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1

Przebieg i wyniki leczenia pacjentów w wieku powyżej 79 lat hospitalizowanych na oddziale intensywnej terapii

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Knapik M., Zbieralska E., Kłaczek B., Szczepańska A., Cieśla D., Knapik P.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2016

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vol. 70

286-290

EN

INTRODUCTION: Patients over 79 years of age represent a growing proportion of patients admitted to intensive care units. The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of patients over 79 years of age admitted to the ICU, the course and the results of their treatment as well as survival after discharge from the unit, and to compare these results to those obtained in the remaining population treated at this time in the ICU. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 870 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU in the Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases in the period of 8 consecutive years. We analysed only the first admissions – all repeat and subsequent hospitalizations were excluded from the analysis. Within this population, we identified 75 patients over 79 years of age (8.6%). For all the analyses, it was assumed that p < 0.05 is statistically significant. RESULTS: The reasons for admission in patients over 79 years of age and younger were similar – except for a significantly higher proportion of patients admitted due to complications of acute coronary syndromes (38.7% vs 26.7%, p = 0.03) and pneumonia (8.0% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.04). Overall, 44.0% of elderly and 41.4% of younger patients died in the ICU (p = 0.75). Mortality 30 days after discharge, however, was significantly higher in the elderly patients (45.2% vs 27.3%, p = 0.02). One year mortality according to Kaplan-Meier analysis was 82% in elderly patients and 48% of patients in the remaining population (p = 0.00003). CONCLUSIONS: Patients over 79 years of age represent a significant group requiring treatment in the ICU. Hospital mortality among the oldest patients is similar to the remaining population, but their long-term outcomes are very poor, which may result from the low quality of care after discharge from the ICU.

PL

WSTĘP: Pacjenci powyżej 79 roku życia stanowią rosnący odsetek chorych przyjmowanych na oddziały anestezjologii i intensywnej terapii (OAiIT). Celem pracy była ocena charakterystyki pacjentów po 79 roku życia przyjmowanych na OAiIT, przebiegu i wyników ich leczenia oraz czasu przeżycia po wypisie z oddziału, a także zbadanie korelacji tych wyników z uzyskanymi w pozostałej populacji leczonej w tym czasie w OAiIT. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Retrospektywną analizę przeprowadzono u 870 kolejnych chorych przyjętych na OAiIT w Śląskim Centrum Chorób Serca w kolejnych 8 latach. Analizowano wyłącznie pierwsze przyjęcia – z analizy wykluczono wszystkie powtórne i kolejne hospitalizacje. Do badanej grupy włączono 75 chorych powyżej 79 roku życia (8,6%). Na potrzeby wszystkich obliczeń przyjęto, że istotność statystyczna występuje przy wartości współczynnika p < 0,05. WYNIKI: Przyczyny przyjęcia chorych powyżej 79 roku życia i młodszych były podobne, wyjątek stanowił istotnie wyższy odsetek chorych przyjmowanych z powodu powikłań ostrego zespołu wieńcowego (38,7% vs 26,7%; p = 0,03) i zapalenia płuc (8,0% vs 2,9%; p = 0,04). Na OAiIT zmarło 44,0% starszych chorych i 41,4% pozostałej populacji (p = 0,75). Śmiertelność do 30 dnia po wypisie była jednak znacznie wyższa w najstarszej grupie chorych (45,2% vs 27,3%; p = 0,02). Śmiertelność roczna, według analizy Kaplana-Meiera, wyniosła 82% w grupie chorych powyżej 79 roku życia i 48% chorych w pozostałej populacji (p = 0,00003). WNIOSKI: Pacjenci powyżej 79 roku życia stanowią znaczącą grupę chorych wymagających leczenia na OAiIT. Śmiertelność szpitalna wśród najstarszych chorych jest zbliżona do pozostałej populacji, jednak odległe wyniki leczenia są bardzo złe, co może wynikać z niskiej jakości opieki po wypisie z OAiIT.

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Antifungal activities of moulds associated with selected stored grains and legumes

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Ohabughiro N. B.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 50

52-59

EN

An antifungal agent can either kill or inhibit the growth of fungi by interfering with the formation of fungal cell membrane, weakening it and hindering cell division. Antifungal agents of amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and voriconazole of Thermo Fisher Scientific limited were used for this study. Cultural analysis of stored grains and legumes (rice, maize, wheat, groundnut and beans) from Imo State was done using streak plate method. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used for the culture while Mueller Hinton agar was used for Antifungal sensitivity test. Moulds were further identified using 18s rRNA gene sequencing method. The antifungal sensitivity profile of isolated and identified moulds was evaluated using the clinical laboratory and standard institute approved methods for testing of moulds, the disk diffusion and tetrazolium chloride test. The results showed that Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus and Penicillium chrysogenum were the moulds isolated and identified using both cultural and 18S rRNA sequence. The fungal isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole and voriconazole. Amphotericin B was both resistant and susceptible to different moulds. The fungal isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Inhibition effects were more with the antifungal disc than with tetrazolium salts. All the isolates were resistant to tetrazolium chloride and gave no zone of inhibition. Combination of antifungal agent and tetrazolium chloride showed sensitivity only to ketoconazole. Antifungal disc alone gave a better zone of inhibition than the combination of antifungal agents with tetrazolium salts. This study showed that ketoconazole has greater inhibitory potential than other antifungal agents. Ketoconazole remains the best drug of choice among the studied antifungal agents for fungal infections. Therefore antifungal drugs can be used against moulds of economic importance in the country.

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Bacteriological profile of cut fruits sold in Calabar Metropolis

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Edeghor U., John G. E., Origbu C.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 23

43-55

EN

The increase in cases of food borne illnesses related to street vended fruit salad in developing countries is of serious public health concern. This study was, therefore, conducted on street-vended fruit salad, to determine their microbial quality. A total of twenty (20) fruit samples, comprising five each of fresh Apple (Malus domestica Borkh), Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.), Pawpaw (Carica papaya) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) were collected from 3 different locations (Watt, Marian and Goldie) in Calabar and were evaluated by way of standard plate techniques, for microbial contaminants. The specific microbial genera were enumerated on appropriate selective media and identified using standard identification parameters with the aid of identification and taxonomic manuals. The results revealed that the mean total bacterial counts of all the fruit samples ranged from 1.07 × 103 to 3.4 × 103CFU/g, whereas, the mean total coliform counts ranged from 0.9 × 103 to 2.05 × 103 CFU/g, respectively. The differences in the mean total heterotrophic counts and coliform counts recorded for the fruits collected from the respective food vendors was statistically insignificant (P>0.01). Bacteria isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. The presence of coliform bacteria and other microbial contaminants in numbers exceeding the recommended microbiological standards is a reflection of unwholesome product, hence the need for proper microbiological safety analysis of fruit salad prepared for human consumption. Therefore, consumer’s awareness on the dangers of consuming pathogen contaminated foods and the need to insist on properly processed/stored sliced produce, needs to be re-awakened.

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Frequency and Incidence of Bacterial Infection in the Female Reproductive System

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Adesina O. B., Oke E. i.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2024

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vol. 52

126-138

EN

This study aimed to assess the frequency and incidence of bacterial infections in the female reproductive system, particularly focusing on vaginal infections. The research involved the analysis of high vaginal swab and urine samples from a population of women presenting with various gynecological concerns. Notably, the study investigated the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), candida, and trichomonas in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Several crucial findings emerged from the research. First, there was a high prevalence of pus cells (90.0%) observed, which could indicate underlying inflammation or infection. Concurrently, yeast cells were detected in a substantial 86.0% of cases, suggesting a notable presence of yeast infections among the study participants. Age-wise analysis revealed an intriguing pattern, with the 26-30 age group standing out in terms of significant bacterial growth. This age group recorded the highest count of samples with such growth (15), potentially highlighting a higher susceptibility to bacterial infections within this demographic. Candida albicans emerged as a dominant microorganism with a frequency of 47.6%, implying a significant presence of this yeast and potential fungal infections within the study population. The study examined antibiotic sensitivity patterns among bacterial isolates. This analysis underscored the need for tailored antibiotic treatments, as there were varying degrees of sensitivity and resistance to different antibiotics among the isolates. The findings emphasize the importance of personalized approaches to antibiotic therapy based on the specific bacterial species and their susceptibility patterns. This study contributes valuable insights into the frequency and incidence of bacterial infections in the female reproductive system. The prominent tables, including the prevalence of pus and yeast cells, the age-specific susceptibility to bacterial infections, the dominance of C. albicans, and the antibiotic sensitivity patterns, collectively enhance our understanding of women's reproductive health and emphasize the significance of individualized medical interventions.

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Production, purification and characterization of mannanase obtained from Pichia kudriavzevii strain AUMC 10190 isolated from citrus wastes

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Afolabi F. T., Jimoh Y. Z.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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vol. 45

1-17

EN

Mannanases from microorganisms are important biotechnologically as they are involved in the hydrolysis of complex polysaccharides of plant tissues into simple molecules. The major mannan-degrading enzymes are β- mannanases, β-mannosidases and β-glucosidase. This study aimed to isolate and screen for mannanase-producing yeasts from citrus wastes and to produce, optimize, purify and characterize the enzyme. One hundred and two (102) yeasts were isolated from different citrus wastes obtained from five different markets and screened for their mannanase producing ability. Gum Arabic was used as a substrate for the production of mannanase enzyme by yeasts isolates using submerged fermentation. Candida sp. LES2, Candida sp. OS12, Pichia sp. and Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) were the yeast isolates with the best potential of mannanase production. Incubation period, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen source were optimized under submerged fermentation for the production of mannanase. The mannanase produced by Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) was optimally active at pH 7.0 (202.10 U/ml) and its temperature is stable at 60 °C. Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) was optimally active at 35 °C (147.91U/ml). Mannanase enzyme produced by Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) had a purification fold of 2.14 with a specific activity of 134.53U/ml proving that yeasts obtained from citrus wastes have the ability to produce mannanase enzyme under optimized condition. In conclusion, Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) isolated from citrus waste is potential yeast for the production of mannanase under suitable condition for higher yield.

6

Wpływ niedokrwistości na stan neurologiczny oraz funkcjonalny chorych w ostrej fazie niedokrwiennego udaru mózgu – raport wstępny

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Lasek-Bal A., Holecki M., Stęposz A., Wocławska D.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2016

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vol. 70

281-285

EN

INTRODUCTION: Anemia is a risk factor for cerebrovascular events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia among patients who underwent a first-ever stroke and its impact on the neurological and functional state in the acute phase of stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prospective study encompassed 109 patients (53 women) aged 72.8 ± 11.12 after stroke. We analyzed their neurological state on the first day after stroke by NIHSS and their functional status on the 14th day after the onset of stroke by the modified Rankin scale among patients with anemia and without anemia. RESULTS: Anemia was found in 34 patients, in 15 women and 19 men; 8 patients aged ≤ 65 years. The neurological deficit according to NIHSS, functional status at the level of 3–5 by mRS and death did not differ significantly between the analyzed groups. An independent predictor of a worse functional status on the 14th day after stroke or death in Group 1 included the neurological state on the 1st day following stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia appeared in approximately 1/3 patients suffering a stroke. Slight or moderate anemia in the acute period of stroke did not significantly influence the neurological or functional status in the acute phase of stroke. The neurological state on the first day is an independent factor of a poor prognosis in patients with anemia in short-term follow-up.

PL

WSTĘP: Anemia jest czynnikiem ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. Celem badania była ocena potencjalnego wpływu niedokrwistości na stan neurologiczny pacjentów w pierwszej dobie oraz funkcjonalny w 14 dobie od wystąpienia niedokrwiennego udaru mózgu. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Do prospektywnego badania włączono 109 pacjentów (w tym 53 kobiety) w wieku 72,8 ± 11,12 w pierwszej dobie pierwszego w życiu udaru mózgu. Porównano częstość wybranych chorób i parametrów biochemicznych, stan neurologiczny (wg NIHSS) w pierwszej oraz stan funkcjonowania (wg mRankin) w 14 dobie od wystąpienia udaru mózgu u pacjentów z anemią oraz prawidłowym stężeniem hemoglobiny. WYNIKI: Anemię stwierdzono u 34 pacjentów (15 kobiet oraz 19 mężczyzn) oraz 8 pacjentów w wieku ≤ 65 r.ż. Częstość lekkiego i umiarkowanego/ciężkiego deficytu neurologicznego w pierwszej dobie nie różniła się znamiennie między pacjentami z anemią i bez anemii. Częstość stanu funkcjonalnego na poziomie 3–5 Rankin w 14 dobie oraz zgonu (do 14 dni od zachorowania) nie różniła się znamiennie między tymi pacjentami. Stan neurologiczny pacjentów z anemią w pierwszej dobie udaru mózgu okazał się niezależnym czynnikiem gorszego rokowania odnośnie do stanu funkcjonalnego w 14 dobie udaru mózgu oraz zgonu do 14 doby od zachorowania. WNIOSKI: Niedokrwistość występuje u ok. 1/3 pacjentów z ostrym niedokrwiennym udarem mózgu. Lekka oraz umiarkowana niedokrwistość nie wykazuje istotnego negatywnego wpływu na stan neurologiczny oraz funkcjonalny pacjentów w ostrym okresie udaru. Stan neurologiczny w pierwszej dobie udaru niedokrwiennego jest niezależnym czynnikiem złego rokowania w obserwacji krótkoterminowej u pacjentów z anemią.

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Investigation on the Role of Nanoparticle on Microbial Nano Interface to Understand Pathogenecity

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Kumar C. N., Radhakrishnan B., Santhanam A.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2020

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vol. 30

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issue 2

89-95

EN

Nano-biotechnology represents the intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology which is an emerging field in creation, productivity and utility of nanoscale structures for advanced biotechnology. Plant and plant extract are considered as green and effective paths in the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. The aim of the present study is to analyze the interaction of silver nanoparticles synthesized from herbal source (Cinnamon zeylanicum) with pathogenic bacteria Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) in order to know the microbe pathogenicity. The micro-nano interface disturbed the growth of microbes. Under the influence of different concentration of nanoparticles (50 µL to 1,000 µL), the microbes exhibited slow growth as compared to control. The viable cell count also decreased as the nanoparticles concentration increased. This shows major difference in the bacterial culture of with and without nano particle. Under normal culture, without nanoparticles intervention, the microbes show lag phase at 0-4 h, the log phase begins and its exponential growth occurs between 4-8 h and after 12 h, stationary phase was attained. There was a slow growth observed when the culture was exposed to silver nanoparticles. This clearly shows the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles. In this study we used green synthesized nanoparticles, which have shown a good antibacterial efficacy against the pathogenic microorganism Salmonella typhi.

8

Salt-tolerant endophytic Pseudomonas putida isolated from Aronia prunifolia root with plant growth-promoting potential

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Mustafa L. B., Al-Bayati A. I. N., Özkoç I.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2024

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vol. 53

212-222

EN

Endophytes play a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture due to their capacity to generate numerous agriculturally significant metabolites. This study focuses on isolating a salt-tolerant, fluorescent green pigment-producing endophytic bacterium from the leaf samples of Aronia prunifolia cultivated on 2.5% Sodium chloride (NaCl) supplemented nutrient agar. After thoroughly examining the roots' isolated strain, EB-3, it has been identified as Pseudomonas putida. This identification was based on a detailed analysis of its morphological and biochemical characteristics, coupled with the scrutiny of its 16S rDNA sequence. Extensive biochemical and functional studies have revealed the diverse capabilities of P. putida. This bacterium excels in producing hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophore, indole acetic acid (IAA), and demonstrates proficiency in phosphate solubilization. These findings emphasize the potential of P. putida as a valuable bacterial inoculant for sustainable agriculture, especially in challenging environments. The versatility of this strain in producing beneficial metabolites underscores its crucial role in promoting agricultural resilience and productivity. Consequently, P. putida emerges as a promising ally in advancing sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in stressful conditions.

9

Microbiological safety of fruit juices consumed in cafes and restaurants of Debre Markos town, north western Ethiopia

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Geta K., Kebede A., Chemedissa M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 24

287-298

EN

Improperly prepared fresh fruit and vegetable juices are recognized as an emerging cause of food borne illnesses. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the microbiological safety of fresh fruit juices marketed in Debre Markos town and their hygienic conditions of preparations. Thirty-six fruit juices samples were collected from 6 cafés and restaurants of Debre Markos town and analyzed for total aerobic viable bacterial count (TAVBC), total staphylococcal count (TSC), aerobic spore forming bacterial count (ASFBC), total coliform count (TCC), fecal coliform count (FCC), yeast and mould count (YMC). The spread plate method was used for the isolation of microorganisms on appropriate selective media. All isolates were characterized following standard methods. Bacterial and fungal species were isolated following standard methods, while questionnaires were distributed to 30 juice makers to obtain preliminary information on their hygienic and safety practices. Results show that the mean TAVBC, ASFBC, TSC, yeast and mould, TCC and FCC of mango were 2.2±0.48×106, 0.13±0.04×105, 0.004×105, 1.1±0.2×106, 0.15±0.05×105, 5.7±3.73×104 and 0.06±0.04×104, cfu/ml, respectively. Moreover, the mean of TAVBC, ASFBC, TSC, YMC, TCC, and FCC of avocado juice were 3.6±0.6×106, 0.08±0.02×105, 0.27±0.07×105, 1.2±0.4×106, 0.02±0.01×105, 6.46±3.7×104, and 0.2±0.1×104 cfu/ml, respectively. The bacterial isolates were identified as S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella spp. B. cereus, Enterobacter spp., Enterococcous spp., Streptococcus spp., and Serratia spp., while the identities of the fungal isolates were Fusarium spp., Mucor spp. and S. cerevisiae. The results also showed that the microbial loads of most of the fruit juices were higher than the specifications set for fruit juices sold in the Gulf region and other parts of the world. Most venders obtained fruit from the open market and all juice makers lacked special training in food hygiene and safety. Therefore, regular training and health education on food hygiene and safety is recommended for juice handlers to improve the quality of fresh fruit juices in the study area.

10

Determination of fungal contamination of retailed smoked-fish sold within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria

100%

Nnagbo P. A.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 50

121-129

EN

The consumption of smoked-fish usually from the open shelf in most communities of the developing countries has raised some health related concerns. As one of the common sources of protein available to man, fish is highly consumed due to its lower cholesterol content and price. So it forms a rich protein source for both poor and rich. This research enumerated the fungal load of retailed smoked-fish sold within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria. A total of thirty six fish samples which comprised nine fish species such as Ethmalosa fimbrata (Bonga fish), Clarias garepinus (Mud cat fish), Ilisha Africana (West African shad) Alestes nurse (Silverside fish), Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Silver catfish), Gymnallabes typus (Catfish), Calamoichthys calabaricus (Rope fish), Schilbe uranoscopus (Butter fish) and Cynoglossus browni (Sole) were randomly purchased from markets in Owerri. The fish samples were inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar plates incorporated with 0.5mg/ml of chloramphenicol. The fungal isolates were identified using standard methods Thirty four fungal organisms made up of four genera: Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Fusarium species and Rhizopus species were isolated from the fish samples. Aspergillus flavus 8 (23.53%), Aspergillus fumigatus 7 (20.58%) and Rhizopus species 7 (20.58%) were the dominant mycofloral in decreasing sequential order. Aspergillus niger, Fusarium species and Penicillium species occurred in less frequency 4 (11.77%). Aspergillus flavus was the most dominant mycofloral. Aspergillus species are known to produce aflatoxins which are carcinogenic (causing hepatoma-cancer of the liver), acute hepatitis, reduced red blood cell and decreased immune system in man. Fusarium species was reported to produce fumonisin toxin and Penicillum produces penicillic acid. Prolonged intake of smoked-fish with these metabolites may constitute potential public health hazard. It is recommended that smoked-fishes be processed, stored and distributed under safe hygienic condition and good sanitary practices in order to prevent fungal contamination.

11

Antibacterial properties of probiotics bacterial isolated from human breast milk

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Blessing E. N., Chukwuemeka I. S., Ukeachu C. D., Onuawuchi U. G.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2020

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vol. 29

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issue 3

290-297

EN

This research work assessed the antibacterial properties of probiotic bacterial which was isolated from breast milk. The breast milk has a distinct amalgamation of minerals, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and various vitamins that endorse the proper development, growth and immunity of the children. That’s the reason behind it’s consideration to be a comprehensive and inclusive food for new born babies. Furthermore, it is also abundant in various bioactive compounds which encourage the maturation of the immune system over and above develop body’s defense against infections. This research used a standard methodology to isolate the bacterial. In the midst of these bioactive agents, probiotic bacteria were properly isolated from human milk in this research work by means of selective MRS media. Five Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from every one of the three breast milk samples and two Enterococcus species, were observed as potential probiotics, and identified using morphological and biochemical tests which includes L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. casei, L. fermentum, L. acidophilus, En. faecalis and En. faecium. The isolated bacteria were facultative anaerobic, catalase negative, gram positive and non-endospore forming. Sugar fermentation arrangements of equally isolated bacteria also significantly different. The adding up of breast milk probiotics to children formulas possibly will be an innovative substitute to mimic some of the purposeful consequences of human milk in children who are not breastfed.

12

Kliniczne zastosowania laserowo-optycznego rotacyjnego analizatora krwinek czerwonych LORCA

100%

Słowińska L., Monkos K.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2010

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vol. 64

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issue 3-4

42-47

EN

Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyser LORCA is a precise instrument capable to investigation of aggregations and deformability of erythrocytes. In the paper the action principles of the instruments is presented and the measured quantities such as the aggregation amplitude, aggregation half time, aggregation index and elongation index are defi ned. A comparison of mean values of those quantities for the control group and groups of patients with obesity (body mass index – BMI > 35), pancreas tumor, myocardial infarction, obstructive sleep apnea, age-related macular degeneration and diabetes mellitus of the type 2 is made.

PL

Laserowo-optyczny rotacyjny analizator krwinek czerwonych LORCA jest precyzyjnym przyrządem służącym do badania agregacji i odkształcalności erytrocytów. W pracy przedstawiono zasadę działania tego przyrządu oraz zdefiniowano wielkości przez niego mierzone, takie jak amplituda agregacji, czas połowicznego odtwarzania agregacji, indeks agregacji oraz indeks elongacji. Porównano średnie wartości tych wielkości dla grupy kontrolnej osób zdrowych oraz grup chorych na otyłość (body mass index – BMI > 35), raka trzustki, zawał serca, obturacyjny bezdech we śnie, zwyrodnienie plamki żółtej związane z wiekiem oraz cukrzycę typu 2.

13

Isolation and characterisation of alpha-amylase producing yeast from different fermented foods and dairy products

100%

Afolabi F. T., Adetayo O. O.

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vol. 44

89-110

EN

The use of acids in the hydrolysis of starch for industrial and domestic purpose have become relatively unstable, expensive, difficult to control and even harmful to users over the years. This study aimed at isolating and characterizing alpha -amylase producing yeasts and investigate the effects of different cultural and physico-chemical parameters on the production of alpha- amylase. A total of forty- three (43) yeast strains were isolated from different fermented foods such as ogi, wara, palm wine and kunu. The isolates (OG9 and WR4) had the highest activity and were identified as: Candida tropicalis strain IFM 63517 and Candida tropicalis strain CMC 1836 respectively. Fermentation parameters such as incubation period, pH, temperature, effect of surfactants, carbon and nitrogen source were optimized using submerged fermentation. The optimum pH, temperature and incubation period for enzyme production were: 5.0, 30 °C and 48 hours respectively. Of the carbon sources, soluble starch at 1% concentration was observed to be the best carbon source for enzyme production using the two yeasts. Yeast extract at 1% concentration was ideal nitrogen source for the yeasts. Surfactants Tween-80 was most effective for enhancement of alpha amylase production. Cacl2 supported the highest alpha amylase activity for both strains. This study revealed that favourable fermentation conditions and the selection of suitable growth parameters played key roles in the production of alpha amylase by Candida tropicalis. Soluble starch is a good substrate for alpha amylase production. Alpha- amylase producing yeast strains with increasing enzyme activities at high temperature are promising candidates for industrial application.

14

Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste for the Production of Biogas in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

100%

Akpan J. F., Isong I. A., Asikong E. B. E.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 24

9-21

EN

The quest for environment friendly means of waste management has prompted studies on technologies for treatment of municipal organic wastes. Among these is anaerobic digestion. This research was thus conducted to assess the potential of fruit wastes; Watermelon (Citrus lanatus) peel (W), Pawpaw (Carica papaya) peel (P), Banana (Musa acuminata Cv. AAA group) peel (B) and Cow dung (C) for the production of biogas through anaerobic digestion processes. The production of biogas was carried out in single, double and multiple substrates combinations at 13 kg, 6.5kg and 3.25 kg, respectively, per substrate. The substrates were digested anaerobically in 60-liter digesters for 45 days. The treatment comprised of 11 substrates and water as control. The result indicated that the moisture content ranged from 82.0 to 93.0% and the pH of wastes ranged from 4.9-8.3, with a majority of the substrates falling between 6.0-7.1. Treatment W+C+P+B produced the highest biogas (49.4 ml) at 45 days of digestion. This was followed by treatment W+C and W+B - which were 24 and 23.4 ml, respectively. Treatment B and C+B had the lowest methane yield of 2.2 and 7.6 ml, respectively. The combination of W+C+P+B (8.4) and C+B (6.7%) had the highest values of nitrogen content, while W+C (11%) and C+P (1.4%) had the lowest values. The mineral contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in most cases were higher than those obtained before digestion. Hence, Fruit waste (W+C+P+B) was the most suitable substrate for producing biogas and bio-fertilizer. Moreover, the values of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the digestate indicate that it will be a good source of fertilizer for crop production.

15

Determination of mycotoxin producing moulds using culture and non-culture characterization and proximate composition of stored grains and legumes in Imo State, Nigeria

100%

Ohabughiro N. B.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2024

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vol. 54

70-82

EN

Cereals and legumes are the major food sources for people in a developing country. Four grains and legumes (rice, maize wheat and groundnut) stored for 2 - 4 months in different packaging materials. These samples were randomly selected from three different markets. They were assessed for the presence of mycotoxin producing moulds and for the production of mycotoxins. Standard microbiological and molecular methods were used in the isolation and identification of moulds. A multimycotoxin method based on Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze both the qualitative and quantitative occurrence of mycotoxin fungal metabolites. Proximate composition was determined using the method of Association of official Analytical chemist. The moulds isolated and identified culturally were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus spp., Aspergillus tamarii Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium spp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhizopus nigricans and Mucor spp. The percentage occurrence of non-culturally 18S rRNA gene sequence dominant mould species identified were Aspergillus flavus (46%) followed by Aspergillus tamarii (23%), Aspergillus niger (18%), and Penicillium chrysogenum (9%) while the least was (4%) Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus. The Phylogenic tree was constructed by using the geneious software version 4.0. Aflatoxin, ochratoxins, fumonisin, deoxynevalenol and zearalenone were the different mycotoxins detected in stored grains and legumes. Ochratoxin A had the highest concentration of 371.8 ± 7.878 while Deoxynevalenol had the least concentration of 320 ± 4.617. Different values for Moisture Content, Crude Protein, Crude Fibre, Ash, Carbohydrate and Energy Value were determined. Groundnut 558.74 ± 279.37 had the highest energy value while Wheat 315.08 ± 157.54 had the least energy value. Grains and Legumes are essential for good health. There is a strong need to devise good storage condition for stored grains and legumes to avoid mycotoxigenic moulds contamination.

16

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Bacteria Isolated From Fruit Juices Sold in Cafes and Restaurants of Debre-Markos Town, North Western Ethiopia

100%

Geta K., Kebede A., Chemedissa M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 24

365-371

EN

The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food pathogens has increased during recent decades. In this work, pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and E. coli were isolated following standard methods. The bacterial isolates were then tested for their sensitivity to common antibiotics using the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar. All of the pathogenic bacteria were found to be resistant to erythromycin and almost all were sensitive to penicillin.

17

G6PD Activity in Malaria Infected Children in Owerri

100%

Ihenetu F. C., Nwachukwu M. I., Ohalete C. N., Njoku-Obi T. N., Nwachukwu O. I., Okoro C. I., Okereke B. C., Ihenetu S. C.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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vol. 12

63-72

EN

This paper is a study of G6PD activity in malaria-infected children in Owerri. Blood samples were collected from fifty-one (51) children hospitalized in the Federal Medical Center (FMC) and analyzed using standard Medical Laboratory methods. Results revealed that out of the 51 children examined (26 males and 25 females), 39, representing 76.47% of the total malaria infected children numbers, were G6PD deficient, while 12, representing 23.53%, had normal G6PD. Two different plasmodium species and their percentage occurrences were observed. These were: Plasmodium falciparum (78.43%) and Plasmodium malariae (21.57%). The work indicated that male children were more (P < 0.05) deficient than females, with percentage levels of 61.53% and 38.47%, respectively. In addition, children between the ages of 49-60 months was observed to be more (P < 0.05) G6PD deficient (with percentage of 25.64%), while those between 0-12 months were least G6PD deficient (with percentage of 8.3% (P < 0.05)). As being afflicted with malaria carries a high risk of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in children, there is, therefore, urgent need for public enlightenment on public health implications, need for proper hygiene, as well as a need for strategies for preventing and controlling mosquito populations

18

Isolation of vanconycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the wounds of hospital patients in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

100%

Anosike I. K., Ebana R. U. B., Edet U. O., Umoh I. S.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 24

134-144

EN

Staphylococcus aureus is a very important human pathogen that generates a number of human infections. Isolation of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) was carried out from wound samples of patients attending University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. A total of 45 wound samples from 15 patients were collected aseptically in triplicate, using sterile cotton swabs moistened in sterile normal saline. Microbiological analysis and susceptibility to vancomycin, including minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC), were carried out using standard methodologies. A total of 15 isolates were obtained and these showed varying MIC and MBC patterns. Out of the 15 S. aureus isolated, only one isolate had an MIC of approximately 4 µg/ml, while twelve isolates gave MIC values that ranged from 15.62 µg/ml to 250 µg/ml. The remaining 2 isolates gave MIC values that were ≥ 500 µg/ml. These 2 isolates exhibited alpha haemolysis on blood agar, unlike the others that were beta haemolytic. The results of the MBC also showed variations amongst the isolates. A total of 10 isolates gave MBC values that ranged from 62.5 µg/ml to 500 µg/ml, while the remaining 5 isolates gave MBC values that were ≥ 500 µg/ml. The high MIC and MBC values obtained showed that vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasing at an alarming rate, and this accounts for the gradual decline in the effectiveness associated with the use of vancomycin. Given the widespread prevalence of VRSA, there is a need for newer therapeutics that can reverse this surge.

19

Microbial amylases: A review

100%

Martin M. F., Okpo E. A., Andy I. E.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 22

174-179

EN

Microbial amylases are enzymes produced by microorganisms to hydrolyze starch. There are three types of microbial amylases: alpha-amylase, beta-amylase and glucoamylase. Each of these amylases has a unique way of acting on starch to yield simple glucose monomers. Microorganisms, plants, and animals are sources of amylases, but much attention is given to microorganisms since the amylases produced by them have greater thermal stability and give rise to different sugar profiles, thus meeting industrial demands. Two major groups of microorganisms play pivotal role in amylase production: bacteria and fungi. Starch is the substrate used in amylase production. Between the two fermentation processes used in amylase production (i.e. submerged fermentation and solid state fermentation), the latter is more advantageous as it saves cost, generates little effluent, and has high volumetric productivity. Microbial amylases are greatly applied in pharmaceutical, food, chemical, paper and distilling industries.

20

Szczepienia seniorów – profilaktyka chorób zakaźnych na przykładzie szczepienia przeciw grypie

100%

Zawidzka M., Nazar E., Kamińska M., Przybylska J.

Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu

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2018

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issue 3

81-90

EN

Introduction. Influenza has been known as the most common contagious disease attacking the respiratory system of patients at any age. In addition to influenza vaccination, older people are also advised to vaccinate against pneumonia, hepatitis (Hepatitis B), pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. The aim of this work is to present the importance of influenza vaccination and senior participation in the "Program for the prevention of contagious diseases with respect to the use of influenza vaccination for people over 65", on the example of Włocławek, Lublin and Wrocław. Overview. Contagious diseases in older people are often characterized by a severe course and an increased risk of complications. Despite the wide-scale infection prevention among the older people, protective vaccinations are the most effective way to prevent influenza, as well as its complications. The number of vaccinated patients over 65 is low. The use of protective vaccinations has a beneficial effect not only on the health of patients, but also on the reduction of treatment costs associated with the occurrence of possible post-influenza complications and long-term hospitalization. Systematic influenza vaccinations are liekely to protect patients from infection and complications, but also stimulate the body's immune system to function properly. Conclusions. Despite the recommendations of health professionals , the popularity of vaccinations among people over 65 is very low. The most common reasons associated with resignation from vaccinations among seniors include: fear of complications associated with vaccination and lack of faith in its effectiveness. For this reason, it is extremely important to effectively promote influenza vaccinations among the elderly.

PL

Wstęp. Grypa to choroba zakaźna układu oddechowego pojawiająca się najczęściej, niezależnie od wieku. Osobom starszym oprócz szczepienia przeciw grypie zaleca się szczepienia przeciw zapaleniu płuc, wirusowemu zapaleniu wątroby (WZW) typu B, krztuścowi, błonicy oraz tężcowi. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie istoty szczepienia przeciwko grypie oraz udziału seniorów w „Programie profilaktyki chorób zakaźnych w zakresie szczepień ochronnych przeciw grypie dla osób powyżej 65 roku życia”, na przykładzie miast Włocławek, Lublin oraz Wrocław. Przegląd. Choroby zakaźne występujące u osób w podeszłym wieku często charakteryzują się ciężkim przebiegiem i zwiększonym ryzykiem powikłań. Pomimo szeroko ukierunkowanej prewencji infekcji wśród osób starszych, najbardziej efektywnym oraz najskuteczniejszym sposobem zapobiegania grypie, a także jej powikłaniom, są szczepienia ochronne. Stopień wyszczepienia pacjentów powyżej 65 roku życia jest niski. Stosowanie szczepień ochronnych ma korzystny wpływ nie tylko na zdrowie pacjentów, ale także na obniżenie kosztów leczenia związanych z wystąpieniem ewentualnych powikłań pogrypowych oraz długotrwałej hospitalizacji. Systematyczne powtarzanie szczepień przeciwko grypie pozwala nie tylko chronić przed infekcją oraz powikłaniami, ale także pobudza układ obronny organizmu do skutecznego działania. Wnioski. Pomimo zaleceń specjalistów, popularność szczepień wśród osób po 65 roku życia jest bardzo niska. Do najczęstszych przyczyn związanych z rezygnacją ze szczepień u seniorów należą: lęk przed powikłaniami związanymi ze szczepieniem oraz brak wiary w jego skuteczność. Z tego powodu niezwykle ważne jest efektywne promowanie szczepień przeciw grypie wśród osób w podeszłym wieku.

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Przebieg i wyniki leczenia pacjentów w wieku powyżej 79 lat hospitalizowanych na oddziale intensywnej terapii

Antifungal activities of moulds associated with selected stored grains and legumes

Bacteriological profile of cut fruits sold in Calabar Metropolis

Frequency and Incidence of Bacterial Infection in the Female Reproductive System

Production, purification and characterization of mannanase obtained from Pichia kudriavzevii strain AUMC 10190 isolated from citrus wastes

Wpływ niedokrwistości na stan neurologiczny oraz funkcjonalny chorych w ostrej fazie niedokrwiennego udaru mózgu – raport wstępny

Investigation on the Role of Nanoparticle on Microbial Nano Interface to Understand Pathogenecity

Salt-tolerant endophytic Pseudomonas putida isolated from Aronia prunifolia root with plant growth-promoting potential

Microbiological safety of fruit juices consumed in cafes and restaurants of Debre Markos town, north western Ethiopia

Determination of fungal contamination of retailed smoked-fish sold within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria

Antibacterial properties of probiotics bacterial isolated from human breast milk

Kliniczne zastosowania laserowo-optycznego rotacyjnego analizatora krwinek czerwonych LORCA

Isolation and characterisation of alpha-amylase producing yeast from different fermented foods and dairy products

Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste for the Production of Biogas in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Determination of mycotoxin producing moulds using culture and non-culture characterization and proximate composition of stored grains and legumes in Imo State, Nigeria

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Bacteria Isolated From Fruit Juices Sold in Cafes and Restaurants of Debre-Markos Town, North Western Ethiopia

G6PD Activity in Malaria Infected Children in Owerri

Isolation of vanconycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the wounds of hospital patients in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Microbial amylases: A review

Szczepienia seniorów – profilaktyka chorób zakaźnych na przykładzie szczepienia przeciw grypie