ICAM-1, TNFα, soluble E-selectin, and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms were evaluated for their association with 30-day and 5-year mortality. The 30-day mortality was associated with: pre-operative prothrombin international normalized ratio, intra-operative blood lactate, postoperative serum creatine phosphokinase, and acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy (AKI-RRT) in logistic regression. Factors that determined the 5-year survival included: pre-operative NYHA class, history of peripheral artery disease and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intra-operative blood transfusion; and postoperative peripheral hypothermia, myocardial infarction, infection, and AKI-RRT in Cox regression. Serum levels of IL-6 and ICAM-1 measured three hours after the operation were associated with 30-day and 5-year mortality, respectively. The ICAM1 rs5498 was associated with 30-day and 5-year survival with borderline significance. Different risk factors determined the early (30-day) and late (5-year) survival after adult cardiac surgery in which cardiopulmonary bypass was used. Future genetic association studies in cardiac surgical patients should account for the identified chronic and perioperative risk factors.
Exsanguination is an underestimated cause of treatment failures in patients with severe trauma or undergoing surgery. In some patients the primary dysfunction of blood clot formation is a direct cause of a massive blood loss. Patients without previous coagulation disorders are at risk of coagulopathy following intraoperative or post-traumatic bleeding, where the local haemostasis does not warrant bleeding cessation.The aim of the study was to assess the therapeutic value of various components of a complex interdisciplinary approach, based on the opinion of the experts treating patients with massive bleeding.Material and methods. The study was conducted by anonymous questionnaire, using the analogue representation of the argument strength. The results were analyzed based on the techniques of descriptive statistics. The argument was considered a key parameter, when the median value of strength was located in the highest quartile.Results. It was found that the arguments of the highest strength for the risk of developing the posthaemorrhagic coagulation disorders are: loss of more than one third of blood volume, fluid therapy in an amount greater than 35 ml / kg, administration of more than 5 units of packed red blood cells, insufficient supply of fresh frozen plasma and platelets in proportion to packed red blood cells, severe acidosis and hypothermia. The most important tests for post-haemorrhage coagulopathy are: anatomically non-localized bleed, abnormal values of the standard coagulation parameters and fibrinogen level below 1 g / L. In the treatment of post-haemorrhagic coagulopathy the team of experts pointed out the benefits of antifibrinolytic drugs, concentrates of prothrombin complex and recombinant activated coagulation factor VII.Conclusions. Multidisciplinary therapeutic management of bleeding patients is associated with employment of appropriate treatment methods to achieve the best possible outcome. Factors influencing the development of coagulopathy, the methods of diagnosis and proposed techniques of treatment may facilitate therapeutic decisions in bleeding patients requiring massive transfusion of blood components.
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