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Open Physics
|
2011
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
123-130
EN
The Cotton-Mouton effect in sheared plasma with helical magnetic lines is studied on the basis of the equation for complex amplitude ratio (CAR). A simple model for helical magnetic lines in sheared plasma of toroidal configuration is suggested. The equation for CAR in the sheared plasma is solved by perturbation method, using the small shear angle deviations as is characteristic for tokamak plasma. It is shown that the inaccuracy in polarization measurements caused by deviations of the sheared angle amounts to some percentage of the shearless Cotton-Mouton phase shift. One suggested method is to subtract the “sheared” term, which may improve the accuracy of the Cotton-Mouton measurements in the sheared plasma.
Open Physics
|
2006
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
1-7
EN
An analytical example in elementary functions is presented (2D Gaussian beam diffraction in free space), which demonstrates the divergence of the geometrical optics (GO) series when the conditions for its applicability are violated. This example shows that accounting for higher terms in GO power series leads to divergence and therefore becomes completely useless beyond the boundaries of GO applicability.
Open Physics
|
2008
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3
563-568
EN
The main methods describing polarization of electromagnetic waves in weakly anisotropic inhomogeneous media are reviewed: the quasi-isotropic approximation (QIA) of geometrical optics method that deals with coupled equations for electromagnetic field components, and the Stokes vector formalism (SVF), dealing with Stokes vector components, which are quadratic in electromagnetic field intensity. The equation for the Stokes vector evolution is shown to be derived directly from QIA, whereas the inverse cannot be true. Derivation of SVF from QIA establishes a deep unity of these two approaches, which happen to be equivalent up to total phase. It is pointed out that in contrast to QIA, the Stokes vector cannot be applied for a polarization analysis of the superposition of coherent electromagnetic beams. Additionally, the ability of QIA to describe a normal modes conversion in inhomogeneous media is emphasized.
EN
Polarization properties of electromagnetic waves, double-passed through magnetized plasma, are studied. Analyses are performed in the case of non-interacting normal modes, propagating in homogeneous and weakly inhomogeneous plasmas, and for three kinds of reflectors: metallic plane, 2D corner retro-reflector (2D-CR), and cubic corner retro-reflector (CCR). It is shown that an electromagnetic wave, reflected from a metallic plane and from a CCR, contains only “velocity-preserving” channels, whose phases are doubled in comparison with those of a single-passage propagation. At the same time, an electromagnetic wave reflected from a 2D-CR is shown to contain both “velocity-preserving” and “velocity-converting” channels, the latter converting the fast wave into the slow one and vice-versa. One characteristic feature of “velocity-converting” channels is that they reproduce the initial polarization state near the source, which might be of practical interest for plasma interferometry. In the case of circularly polarized modes, “velocity-preserving” channels completely disappear, and only “velocity-converting” channels are to be found.
EN
The method of paraxial complex geometrical optics (CGO) is presented, which describes Gaussian beam diffraction in arbitrary smoothly inhomogeneous media, including lens-like waveguides. By way of an example, the known analytical solution for Gaussian beam diffraction in free space is presented. Paraxial CGO reduces the problem of Gaussian beam diffraction in inhomogeneous media to the system of the first order ordinary differential equations, which can be readily solved numerically. As a result, CGO radically simplifies the description of Gaussian beam diffraction in inhomogeneous media as compared to the numerical methods of wave optics. For the paraxial on-axis Gaussian beam propagation in lens-like waveguide, we compare CGO solutions with numerical results for finite differences beam propagation method (FD-BPM). The CGO method is shown to provide 50-times higher rate of calculation then FD-BPM at comparable accuracy. Besides, paraxial eikonal-based complex geometrical optics is generalized for nonlinear Kerr type medium. This paper presents CGO analytical solutions for cylindrically symmetric Gaussian beam in Kerr type nonlinear medium and effective numerical solutions for the self-focusing effect of Gaussian beam with elliptic cross section. Both analytical and numerical solutions are shown to be in a good agreement with previous results, obtained by other methods.
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