One of the main issues of the device technology on metal-dielectric (MD) substrates is poor adhesion of thin metallic films, which are used for interconnections in electrical circuits. Films are formed by vacuum deposition on a porous dielectric layer of substrates. The presence of pores sufficiently complicates the cleaning of the substrate surface, which significantly decreases the adhesion of the film deposited on it. Technology of metal films with high adhesion, fabricated by ion-plasma method is proposed in this work. Films were deposited on MD substrates produced by electrochemical oxidation of aluminum alloys. The main operations of the technology are the following. Removal of residual electrolyte after the oxidation is carried out by rinsing of substrates initially under running hot water, and then in deionized water, followed by drying in a flow of heated nitrogen. Annealing of substrates under the pressure of 10^{-3} Pa and temperature of 550-570 K for 20 min is carried on in the vacuum chamber before the deposition of metal films. Copper is used as the main material of the interconnection films. Adhesion sublayer is fabricated on the basis of chromium or vanadium, which have high enthalpy of the oxide formation. Measurements showed that the copper films with the thickness of 1.5 μm, deposited on the vanadium sublayer with the thickness of 0.12 μm, which is comparable with the roughness of oxide layer, have adhesion of 25 N/mm^{2} at the temperature of 520 K. Investigation of adhesion was carried on by the method of direct tear off with the error of up to 10%.
Technology is developed, materials and regimes of the fabrication of ohmic contacts to the effective thermoelectric materials Bi_{2}Te_{2.8}Se_{0.2} (n-type) and Bi_{0.5}Sb_{1.5}Te_{3} (p-type) are determined. Ohmic contacts were obtained by the vacuum deposition of nickel. Factors determining adhesion strength and resistivity of fabricated contacts are determined. Process of surface preparation of the thermoelectric materials before the ohmic contact deposition is optimized during the technology development. The use of electrochemical polishing, ultrasound treatment, finish cleaning in toluene and isopropyl alcohol vapor, and annealing in vacuum allowed achieving stable results in the formation of contacts. It was shown that contacts fabricated using of electron-beam evaporation of nickel possess maximum adhesion strength of 18-19 N/mm². It was found that high adhesion is caused by the existence of transition layer in the metal-thermoelectric material contact range, formed due to the interaction of metal with the components of thermoelectric material. Proposed technology allows obtaining ohmic contacts with the resistance of the unit area not exceeding 10^{-10} Ohm m².
Intellectual precise temperature sensor with wireless interface (ITWS) for contact measurements with absolute error of ± 0.05°C in the temperature range from 5 to 95°C was developed. Platinum thin film resistance thermometer was used as the sensitive unit. High accuracy of measurements is supported by following. Investigations and modeling of temperature dependence of resistivity for sensitive unit allowed to develop mathematical model ensuring calculation of temperature with the error not exceeding 5× 10^{-3}°C. Original patented design, and hardware and software solutions for ITWS were developed. Method and mathematical models for thermocompensation of electronic components of ITWS were elaborated, which allowed sufficient decrease of measurement error during measurements and exploitation. Methodology, and hardware and software measuring system for individual ITWS calibration in automatic regime were developed, which include correction of mathematical model for the calculation of temperature for each sensor. ITWS has several design and technological solutions, and is developed for the temperature measurements of heat transfer agent in the pipelines of heating and hot water supply systems, independently of pipeline diameter. Measured data are transferred by radio channel to the recording and display devices. ITWS are used in automated systems for energy carrier controlling and determination of individual heat consumption. ITWS consists of following modules: sensitive unit, analog-to-digital converter, microcontroller, radio transceiver (carrier frequency is 434 or 868 MHz, output power of transmitter is not more than 10 mW), antenna and power supply (3.6 V).
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