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EN
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most prevalent cardiovascular defect and is more often seen in females; premature babies are at increased risk. For both sexes, a relationship exists between the risk of this defect occurring and the higher dimensions of the ductus arteriosus. In this study, we examined the relationship between the dimensions of the ductus arteriosus (diameter, length, capacity) and sex. We analyzed a total of 223 fetuses, 108 males and 115 females, ranging in age from four to eight months of intrauterinal life. All fetuses of normal karyotype were obtained from spontaneous abortions. None of the analyzed specimens demonstrated any visible malformations. The increase in the length and diameters of the ductus is linearly related to gestational age. The volumetric growth of this vessel was dependent on fetal age, according to the exponential function. The large number of analyzed specimens allows reliable determination of the ductus arteriosus dimensions in consecutive months of fetal life. The data obtained could be of prognostic value during echocardiographic follow-up in the fetus. We found that the dimensions analyzed did not differ with regard to sex. It is a contradiction that, more frequently PDA in females is caused with the gender differences in the dimensions of ductus arteriosus.
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EN
The human coronary sinus is an evolutionary modification of the terminal part of the left sinus horn. Anatomically, the coronary sinus is a short, broad vessel that runs along the coronary groove situated on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. This structure, which opens into the right atrium, collects blood from the great cardiac vein and from other veins of the heart as well. In this study, we assessed the growth and dimensions of the coronary sinus at the fourth and eighth months of fetal development from whole material received from the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Department of Histology and Embryology in Bydgoszcz. A group of 219 specimens, 105 male and 114 female fetuses, presented no visible malformations or developmental abnormalities. The results of this study determined that the dimension of the coronary sinus during prenatal development is not sexually dimorphic. Furthermore, following a monthly period of rapid growth in length of this structure, there are no further increases in length after the six months gestation. Finally, we concluded that the dimensions of the coronary sinus obtained during autopsy are similar to those determined through intravital ultrasound examination. The diameter of the coronary sinus is the best parameter to monitoring the fetal age and the growing of the fetus. Accordingly, we suggest that the best way of estimate for proper blood drainage from heart veins is study of coronary sinus volume.
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