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EN
Microarray technology has recently reached the mainstream. It is widely applied in many biological fields of studies. Despite of its uncontested advantages microarray results have to be validated using independent methodology. For this purpose real-time PCR platform has become the most popular method of choice. The ability of PCR product measurement after each cycle is connected here with wide dynamic range of detection. This review is a summary of our knowledge on the technical issue of quantitative PCR utilization in microarray results confirmation.
EN
Cytokinins are plant hormones that control not only the proliferation and differentiation of plant, but they also play a role of signaling molecules in defense mechanisms activated at different stress conditions. The role of cytokinins in the regulation of plant pathogenesis-related proteins (PR) expression is discussed. The recent data on characterisation of cytokinin-specific binding proteins (CSBP) are presented.
EN
Allergy is a complex genetic disorder contributing numerous genes, especially involved in Th2 immunity and IgE synthesis. Additional, environmental factors like: allergens exposure, cigarette smoke, pollutants, infectious agents and many others, have influence in allergy development. With DNA microarray technology it is possible to search for genes expression profiles of all interacting genes in pararel and learn more about the mechanism of allergy. These research include genes expression profiling of different model organisms (human, mice, monkey) and cell cultures.
EN
Intracellular Pathogenesis-Related (IPR) Proteins of PR10 class are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. Their homologues were found in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. PR10 proteins are small polypeptides of Mr 16 000 - 18 000, slightly acidic and resistant to proteases. The absence of an apparent signal peptide and their structural properties indicate that they are cytosolic. PR10 proteins are encoded by small multigene families. They accumulate around sites of pathogen invasion, wounding and are induced by other environmental stress, suggesting their involvement in a general defence mechanism. The physiological function and any contribution of PR10 proteins to a defence mechanism remain unknown. However, high amino acid sequence homology and the similarity of the expression pattern with that of ginseng ribonuclease suggest that an RNase activity associated with these proteins may be involved in the defence reaction. There are also suggestions that PR10 proteins play an important role in the plant development, since they have been identified in dry seeds, developed roots, stems, various parts of flowers and senescent leaves. Some PR10 protein homologues appeared to be induced by plant hormones (abscisic acid, cytokinin and ethylene) and show organ-specific expression, what indicates their involvement in different physiological processes of non stressed plant.
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