Search results

1

Tematyka meteorytowa w wileńskim ośrodku naukowym

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Kosiński J. W.

Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum

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2013

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vol. 4

134-135

EN

The article presents meteorites as the subject matter of the works of the scientific centre in Vilnius (University of Vilnius). Scientific centre in Vilnius developed in three first decades 19-th century the most quickly and was the important place of the development of the Polish meteoritics. His most important representatives are Stanisław Jundziłł and Ignacy Horodecki.

2

The Diversity of the Place of Residence of Students and their Level of Physical Activity

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Bergier J., Bergier B., Niźnikowska E., Junger J., Pongrác Á., Frömel K., Szepeluk A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 13

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issue 1

123-132

EN

The aim of the research was to study the diversity of the level of physical activity among the students according to their place of residence: a house (a detached house) or a flat (a residential block). The research was carried out in 2015 among 730 students (373 women and 357 men) of John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska (PSW). The method used in the research was the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in its long version. The results have shown that there were no significant differences in the overall level of physical activity of both men and women according to their place of residence. However, significant differences have been noticed among female and male students as regards the physical activity connected to housework in favour of people living in houses. The same correlation was observed in favour of women living in flats (residential blocks).

3

MODELING THE TOTAL ENERGY COSTS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE: A WORK IN PROGRESS

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Scott C. B., Reis V. M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 2

5 - 12

EN

We present an aerobic and anaerobic, exercise and recovery energy cost model of intermittent energy costs utilizing task (work, Joules) as opposed to rate (per minute) measurements. Low to moderate intensity steady state exercise energy costs are typically portrayed as the volumetric rate at which oxygen is consumed (VO2 L min–1), where a proportionate upward climbing linear relationship is profiled with an increasing power output; add to this the concept of the anaerobic threshold and energy costs increase with more intense aerobic exercise in disproportion to VO2 L min–1 measurements. As a per task function, intermittent work and recovery bouts contain a combined estimate of total costs, that is as kJ or kcal (not kJ.min-1 or kcal.min-1). Adopting this approach to describe single and multiple sets of resistance training, the model that emerges for intermittent resistance exercise portrays linearity between equivalent work and total energy costs that differs proportionately among conditions – “continuous” muscular endurance vs. Intermittent higher load strength work, moderately paced vs. slower and faster conditions, smaller vs. larger working muscle masses and failure (fatigue) vs. non-failure states. Moreover, per kcal (or kJ) of total energy costs, work (J) is more inefficient with a greater load and lower repetition number as opposed to lower resistance with an increased number of repetitions. The concept of energy costs Rusing disproportionately with increased or prolonged work does not appear to apply to resistance exercise.

4

Nutritional Principles of Adolescent Swimmers

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Ferens K., Przeliorz-Pyszczek A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 25

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issue 1

51-61

EN

Adolescence is a period between age 10 and 19. Intensive changes associated with the development of the organism influence the nutritional needs during this period. Young swimmers’ training is characterized by large volume, so their diet can play an important role in their results and future career. The energy intake of a developing athlete should be determined individually based on gender, anthropometric measurement, character, and number of workouts per day. The frequent presence of drowsiness and fatigue during training may indicate insufficient dietary energy supply. Dehydration exceeding 2% of body weight should be prevented. Isotonic drinks should only be consumed during training longer than 75 minutes. Young swimmers should consume adequate amounts of carbohydrates to restore glycogen reserves before another training unit. Carbohydrates with a high glycemic index of 1-1.2 g/kg b.w./h should be delivered during the post-training period. Immediately following training, a meal containing a complete protein should be consumed to accelerate post-exercise recovery. The total protein supply should be at least 1.2 g/kg b.w./h. The minimum intake of fat in the diet of a young swimmer should be 2 g/kg lean b.w. It is recommended to limit products containing large amounts of saturated fatty acids.

5

Johann Georg Neumann i jego odkrycie

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Biała J.

Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum

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2018

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vol. 9

7-16

EN

In writings dedicated to the history of meteoritics there were no particulars about Johann Georg Neumann who discovered characteristic lines in Braunau meteorite. Search query in archives led to determination who was he and other members of his family.

6

Test-Retest Reliability and Validity of Three Different Agility Tests for Various Team Sports in Young Male Athletes

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Kutlu M., Doğan Ö.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2018

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vol. 22

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issue 2

33-38

EN

The purpose of this study is to examine the reproducibility of three different agility tests in basketball, soccer and water polo team sports. To determine the reliability 44 young male athletes (Basketball age 16.5 ±0.6, height 177.9 ±7.7 weight 70.0 ±7.1; Soccer age 16.3 ±0.5, height 169.2 ±5.0, weight 71.2 ±7.9; Water Polo age 17.1 ±0.7, height 181.3 ±6.7, weight 76.7 ±7.2) performed 3 different agility tests (Zig-Zag, Illinois and AS) on two occasions 1 wk. apart for test-retest. Sprint time scores were analyzed for each test. To determine the reliability Paired Sample T-test and Pearson Correlation Statistics were computed. Scores of teams were compared with ANOVA statistics to determine the difference. Test results showed that there was no significant difference between the two occasions for all agility test on subjects and teams (p > 0.01). There was higher correlation between test-retest values of subjects (r = 0.90–0.97). Three different agility tests were found valid in determining agility with significant moderate level correlation. (r = 0.36–0.44; p < 0.01). Differences among sport branches were found significant for agility scores (p < 0.05). All three agility tests are reliable and valid for team sport athletes. Soccer players had better scores than other branches in soccer specific test (AS). This study showed that sport specific agility tests are more useful than general agility tests.

7

Special Endurance of Young Gymnasts: The Role of Aerobic Capacity in Fatigue Development in the Training

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Sawczyn S., Biskup L., Zasada M., Mishchenko V.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2018

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vol. 23

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issue 3

59-70

EN

In artistic gymnastic alteration of all component of coordination capacities may related to fatigue. So the resistance to fatigue is a specific endurance component, which has direct relation to the techniques of gymnastic exercises. We supposed that changes of motor actions precise in the process of fatigue development during training sessions might presumably have a negative impact on the quality of performing complex gymnastic elements and combinations and set the goal to determine the significance level of aerobic capacity for special endurance. Twelve young skilled gymnasts aged 15-18 years measured the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max). During the training sessions specially designed tests of specific endurance were carried out, heart rate (HR) was measured and the quality of the presentation of the combinations was evaluated (by the sum of the judges' ratings of all the elements). The interrelation between VO2 max, HR in progress of gymnastic combinations and the quality of their performance were analyzed. Results showed that a higher aerobic capacity contributes to a relatively lower HR when performing intense gymnastic combinations and a slower development. Iof “coordination fatigue” t may be of special importance for young athletes at the stage of advanced specialization when a great volume of complex combinations is learned and thus, high volume of training loads is performed. According to obtained data use of the proposed endurance tests is of great importance for control of maintenance of aerobic capacities by young athletes. Account of the factors of “coordination fatigue” development, related to aerobic capacities, may be of special importance for young gymnasts at the stage of advanced specialization when a great volume of complex combinations is learned and thus, high volume of training loads is performed.

8

Physique and Fitness of Swimmers from West Bengal

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Mandal (Majee) A., Sarkar N.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2018

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vol. 24

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issue 4

77-90

EN

The purpose of the present study is to assess the physique and fitness status of young school and college age swimmers from West Bengal. This cross sectional study was carried out on 46 male and 9 female swimmers of 9-20 years of age. The study parameters include body height, body weight, BMI, different anthropometric parameters, skinfold thickness and aerobic power, strength, flexibility, blood pressure and pulmonary function. Besides, history of training was taken by questionnaire. In the present study male and female adolescent swimmers have significantly higher body fat than their non-swimmer counterparts. Besides, respiratory capacity, max. oxygen consumption and flexibility parameters are significantly higher in male and female swimmers than in control group boys and girls. Besides, highly significant correlation has been found between sitting height, arm span and hand span of swimmer with swimming speed, years of training(swimming) and percentage of body fat. Again, pulmonary function, strength and max. oxygen consumption parameters are significantly correlated with years of training and speed of training. Therefore, simple regression equations are constructed to predict strength, respiratory and cardio-vascular parameters of adolescent swimmers on the basis of years of swimming and speed of swimming. When different style of swimming is considered it has been observed that highest Vo2 max value has been found in free style and butterfly swimmers followed by breast stroke and then back stroke swimmers. Swimmers of the present study when compared to international standard, they are shorter and lower in body fat content values and some physiological parameters like Vo2 max, flexibility and hand grip strength than international standard values. From this study it can be concluded that as there is no available information regarding strength, cardiovascular and respiratory status of adolescent girls and boys swimmers of West Bengal, this study can be said to be a pilot study on the basis of which further elaborate investigation requires to be initiated. Thus these baseline information of physique and physiological parameters of adolescent swimmers will provide local database for coaches and sports physiologists to develop proper training schedule and for identification of talent in the early ages.

9

Research Analysis of Selection Criteria at the Initial Stage of Swimming Training of Primary School Junior Students

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Eider P.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 11

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issue 3

55-62

EN

This article serves as a review of literature dedicated to the issue of selection criteria at the initial stage of swimming training of children in junior grades of primary school. Research methods used by the reviewed authors were varied. Only in some cases the overall anthropometric examination was used. This paper presents research results of multiple authors concerned with the swimming initiation age, basic somatic features (height and body mass), physical (motor) fitness, and physical function as major criteria for selection. The literature presented in this article lacks, however, information about potential correlations between the sports skills and measurements of motor skills and somatic features of children who are at an initial stage of competitive swimming. Therefore, this issue has not been discussed in the article.

10

Analysis of Match Performance of Full-backs from Selected European Soccer Leagues

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Konefał M., Chmura P., Andrzejewski M., Pukszta D., Chmura J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 11

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issue 3

45-53

EN

The aim of the present study was the analysis of match activities of full-backs from selected European national soccer leagues. The study sample comprised 30 full-backs playing in the autumn round of the 2014/15 season from five European national top-tier leagues: English Premier League, Spanish Primera Division, German Bundesliga, Russian Priemjer Liga and Italian Serie A. The performance of full-backs (left-back and right-back) from each selected team was analyzed using a professional match analysis system OptaPro which tracks every possible type of ball touch and on the ball action in match covered by a rigid set of definitions. The data for analysis included the total number of passes, total number of crosses, and total number of ball touches performed by the fullbacks in three zones of the pitch: attack, midfield and defense. The study results showed that the full-backs from the Spanish Primera Division executed the highest number of passes and crosses as well as ball touches in the attack zone. They also performed the lowest number of passes in the midfield and defense zones, in which the highest percentage of passes was achieved by the full-backs from the German league teams. The study indicates that in modern soccer defenders must possess a high level of offensive skills that can be necessary in the last stage of a team’s attack.

11

Optimization of the Effort Preparation Process Among the Short Track Female Competitors in a Year Cycle

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Lukanova-Jakubowska A., Konieczny M., Charaśna-Blachucik J., Wieloch M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 12

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issue 4

109-119

EN

The aim of conducted research was an attempt to define the dynamics of aerobic and anaerobic endurance changes in the short track female competitors training during a year cycle which is dependent on the energy characteristic of training burden. Nineteen female competitors of OMKŁS Opole club and KU AZS PO Opole, were put through the examination. Eight of them were members of National Team and Olympic Team (Vancouver 2010), moreover, the competitors participated in the World Cup, World Championship, European Championship. The other examined competitors were members of National Team. With the help of terrain and laboratory tests, an official record was made on every lap time, final time of every trial, HR max and HR medium as well as the concentration of lactate in blood in fourth minute after an effort. In the thirtieth minute, after an effort, HR and lactate concentration were registered in order to define the course of restitution. Anaerobic and mixed parameters were examined by the Wingate test in 7.5% load formula of body weight. The results of researches proved that a selection of applied training burdens was not conductive to the adaptation of process according to the Mathews, Fox model (1976). In the short track, a training burden should reflect the specific of an effort in this discipline, emphasising an anaerobic energy type in a year cycle of preparations.

12

Development of Equestrian Sports at State Stud Farms in Varmia and Masuria between 1947 and 1975

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Wójcik Z., Urban R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2018

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vol. 24

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issue 4

15-24

EN

The regaining by the Polish People’s Republic of territories that prior to the outbreak of World War 2 had remained under the rule of East Prussia set the stage for re-development of equestrianism in and reintroduction of horse breeding to a region that was now Polish Varmia and Masuria. This was a two-stage process whose success depended largely on the perseverance and commitment of one man, Mr. Adam Sosnowski, administrator at the State Horse Breeding Farms. The process was initiated in 1947 when a state stallion station in Ketrzyn and three studs named Garbno, Liski, and Rzeczna were started. Another eight were soon set up through the joint effort and collaboration of managements of local state farming cooperatives, or PGRs, mostly on the grounds of former Prussian horse breeding sites with appropriate technical infrastructure and solidly established stock breeding traditions. Over the years to come, equine breeding farms in Varmia and Masuria underwent numerous reforms and organizational changes, structurally always remaining part of the Polish Ministry of Agriculture. They provided a good foundation for propagating recreational horse riding among members of the general public and, most importantly, helped equestrian sports to return to and develop in the area.

13

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni – ojciec meteorytyki

100%

Biała J.

Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum

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2011

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vol. 2

7-15

EN

E. F. F. Chladni has got into the history of science because of his attainments in investigations of meteorites and in investigations of sound. His theories were so fundamental for both fields that he is called the Father of Meteoritics and the Father of Acoustics.

14

Level of Physical Activity of the Students at the University of Tuzla According to IPAQ

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Ćosić Mulahasanović I., Nožinović Mujanović A., Mujanović E., Atiković A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 1

23-30

EN

The study was conducted using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the aim of this research is to determine the level of physical activity and differences among students, of the University of Tuzla, in relation to gender. The study was conducted on a sample of 813 students (321 male and 492 female) 1st cycle of studies at the University of Tuzla. The results of present study showed that average level of total physical activity for male students was 6,013.493 MET-minutes/week, while female students showed average level of total physical activity was 4,619.381 MET-minutes/ week. We conclude that the total data indicates that in this group of students the physical activity level is sufficient and that there is a lower physical activity among females than males. Also there is a need to continuously take measures for promoting the sports at Universities with the aim of raising the health status of students to a higher level.

15

The influence of muscle soreness on the speed of performing a motor reaction speed task in football goalkeepers during a training camp

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Muracki J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2020

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vol. 32

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issue 4

27-41

EN

Aim: To investigate the influence of muscle soreness on the speed of performing a motor reaction speed task in football goalkeepers. Methods: Twenty-four young healthy football goalkeepers, aged 1618 years old (average 16.7 ±0.67 year), with an average body height of 175.6 ±5.4 cm and body weight of 65 ±5 kg, participated in a study conducted during a 6-day training camp. The first day, referred to as day 0, was intended for initial tests and the following 5 days, referred to as days 15, consisted of training. On day 0, before the training period, anthropometric parameters such as weight and height were measured, subjects were questioned to determine the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived psychophysical readiness (PPR), a speed test with motor reaction choice (ST) was performed using a Smart Speed System and areas with muscle soreness (MS) were recorded by means of a computer tablet with the Navigate Pain application. The goalkeepers participated in two training sessions on each of the following 5 days. Before each training session, the same speed test was performed. Lap times for 5 m and 15 m were recorded. After the second training session each day, the participants drew digital pain maps using a computer tablet, marking separate areas of the body where they felt muscle soreness. These data were consolidated and the total area was analyzed to investigate if, throughout the training, there were any changes to the size of the area that was indicated as having MS. A categorization of body areas was also made to determine areas where muscle soreness was most frequently indicated. Each training session was monitored with heart rate (HR) registration and each goalkeeper determined his fatigue (RPE) and readiness to exercise (PPR) on a 110-point scale. Results: Twenty-three out of twenty-four (98.5%) goalkeepers indicated that they had MS during the study. Day 2 showed the highest incidence rate with 21 participants indicating that they felt MS. The biggest area of MS was also indicated on day 2, yet statistical analysis did not show significant differences in the area of MS between the training days. MS was most often indicated in the upper leg, i.e. the thighs. The average time of the first 5 m was 1.3 [s] (SD = 0.09), ranging from 1.28 [s] to 1.33 [s], while the average time of the following 10 m was 2.07 [s] (SD = 0.18), ranging from 2.04 to 2.1 [s]. The average total speed test time equaled 3.37 [s] (SD = 0.21), ranging from 3.33 to 3.38. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences in any of the results between the training days. Conclusions: Most of the goalkeepers felt muscle soreness as an effect of specific goalkeeper training, measured by indicating painful zones on digital pain drawings. In this study, where muscle soreness was induced by technical-tactical specific goalkeeper training, no significant changes were noticed in the speed of performing a motor speed test with reaction choice or on the area of muscle soreness indicated on digital pain drawings, although almost every goalkeeper had a large area of muscle soreness. Discussion: Many studies show that delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) causes a decrease in strength, power, range of motion and speed. However, in many cases, these studies are designed to induce high intensity DOMS and then conduct isolated motor skill tests. In this study the objective was not to induce high intensity DOMS but to investigate the effect of muscle pain, which is present naturally during training processes, and then assess its effect on a speed test which reflects real game situations – with a component of reaction choice and change of movement and direction. Approaching the subject from a different viewpoint allows us to see that the reliable assessment of the psychophysical state of players, made by observing their actions on the pitch or even using photocells to measure motion speed, is difficult without an insight into the parameters of soreness that players experience. These can be monitored, for example, through digital pain mapping software.

16

Non-formal Education in the Animation of Leisure and Recreation versus the Development of Social Competence

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Paczyńska-Jędrycka M., Łubkowska W.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 13

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issue 1

109-115

EN

This article is an empirical study on the possible use of non-formal education in the broadly understood animation of leisure time. The study was conducted using a diagnostic survey method, as well as the techniques of questionnaire and observation, during the last meeting under the project “Non-Formal and Formal Partnership in Adult Education” (Grundtvig Reference Number 2013-RO1- GRU06-29569 2) in Romania, at the turn of February and March 2015. The study included 16 non-formal education trainers from Greece, Latvia, Poland and Romania. The aim of the study was to show the impact of the project on the beneficiaries and the development of their individual social competence, as well as to demonstrate the work techniques of trainers with different social groups. An animator plays an important role in the organization of leisure time of the society, hence their continuous education seems almost necessary. The improvement of individual social competence of the trainers surveyed will certainly contribute to their attempt to pass a various range of games, plays and other activities (including non-formal education) to the participants of the classes.

17

Supportiveness of university physical environment on undergraduate students’ participation in leisure-time physical activity in south-west Nigeria

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Alayode A., Onanuga O. A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2020

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vol. 32

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issue 4

85-96

EN

Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) has declined among university undergraduate students in Nigeria. Studies have identified the physical environment of universities as a potential cause of the decline; however, this claim has not been verified. Therefore, this study evaluates the role of the physical environment in universities in inducing student participation in LTPA. This study is necessary, as previous research has shown the involvement in LTPA helps in developing the physical, physiological, social, emotional and mental capacities of students. It is also a factor in the relief of daily stress from the heavy academic workloads of the university students. A quantitative research methodology was adopted for this study. A total sample of 2,867 students was selected from 14 public universities in South West Nigeria using a multi-stage sampling technique. It was deduced from the study that the physical environment was a determining factor for LTPA participation among university undergraduate students in South West Nigeria. In addition, it was found that the availability of facility infrastructure that encourages students roaming and safety pre-cautions on campus would enhance participation in LTPA among the university students.

18

A subjective Assessment of Accident Risk in Downhill Skiing by Beginner Skiers and Ski Instructors

100%

Pawelec I.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 13

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issue 1

143-151

EN

Nowadays downhill skiing is one of the most popular form of winter recreation. Although skiing fulfills a number of contemporary health and leisure needs, even skiing on very well-prepared terrain poses several dangers and risks. Objective safety would be the state of being protected or free from all danger. The subjective aspect relates to one’s mental state and is based on their feeling of confidence of another person, organization, or situation. Subjective risk is connected with perception and is dependent not only on how one perceives a threat but also how can assess its possible outcomes. There are three factors composing the qualitative dimension of risk perception, being ‘the fear of risk’, ‘an unknown risk’, and ‘the level of risk’. The first factor is associated with such features as worrying about potential consequences, anxiety, negativity, voluntariness, and the ability to manage risk. Data was collected by use of a diagnostic survey designed by the study’s author (Risk Assessment Questionnaire). In total, 53 participants completed the survey (26 instructors, 27 beginners). Beginner skiers believed there to be a higher level of risk in skiing than ski instructors, especially among aspects that assessed their perception of risk that concerned themselves. Beginner skiers clearly assessed the risk of downhill skiing higher when it concerned their own welfare and declared higher levels of fear of being involved in an accident.

19

Changes in Motor Skills of Boys who Trained Sports Swimming in an Annual Training Cycle

100%

Eider P.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 12

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issue 4

121-133

EN

This paper presents an empirical approach to the changes in motor skills of children who trained sports swimming at the initial stage of school education in an annual training cycle. The research included 94 boys aged 7 (1st grade of elementary school); 57 of them belonged to the Swimmers group and 37 belonged to the Control group. All boys attended elementary schools in Szczecin, Poland. Motor skills were assessed with 8 tests of the EUROFIT Test Battery. The study resulted in the following conclusions: I. Dynamics of changes in terms of overall balance, static strength, functional strength (between Examination I and II) was greater in the Swimmers group. II. In terms of upper limb movement, agility, explosive strength, torso strength, and agility run, differences between results of both examinations were similar in the Swimmers and Control groups. III. Progressive changes in motor skill of subjects were a positive phenomenon in the physical development of children. Thus, swimming trainings significantly impacted dynamics of positive changes in motor skills of boys at the early stage of school education. IV. Regular participation in sports classes (including swimming classes) had positive impact on motor skill development of children, which is of utmost importance at that age.

20

Uniwersytet Wrocławski w czasach Ernsta Friedricha Chladniego

100%

Grodzicki A.

Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum

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2011

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vol. 2

180-181

Refine search results

Tematyka meteorytowa w wileńskim ośrodku naukowym

The Diversity of the Place of Residence of Students and their Level of Physical Activity

MODELING THE TOTAL ENERGY COSTS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE: A WORK IN PROGRESS

Nutritional Principles of Adolescent Swimmers

Johann Georg Neumann i jego odkrycie

Test-Retest Reliability and Validity of Three Different Agility Tests for Various Team Sports in Young Male Athletes

Special Endurance of Young Gymnasts: The Role of Aerobic Capacity in Fatigue Development in the Training

Physique and Fitness of Swimmers from West Bengal

Research Analysis of Selection Criteria at the Initial Stage of Swimming Training of Primary School Junior Students

Analysis of Match Performance of Full-backs from Selected European Soccer Leagues

Optimization of the Effort Preparation Process Among the Short Track Female Competitors in a Year Cycle

Development of Equestrian Sports at State Stud Farms in Varmia and Masuria between 1947 and 1975

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni – ojciec meteorytyki

Level of Physical Activity of the Students at the University of Tuzla According to IPAQ

The influence of muscle soreness on the speed of performing a motor reaction speed task in football goalkeepers during a training camp

Non-formal Education in the Animation of Leisure and Recreation versus the Development of Social Competence

Supportiveness of university physical environment on undergraduate students’ participation in leisure-time physical activity in south-west Nigeria

A subjective Assessment of Accident Risk in Downhill Skiing by Beginner Skiers and Ski Instructors

Changes in Motor Skills of Boys who Trained Sports Swimming in an Annual Training Cycle

Uniwersytet Wrocławski w czasach Ernsta Friedricha Chladniego