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1

The influence of beta-carotene, retinoids, RAR and RXR receptors on proliferation and neoplastic transformation of cells

100%
Staniaszek K., Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 3
28-45
EN
Beta carotene is a member of a class of substances called carotenoids. Beta carotene, alpha carotene and beta cryptoxanthin can serve as dietary precursors of retinoids (RA, all-trans retinol or provitamin A). Biological effects of retinoids and expression of RA responsive gene are mediated by different receptors, namely RAR and RXR in homodimeric or heterodimeric form. Expression levels of the retinoic acid receptors are significantly different in neoplastic tissues compared with non-neoplastic tissues for many types of tumors.
2

Baculovirus in biotechnology

100%
Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A., Olejnik A.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 1
71-86
EN
Baculoviruses are a diverse group of large viruses with covalently close double-stranded DNA genomes of 80-200 kilobasepairs (kbp). Baculoviruses are pathogenic for invertebrates, primarily for insects. Baculovirus particles exist in two biochemically and morphologically distinct forms, an extracellular, nonoccluded (NOV), budded virus (BV) and an occluded form (OV), which are known as polyhedral derived viruses (PDV). Baculovirus genes expression is divided into three basic phases: early (E), late (L) and very late (VL). Briefly, these phases correspond biologically to: (E) reprogramming the cell for virus replication, (L) producing BV and (VL) producing OV. The several baculovirus genes are nonessential for virus replication, and their lack in viral genome does not have any effect on forming of infectious virus particles in the tissue culture. Some of the gene expression is driven by very strong late promoters (polyhedrin and p10) and their loci are ideal cloning sites for genes of heterologous proteins. The baculovirus expression vector system is the powerful tool for production of foreign proteins. One of the major advantages of the insect cell/baculovirus system over bacterial and mammalian systems is a very high expression of recombinant proteins, which is in many cases, antigenically, immunogenically and functionally similar to their native counterparts.
3

Biotechnology to combat reactive oxygen species

100%
Nawrot R., Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A.
Biotechnologia
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2002
|
issue 2
88-101
EN
Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) lies at the background of many diseases, including cancer. Numerous experimental data show that ROS play direct and indirect role in induction and promotion of cancer. Antioxidants, such as glutathione, bilirubin, urate, carotenoids, ascorbate, tocopherols, retinol, belong to nonenzymatic protective mechanisms against ROS antioxidents. A number of plants are rich source of egzogenic antioxidants. Genetic engineering methods are used to modify food plants in the hope that it will elevate their antioxidant content. The recent successful developments are -carotene-rich ?golden rice? and tomato. Intake of these plants could contribute to health benefits worldwide.
4

Plant defensins

100%
Nawrot R., Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A.
|
2007
|
issue 2
27-41
EN
Many plants possess antimicrobial peptides (AMP) constitutively expressed or induced after infection. These families of peptides include four cysteine-type peptides: hevein and knottin-type peptides, lipid transfer proteins, plant defensins and thionins. Plant AMP are basic, cystein-rich peptides with molecular masses of approximately 5 kDa. They are mainly identified in perypheral cell layer of plants. These peptides may have an important role to play in the protection of plants from microbial infection, and they might prove to be useful tools for the genetic engineering of fungal and other patogen resistance in transgenic plants. Plant defensins family show very limited sequence conservation.
5

Adeno-associated virus vectors in gene therapy

100%
Kamieniarz K., Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 1
79-94
EN
The development of targeted vectors, capable of tissue-specific transduction, remains one of the most important aims of vector modification for gene therapy applications. The gaining popularity of recombinant vectors based on adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) in gene therapy can be attributed to their lack of pathogenicity, added safety due to their replication defectiveness, relatively low immunogenicity and their ability to mediate long-term expression in a variety of tissues. The major shortcoming of these vectors is their small packaging capacity. AAV vectors have already broad utility in the therapy of many diseases, including neurological disorders and various types of cancer. Moreover, they can also serve as transfer vehicles for DNA vaccines.
6

Biotechnology in regenerative and reproductive medicine

81%
Kamieniarz K., Nawrot R., Grajek K., Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 2
31-48
EN
Rapid progress in molecular biology, genetics, and mammalian biotechnology has revolutionized diagnostic, therapeutic and reproductive cloning in mammals. Recently, several human gene products have been able to be pharmaceutically explored in transgenic organisms and employed for medical applications. When organs or tissues are irreparably damaged, they may be also replaced with an artificial device or donor organ. Promising and also controversial application for therapeutic and regenerative medicine is stem cells engineering.
7

Neoplastic cell transformation by viruses

81%
Schmidt M., Olejnik A., Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 1
87-104
EN
Tumor-inducing viruses occur in several taxonomic groups. All RNA tumor viruses belong to retrovirus family, but the DNA tumor viruses come from several different groups. Their oncogenic potential is associated with their replication strategy, and in a vast majority of cases oncogenic transformation occurs only if the viral life cycle is aborted. The oncogenic phenotype results from discrete changes in the expression of key cellular control genes: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Most often, the retroviruses cause the activation of oncogenes, and DNA tumor viruses usually target tumor suppressor genes.
8

The structure and properties of Human Papillomavirus

71%
Broniarczyk J., Koczorowska M. M., Durzynska J., Warowicka A., Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 3
126-145
EN
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a large group, with over 100 genotypes, of small nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses. HPV types may be classified by infection location on the body each virus tends to infect and its potential for oncogenesis. ?High-risk' and ?low-risk' nomenclature was proposed for HPV genotypes (HPV-HR and HPV-LR). HPV is the major etiologic factor in cervical cancer and is found in the majority of cervical tumors. The major mechanisms through which HPV contributes to neoplastic initiation and progression include the activity of two viral oncoprotein, E6 and E7, which interfere with critical cell cycle tumor suppressive proteins, p53 and pRB. However, HPV infection is not a sufficient cause of cervical cancer and other cofactors contribute to the multi-step process or tumor formation, such as individual genetic variation as well as environmental factors. Recently, prophylactic HPV vaccines have been shown to be effective in preventing infection in young women.
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