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Injury induced dendritic plasticity in the mature central nervous system

100%
Macias M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2008
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vol. 68
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issue 2
334-346
EN
Injury to the mature central nervous system (CNS) induces a series of transient changes leading not only to death of neurons, but also to spontaneous rearrangement of the affected network. One of such pro plastic events, detected following injury, is an increased level of neurotrophins. Neurotrophins are a family of proteins involved in survival and outgrowth processes. The other one, more difficult to observe, is a change in the complexity of the dendritic tree, causing arborization or pruning, depending on many circumstances: i.e. lesion etiology. Subsequent therapies like enriched environment or locomotor exercise bring about a functional improvement, which was found to further increase the neurotrophin level and induced additional arborization of dendrites. Another important consequence of damage to CNS connections is deafferentation, shown to induce a down regulation of outgrowth inhibitors. Their suppression in turn may facilitate dendritic plasticity. Taken together, these factors may contribute to enhanced plasticity in the injured mature CNS. Thus the proper use of endogenously increased plastic potential seems to be important for design and optimizing therapeutic strategies. Further investigation of mechanisms involved in switching on plasticity may help to improve on existing therapies and find new ways to obtain better recovery following injury.
2
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Numerical solution of fractional variable order linear control system in state-space form

63%
Malesza W., Macias M.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences
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2017
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issue 5
3
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Confocal visualization of the effect of short-term locomotor exercise on BDNF and TrkB distribution in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat: the enhancement of bdnf in dendrites?

51%
Macias M., Dwornik A., Skup M., Czarkowska-Bauch J.
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EN
Locomotor exercise increases neurotrophin BDNF and its receptor TrkBFL expression in the lumbar spinal cord. Involvement of BDNF/TrkBFL in synaptic transmission raises the questions which intracellular compartments are involved in this upregulation and whether exercise leads to redistribution of these proteins related to the duration of exercise. We have investigated the influence of short-term (7 days) locomotor exercise (ST) on intracellular distribution of BDNF and TrkBFL in the rat lumbar spinal cord comparing it with the effects of long-term (28 days) exercise (LT) described earlier. Immunofluorescence (IF) of proteins was analyzed with confocal microscopy. ST exercise caused a redistribution of perikaryonal BDNF IF toward periphery resulting in an increase of dendritic signal. In contrast to an enhancement of perikaryonal BDNF staining following LT, no increase of BDNF IF in cell bodies was observed after ST. An increase of TrkBFL IF in oligodendrocytes was consistent with that caused by LT. The fibers of TrkBFL IF oligodendrocytes surrounding the largest neurons were in close apposition to neuronal membrane. We propose that ST exercise causes (1) BDNF translocation to dendrites and/or local dendritic synthesis to serve increased synaptic activity (2) sensitization of oligodendroglia to BDNF mediated responses.
4
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Locomotion induces changes in Trk B receptors in small diameter cells of the spinal cord

39%
Skup M., Czarkowska-Bauch J., Dwornik A., Macias M., Sulejczak D., Wiater M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 60
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issue 3
371
EN
Trk B immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in number of spinal cells at the lumbar level in non-trained animals (Fig. 1A). The strongest IR appeared in the perikarya and processes of small diameter cells rarely scattered in the grey and white matter. The average area of these cells was 50 mm2 (? 10). Exercise increased by over 50% the number of TrkB immunostained small cells (Fig.1B). An enhancement of perikaryonal immunostaining of these cells was also observed (Fig.1B, inset). Testing the identity of Trk B IR small diameter cells did not prove their astroglial (GFAP IR) and gabaergic (GAD IR) phenotype in the grey matter. Some of TrkB IR cells in the white matter were astrocytes. Our data point to physical exercise as a potent method to make spinal cells more receptive to neurotrophic stimuli.
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