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1

Changes of the refractive index with temperature and oil concentration in crude oil emulsion in Baltic seawater

100%
Ston M., Wrembel H. Z.
Oceanological Studies
|
1994
|
issue 66/7
41-52
EN
The dependence of the refractive index of artificial and natural Baltic seawater on temperature, n=,(T), has been investigated.The measurements have been carried out at different wavelengths of visible radiation.A second dependence of the refractive index on temperature has been observed. The changes of refractive index with depth, n=n(z), have been investigated in field measurements in the Baltic Sea. The influence of crude oil emulsion on the refractive index is discussed.
2

The use of sequential satellite images for the calculating surface velocity vectors in the waters of the Gulf of Gdansk

100%
Zarki I., Krezel A., Zarki I. K. A.
|
|
issue 3-4
35-44
EN
The Maximum Cross Correlation method (MCC) modified with divergence checking was used to calculate the surface velocity field in the Gulf of Gdansk. The brightness temperature in channel 4 of the AVHRR taken 10 times between 6 and 9 August 1996 served as input data. The surface velocity vector distribution obtained with the use of MCC are compared with the results of a 3D hydrodynamic model and field observation of a drifting rhodamine spill during the POLRODEX?96 experiment
3

Acoustic research on Baltic fish behaviour in relation to variable environmental factors

100%
Orlowski A.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 2
19-32
EN
The paper describes new methods and approaches to treating acoustic, biological and environmental data collected during surveys. Examples of their applications are given. The aim of all the methods presented is to correlate acoustic, biological and environmental data with the task of estimating and mathematically describing (modelling) interactions between environment, fish, and its relevant acoustic response. The methods are intended for marine ecologists and fisheries acous-ticians.
4

Microbiological transformation of organic matter in estuarine basins of the Polish coast.III.Activity of proteases, amylases and lipases synthetized by bacteria isolated from maritime lakes

100%
Mudryk Z.
Oceanological Studies
|
1995
|
issue 69/10
33-44
EN
This paper presents the results of investigatoins on activity of proteases, amylases and lipases synthetized by estuarine bacteria.The highest lavels of activitry of the enzymes studied were observed in bacteria from hypertrophic lake Jamno, the lowast in bacteria from eutrophic lake Lebsko.The activity of the enzymes displayed substantial seasonal fluctuations.The marked impact of pH and salinity on the level of the enzymatic activities was also noticed.
5

Semi-empirical modelling of backscatering anf light reflection coefficients in WC1 seas

100%
Wozniak B., Smekot-Wensierski W., Darecki M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1995
|
issue 68/8
61-90
EN
The paper reports on the semi-empirically modelled dependences of the backscattering coefficient and the irradiance and radiation reflection coefficients on the chlorophyl concetration Ca in WC1-type waters.
6

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Gulf of Gdansk

100%
Kowalewski M.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 4
77-98
EN
A three-dimensional, baroclinic, hydrodynamic model was based on the coastal ocean circulation model (Blumberg and Mellor 1987) known as POM (Princeton Ocean Model), which was adapted to Baltic conditions. The way of horizontal advection calculation has been modified by using TVD filtration (Total Variation Diminishing) thus oscillations in frontal zones have been elimi-nated. To predict water exchange between the Gulf of Gdansk and the open sea, the model covers the whole Baltic Sea together with the Danish Straits. The model has been verified based on three-year simulation of spreading of freshwater introduced by 49 biggest rivers. The influence of wind has been taken into account assuming the variable fields of shear stress every 6 hours. Thermic conditions have been affected by heat fluxes calculated from meteorological data. Calculated and measured salinity and temperature distributions are in relatively good accordance for the surface layer. Seasonal changes in vertical distributions of temperature as well as formation and disappearance of thermocline have been approximated properly.
7

Activity of heterotrophic bacterai isolated from the surface microlayer and subsurface water in the Southern Baltic

100%
Mudryk Z., Korzeniewski K.
Oceanological Studies
|
1995
|
issue 69/10
45-57
EN
The abundance of heterotrophic bacteria in the surface microlayer and subsurface water as well as the rates of processes of organic matter decomposition by multi-species populations of bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton of the Southern Baltic have been determined.The number of heterotrophic bacteria in the surface microlayers was found to be 2 to 11 times greater than in the surface water.The significant differences in the rate of bacterial destruction of individual organic compounds have been shown.It has been also found out that simple organic compounds were mineralized more actively by bacterioneuston while macromolecules by planktonic bacteria.
8

The first record of the nematode Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in eel of the Gulf of Gdansk (Poland)

100%
Rolbiecki L., Rokicki R. J., Rokicki J., Wojtkiewicz W. D., Wojtkiewicz D.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 2
75-81
EN
The study of parasitic fauna of the Gulf of Gdansk eel revealed the presence of the nematode Anguillicola crassus, not recorded in the area before. The relatively high level of infection (prevalence of 41.9%; mean intensity of 3.0 ind.) is indicative of the nematode posing a hazard for the Gulf of Gdansk eel population. More than half of the infected eel showed anatomo-pathological changes typical of anguillicolosis.
9

The sorption and removal of heavy metals by algal biomasses

100%
Pawlik-Skowronska B., Pirszel J., Skowronski T.
Oceanological Studies
|
1998
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1
79-90
EN
Metal sorption capacity of Chlorella kessleri and two strains of cyanobacteria (Aphanocapsa sp., Anabaena flos-aquae) was studied. It was found that among studied organisms, dead cells of C. kessleri were the most effective sorbents of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn. They displayed the highest cation-exchange (Cd2+/H+) capacity and bound much more Cd and Zn at pH 7 than at pH 4. The optimum pH for sorption of Pb and Cu was 6. At pH 6, dead cells of C.kessleri could bind maximally about 37 mg Cd, 38 mg Zn, 21 mg Cu and 70 mg Pb per g of dry weight. Generally, algal dead cells (0.3 g dry wt dm^3) removed 50-70% of the metal ions from 0.01 mM solutions. A surplus of calcium and magnesium caused a slight decrease of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn sorption.
10

Long-term trends of concentration of nitrates, phosphates and oxygen in the Gulf of Gdansk

100%
Nowacki J., Kowalewski M., Krezel A.
Oceanological Studies
|
1993
|
issue 64/3
123-130
11

Applicability of diatom indices for monitoring water quality in coastal streams in the gulf of Gda?sk region, northern Poland

100%
Zgrundo A., Bogaczewicz-Adamczak B.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2004
|
issue 3
31-46
EN
This aim of this study was to test the applicability of diatom indices developed in Europe for monitoring coastal stream waters in northern Poland. Water, sediment, and diatom samples were taken from streams in the resort town of Sopot that discharge into the Gulf of Gdansk. The physical and chemical measurements taken during the sampling period indicated that the purity of the stream waters had improved, and recently they were classified as I class water purity. This is contrasted by the studied waters? diatom communities, which were dominated by eutraphentic taxa. High abundances of -mesosaprobic and -mesosaprobic taxa were recorded at most of the sites. Diatom indices developed for water quality surveillance were calculated with the Omnidia3 database software. Redundancy analyses (RDA), an ordination technique, was used to determine the indices that best correspond to water pollution in coastal streams. The results of the present study indicate that the pollution indices that follow can be applied successfully to monitor flowing freshwaters in the Gulf of Gdansk area in northern Poland: IDAP (Indice Diatomique Artois-Picardie); SPI (Specific Polluosensivity Index); EPI-D (Eutrophication/Pollution Index based on Diatoms), which integrates organic pollution, eutrophication, and mineralization.
12

Predrying of stranded wrack material as an aspect of the litterbag techniques in the sandy beach studies

100%
JedrzejczaK M. F.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2003
|
issue 1
59-74
EN
Methodological aspects of the arrangement of stranded wrack for the degradation rates within the litterbags were tested in a simple field experiment on temperate, fine/medium quartz sediment, sandy beach in Poland at the end of the Hel Peninsula (5436?N, 1849?E). Litterbags of the mesh size of 0.5 mm were used to construe and assess the role of the pre-drying of wrack before its placement into the bags. The field station was established on the backshore, 15 m in width seaward from the crest of a dune. Three methods of predrying were done: (1) air drying, (2) oven drying, (3) freeze drying, as well as (4) non-dried fresh material was used as reference. The stranded seagrass wrack (Zostera marina L.), obtained directly from the beach, and then prepared in accordance with the procedures described above, was used as the study material. Four trials were run with five repetitions of litterbags 7 cm long 7 cm wide made from nylon mesh with 0.5 mm aperture widths. After exposition, bags were retrieved 5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 days post-placement. In the laboratory, samples of remaining material were dried by the same method as earlier, respectively, and then weighed, and analysed using a CHNS Analyser. It was shown that, under similar conditions of sediment composition, salinity and wave inundation, the method of predrying had little influence on the long-term process of decay. In the case of non-dried replicates, degradation rapidly proceeded in the initial stages and then stabilised to be linear, whereas, in dried samples it was done so linearly throughout the study period with only little differences. Such differences observed in the early part of the experiment were most likely the result of differences in material structure and the initial chemical composition of the plant material caused by a predrying-incurred disturbance in the chemical structure. Nevertheless, short-term environmentally driven sampling strategies fail to obtain conclusive results about degradation estimates of stranded wrack and should be avoided at least with the use of dried material.
13

Water blooms - what causes them?

100%
Eloranta P.
Oceanological Studies
|
1998
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1
15-19
EN
Water blooms are usually connected with cyanoprokaryote or algal mass occurrence, however, some other phenomena may also cause an intensive water colour in lakes. Common and characteristic water bloom is often brought about by mass oc-currence of tree pollens, abundant occurrence of fungal spores or, at deeper water layers, besides algae also some green or red sulphur bacteria. The most characteristic blooming algae belong to cyanoprokaryotes, but this phenomenon can be also caused by other taxa e.g. green algae, euglenophytes and chloromonads.
14

Vertical zonation of the total, biotic and abiotic oxygen consumption on a Baltic sandy beach

100%
Urban-Malinga B., Opalinski K. W.
|
|
issue 3-4
85-96
EN
The oxygen consumption of a sandy beach on the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic Sea) was determined. The study was carried out in three sediment layers (0-1, 1-6, 6-11cm) at four localities on the beach profile. Total oxygen consumption lay between 0.59 and 4.33 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1. A significant linear correlation was found between sediment depth and total oxygen consumption in the littoral zone (r = 0.85) and in the splash zone (r = -0.71). The highest biotic oxidation was recorded in the upper sediment layers in the splash zone (0-1 cm: 1.57 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1) and at the waterline (1-6 cm: 1.87 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1). Meiofaunal respiration constituted 0.1- 3.0% of the biotic oxygen consumption. Abiotic oxygen consumption ranged between 0.07 and 3.43 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1 and was the dominant component of total oxidation in deeper layers.
15

Growth rate of Pseudocalanus spp. as a function of food concentration, body weight and temperature

100%
Dzierzbicka-Glowacka L., Zielinski A.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2003
|
issue 4
171-179
EN
This paper does not report the results of original research; it is an analysis of data from the literature. The aim of this project was to develop quantitative expressions to describe the effects of food concentration, temperature and body weight on the growth rate of copepodid stages of Pseudocalanus spp. Calculations were done for two geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus ? one from Puget Sound (Washington, USA) and the other from the southern North Sea- based on experimental data from the literature (see Vidal 1980, Thompson 1982). The relationships between the growth rate of Pseudocalanus from Puget Sound and temperatures in the range of 8o-15.5oC, food concentration and body weights ranging from 1.5 to 10 gd.w. (case 1) and 0.51 to 3.7 gC (case 2) were determined, as were those for Pseudocalanus from the southern North Sea at a high food concentration and at temperatures ranging from 4o to 15oC. The results demonstrate that the maximum growth rate decreased as temperature fell and that it become less dependent on temperature at higher body weights. The critical food concentration for growth increased with body size proportionally more at high than at low temperatures. Slight differences in growth rate were also detected between the two species of Pseudocalanus.
16

Remarks on the morphology and the life cycle of Rhithropanopeus Harrisii ssp Tridentatus (Maitland) from the Dead Vistula River

100%
Normant M., Miernik J., Szaniawska A.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
|
2004
|
issue 4
93-102
EN
The aim of this study was to characterize the mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii ssp. tridentatus that occurs in the Dead Vistula. Of the 220 specimens collected, 57% were males and 43% were females. Females with eggs on the pleopods were present throughout June, July and August. The carapace width varied from 4.9 mm to 22.4 mm and length ranged from 4.1 mm to 16.3 mm. The highest frequency (49.1%) was observed in the 9.1-13.5 mm width class. The wet weight of the specimens varied from 0.045 to 4.299 g. The results obtained indicate that no significant changes in the morphology or life cycle of the R. harrisii tridentatus from the Dead Vistula River have occurred in the last 30 years.
17

Lidar-based investigations of optical extinction in the marine boundary layer over the coastal area

100%
Zielinski T., Piskozub P. J., Piskozub J., Drozdowska D. V., Drozdowska V., Irczuk I. M., Irczuk M., Zielinski Z. M., Zielinski M.
Oceanological Studies
|
2000
|
vol. 29
|
issue 3
35-42
EN
This paper presents the results of research, begun in 1992, into the determination of aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer under various hydrometeorological conditions by means of the lidar method. By employing several wavelengths the lidar-obtained optical extinction provides very accurate information about the size distribution of aerosols as well as their concentrations under various weather conditions and at different altitudes above the sea surface. It was demonstrated that in the marine boundary layer over the breaker zones of the southern Baltic Sea optical extinction depends on the method of calculation and wind direction as well as altitude above the sea surface. The results provided valuable inputs for investigations of the physical processes involved, as well as an important data set to use for the development of modelling of aerosol types and their dynamics in the coastal areas of the southern Baltic Sea.
18

Comparison of various methods of determining aerosol deposition velocity and their influence on the calculated values of aerosol fluxes

100%
Nadstazik A., Falkowska L.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 1
165-185
EN
This paper discusses the influence of selected methods of deriving the deposition velocity of aerosols falling from the atmosphere into the water in the coastal zone. The three methods pro-posed by Sehmel and Sutter (1974), Slinn and Slinn (1980) and Carruthers and Choularton (1986) are presented. The similarities and differences of the methods are discussed, as are the influence of the deposition velocity on aerosol fluxes, and the importance of physical parameters on aerosol transport.
19

Comparative analysis of oil separators used in merchant fleets and on oil drilling rigs

100%
Kirkiewicz J.
Oceanological Studies
|
1994
|
issue 66/7
167-174
EN
The main causes of seawater contamination with oil are given.For several types of oil separators thr ranges of their effective operation in relation to the particle (drop) size are presented.On the basis of autor's own research and the investigation of oil separating equipment used so far, the systems of oil separation for small and large vessels are suggested.
20

Resources and bottom macrofauna structure in Puck Bay in the 1960 and 1990

100%
Zmudzinski L.
Oceanological Studies
|
1997
|
vol. 26
|
issue 1
59-73
EN
Differences between the species composition and total resources of bottom macrofauna in two areas of Puck Bay were analysed in 1962-63 and 1984-85. These areas were the shallow Puck Lagoon, originally overgrown by luxuriant multi-specific submerged meadows which later un-derwent serious degradation, and the outer Puck Bay with its very limited extent of underwater meadows. In the first area the total resources were found to have decreased, whereas in the second the bottom macrofauna had increased. Both regions saw a four-fold increase in polychaete bio-mass, that of Hediste diversicolor in particular. In the outer Puck Bay the mollusc biomass in-creased, especially that of Mytilus trossulus, Macoma balthica, and the crustacean Gammarus sp., Balanus improvisus, and especially Corophium volutator. The biomass of most taxonomic groups decreased, which in the Puck Lagoon is evidence for the degradation of the bottom macroflora.
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