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1

Nitrification mechanisms and kinetics in oxygen concentration limited and anoxic conditions

100%
Klimiuk E.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 2
178-189
EN
Literature was reviewed on oxidation mechanism of ammonia nitrogen in oxygen concentration limited and anoxic conditions. It was observed that chemolithotrophic bacteria of Nitrosomonas genus oxidising ammonia nitrogen may use ammonium as a donor of electrons and simultaneously oxygen and nitrite as electron acceptors. The products of ammonia nitrogen oxidation, except nitrates, are hydroxylamine, nitrogen oxides and molecular nitrogen. Mechanisms of the process are presented. The process of heterotrophic nitrification is characterised. Factors stimulating the process of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in activated sludge as well as the stoichiometry and reaction kinetics of the process were analysed. Finally, the currently emerging research trends were presented.
2

The synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates by activated sludge

64%
Klimiuk E., Pokoj T.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 3
9-27
EN
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are polyesters insoluble in water, synthesized by microorganisms and accumulated intracellular as storage materials. They are marked by high degree of polimerization, non-toxicity, wide range of application and biodegrability. Until now, there have been applied mainly pure microbial cultures for industrial PHAs production. Currently, for that purpose there are conducted intensive investigations on use of mixed microbial cultures (activated sludge). The microorganisms of activated sludge accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates as storage materials when availability of organics as electron donors and oxygen or nitrate (electron acceptors) is distributed in time and space or when the sludge is submitted to consecutive periods of external substrate accessibility and unavailability. The process efficiency depends on feed composition and reactor operating conditions. Nowadays, there are two types of reactor operational strategies. In municipal wastewater treatment plants, a two-stage process is used: 1 ? selection of excess sludge to specific type of substrate (molesses, whey) in SBR, and 2 ? PHAs production in batch reactor. In wastewater treatment plants from agricultural and food industry, acidogenic fermentation is introduced as an additional stage, where the organic wastes are converted into a mixture of organic acids, and then used as a substrate for PHAs storage.
3

Biological treatment of landifill leachate by activated sludge in SBR reactors

64%
Klimiuk E., Kulikowska D.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 2
190-202
EN
In the study, the efficiency of landfill leachates treatment by activated sludge in anaerobic-aerobic conditions in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was examined. The experiments were carried out in four series characterised by different hydraulic retention time in reactors (t = 12, 6, 3 and 2 days), which was obtained by increasing the volumetric change rate in a treatment cycle from 8.3 to 50%. The highest efficiency (82.9%) of organic substances removal, expressed as COD, was noted for the retention time t = 12 days, and the lowest (70.6%) for t = 2 days. The activated sludge yield coefficient was Y = 0.56 g/g COD, and the decay coefficient kd = 0.013/ d. In series 1-3 complete nitrification was observed. Concentration of ammonia nitrogen did not exceed 1 mg NNH4/ dm^3. The efficiency of total nitrogen removal in the following series varied from 83.5 to 74.7%. Nitrates concentration in the leachate increased from 4.1 to 18.7 mg NNO3 / dm^3. In series 4 ammonia nitrogen concentration in the end of the cycle was 46.4 mg NNH4/ dm^3 and the concentration of nitrates 1.4 mg NNO3 / dm^3. The efficiency of total nitrogen removal equalled 54.3%.
4

Using biosorbents in the proccesses of metal removal from water solution

64%
Wojnowska-Baryla I., Klimiuk E.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 4
125-134
EN
This paper presents an overview of the theoretical and practical results of the heavy metals uptake by biosorbents. The influence of different factors on the heavy metal uptake by biosorbents was documented. Biosorption and related desorption mechanism were emphasized in this paper.
5

Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in activated sludge under nitrogen limitation conditions. Part I. Effect of operational condition on effectiveness of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (P(3HB)) accumulation

51%
Pokoj T., Klimiuk E., Kuczajowska-Zadrozna M.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 4
197-213
EN
The accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) in activated sludge was investigated. Fed-batch culture was carried out using sodium acetate as the source of carbon. A lack of nitrogen was a stimulating factor of accumulation P(3HB). Two experimental series were run. In series 1, nitrogen was fed into abacterial culture once for the first 24 hours, in series 2 ? for 6 hours each day of the experiment. The effect of operational conditions was evaluated based on the accumulation of P(3HB) in biomass, specific growth rate of microorganisms (m) yield coefficients (YP(3HB)/C, YP(3HB)/X), and productivity P(3HB). It was proved that the degree of accumulation of P(3HB) in activated sludge was comparable in both series. The highest P(3HB) yield of 0.59 g P(3HB)/g COD was attained in series 1 at the 12 th our after ceasing the nitrogen feeding. In series 1, between the 36 th and 48 th hour, the productivity reached the level of about 34 mg P(3HB)/l?h). In series 2, YP(3HB)/C and the productivity accounted for 0.21 g P(3HB)/g ChZT and 21.58 mg P(3HB)/l?h, respectively. The limiting factor of P(3HB) productivity was low specific growth rate of microorganisms of activated sludge. The maximum specific growth (max) reached 0.03 h-1 in series 1 and 0.022h-1 in series 2.
6

Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds removal by immobilized activated sludge in Sequencing Batch Reactor

51%
Wojnowska-Baryla I., Stachowiak D., Klimiuk E.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 3
78-87
EN
Activated sludge with enhanced ability of phosphorus storage and nitrification immobilized in alginate and alginate-PVA was applied to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from waste water. The activated sludge immobilized in alginate achieved higher efficiency of phosphorus removal. It was 18% higher than in the case of activated sludge. The rates of nitrogen removal by the activated sludge and the activated sludge immobilized in alginate were similar and amounted to 0.021 and 0.190 mg TN?g-1MLSS?min-1. For the activated sludge immobilized in alginate the nitrification rate was 6 times lower than for the activated sludge. However, in the activated sludge immobilized in alginate-PVA nitrification did not occur.
7

Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in activated sludge under nitrogen limitation conditions. Part II. Estimation of bacterial diversity in activated sludge and analysis of a type of accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates

51%
Klimiuk E., Ciesielski S., Pokoj T., Rogowski J.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 4
214-226
EN
Community diversity of the activated sludge and the type of accumulated PHAs were investigated in this study. Fed-batch culture was carried out using medium culture containing sodium acetate as a carbon source. A factor triggering PHAs synthesis was a lack of nitrogen. The medium culture containing ammonium was periodically fed into bacterial culture for 6 hours each day of the experiment. Genetic analysis of the bacterial community was performed using 16S and 23S rRNA Intergeneric Spacer Region. The obtained results showed that the dominant belonged to the Betaproteobacteria class. In this study, the Time of flight - Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry was used. This method revealed that the cells of the microorganisms contained mainly monomer units of 3-hydroxybutryric acid. The content of P(3HB) in dry weight accounted for 51% between 72nd and 120th hour of the experiment.
8

Rates of pollutants removal and enzyme activities in the activated sludge from anaerobic-aerobic system

51%
Stachowiak D., Klimiuk E., Wojnowska-Baryla I., Stolarczyk E.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 3
100-108
EN
In the presented work two enzyme activity tests were performed: alkaline phosphates activity to control phosphorus removal and nitrite reductase activity to control the denitrification process. @urj
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