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1

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Shigella and Salmonella Causing Diarrhoea in Children Below 5 Years at Thika Level Five District Hospital

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Kibet S. C., Matiru V. N., Kibaba P. W., Mucheke A., Louis H.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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vol. 11

28-36

EN

The aim of the study was to isolate and identify the extent of Salmonella and Shigella induced diarrhoea in children under five and to determine their antibacterial susceptibility patterns. The method of investigation was a cross-sectional study. Samples were collected from children less than five years old afflicted with diarrhoea coming for treatment at Thika Level Five Hospital, Kiambu County. A total of 80 stool samples were collected. These were specifically examined for Shigella and Salmonella. In doing so, the samples were cultured in MacConkey and Xylose lactose deoxycholate (XLD) agar. The plates were subsequently incubated aerobically at 37 °C overnight. After incubation, suspected Salmonella and Shigella colonies were identified morphologically, marked and the colonies inoculated to biochemical tests for species identification as described in the Medical Laboratory Manual. Following this, colonies derived from purity plating through biochemical testing were sub-cultured onto nutrient agar to obtain pure colonies. The obtained pure colonies were then used to perform susceptibility tests to commonly prescribed antibacterial drugs, including Gentamicin, Ciproflaxicin and Erythromycin. Results showed 10 (12.5%) confirmed positive isolates, where 6 (60%) were Salmonella and 4 (40%) Shigella. With respect to age, both isolates were found to be concentrated more at ages of 1-4 years. Herein, Salmonella – 1-2 years (33.33%), - 2-3years (50%); Shigella – 1-2 years (50%), - 2-3 years (25%). From the study, sex distribution (male or female) of the host isolates was equal (50-50%). Moreover, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin were the most potent antibiotics, whereas Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Cotrimoxazole and Sulfamethoxazole were highly resisted. According to study results, Quinolones and Aminogylcosides are the antibiotics of choice for severe diarrhoea illnesses caused by Salmonella and Shigella.

2

The brazilian Caatinga biome where the Pankararu indigenous live

100%

Dario F. R.

The Institute of Biopaleogeography named under Charles R. Darwin

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2021

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vol. 10

1-69

EN

This paper is a photographic summary of studies carried out in July-August 2012 in Pankararu indigenous territories, located in the Pernambuco State, Brazil, in the Caatinga biome. A scientific expedition was carried out to analyze the environmental impacts of a project in the region and more specifically the possible interferences in the life of the indigenous inhabitants of the region and live in harmony with the environment. The photos show some structures of indigenous villages, important geological formations in the Pankararu territory, the Caatinga where studies were carried out and some of the bird species registered.

3

Earthworm species as pointer for herbaceous flora distribution and health of soil in Onigambari Forest Reserve, Oyo state Nigeria

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Onafurume O. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 26

80-95

EN

Amongst various and diverse organisms, earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) are the most important components of soil biota when it comes to soil formation and maintenance of soil structure and fertility. The presence of earthworms modifies the soil quality of the environment due to their burrowing and casting. This affects the activities of other organisms. Thus, they are also termed “ecosystem engineers”. However, while we begin to understand the role of surface casts, it is still unclear to what extent plants utilize subsurface casts. This work is a study of the floral community structure as influenced by surface cast so as to determine the functional groups of earthworms in the natural forest zone of Onigambari Forest Reserve. This reserve is located at latitude 07°25’N and longitude 3°53’E within the low and semi-deciduous forest belt of Nigeria. It is divided into two: natural and plantation forests. Herein, the simple random sampling technique was used to select 10 geo-referenced plots (15m × 15m each). Three 1.0m × 1.0m square quadrats were randomly laid on each plot to give 30 sampling points surveyed for data collection. Data were collected on floral composition, relative importance values (RIV), earthworm composition and diversity, and physicochemical components of the soil. Twenty eight herbaceous plants were enumerated. Andropogon gayanus had the highest relative importance value (RIV) of (20.499), while Acroceras zizanoides and Platostoma africanum had the least RIV (1.1782) amongst other four. Seven earthworm species were enumerated, with Eisenia fetida having the highest RIV (28.571), while Octoclasion cyaneam and Lumbricum rubellus had the least. The species richness of earthworms was high (0.8061) and evenly distributed (0.8405), but with a low diversity (H’ = 1.772). There are two functional groups of earthworm in the natural forest zone, seven were surface dwelling, while only Lumbricus terrestris was sub-surface dwelling. The health of flora and soil of the natural forest zone of Onigambari forest reserve is low. Prevention of outside influence on the forest zone, seeding and deposition of organic waste matter to the soil are strategies that would enhance abundance and diversity of earthworms in the natural forest zone.

4

Occurrence of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) - producing Escherichia coli in wastewater of two healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria

100%

Adekanmbi A. O., Adeyemi A. O., Olajide O. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 26

167-175

EN

Most industries in developing countries of the world, especially hospitals and other clinical settings, lack wastewater treatment facilities, and as such, untreated wastewater from their operations are discharged into water bodies without any form of treatment. This study aimed at the antibiotic sensitivity profile and ESBL production in E. coli isolated from untreated hospital wastewater before discharge into the environment. Untreated wastewater from two hospitals, a State Government-owned hospital (SGH) and a privately-owned hospital (POH) with no wastewater treatment facilities were sampled for a period of four months. Isolation of E. coli was carried out using the pour plate technique on Eosin Methylene Blue agar, while identification was carried out using conventional methods. Determination of ESBL production was done by means of the Double Disc Synergy Technique and antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out by employing the disc diffusion method. A total of fifty-eight (58) E. coli were obtained: SGH at 55 and POH at 3. Herein, in 100% of the total count, resistance was indicated for ampicillin and ertapenem, while 14%, 11%, 16% and 57% of the total count were resistant to ceftazidime, cefpodoxime, cefotaxime and amoxicillin-clavulanate, respectively. In addition, 94.8% showed resistance to tetracycline, 19% to ciprofloxacin, 6.9% to gentamycin, 39.7% to chloramphenicol and 55% and 47% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and nalidixic acid, respectively. Furthermore, 94.8% of all the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), while 29.3% were ESBL positive. Wastewater from the two hospitals under study contained ESBL positive and MDR E. coli, suggesting a need to forestall a potential threat to public health by treating the wastewater generated by both hospitals before discharge into the environment.

5

Physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of Lagneraria siceraria seed oil

100%

Magu T. O., Sunday E. A., Louis H., Upla P. U., Ukpanah M. A., Nyong B. E.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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vol. 10

70-79

EN

Oil was extracted from the dehulled seeds of Lagneraria siceraria (bottle gourd) and analysed for physico-chemical properties, as well a fatty acid composition. Standard procedures were employed in all analysis. The seed oil was liquid at room temperature with percentage yield (23.65%). The oil was characterized in terms of specific gravity (0.918 g/cm3), refractive index (1.34), viscosity (26.46 X 103 poise), melting point (11-14.5 °C), moisture content (0.18%), saponification value (203.36 mg KOH/g), unsaponifiable matter (7.13%), iodine value (46.1 g/100g), peroxide value (7.5 meq/kg), free fatty acid value (18.42%), acid value (60.02 mg KOH/g) and ester value (143.34 mg KOH/g). It was also classified as non- drying (iodine value ˂115 g/100 g). The peroxide value indicates that the oil is less prone to rancidity with iodine value less than 30meq/kg. The high saponification value qualifies it for use in the manufacture of soaps and shampoos. Four classes of fatty acid were identified in the oil: palmitic acid (C16:1) (13.5 ± 0.21), stearic acid (C18:1) (6.5 ± 0.96), oleic acid (C18:1) (11.6 ± 0.62) and linoleic acid (C18:2) (68.4 ± 0.13). Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the oil. The fatty acid content of the oil reveals that L. Siceraria seed oil could be a rich source of oil for domestic and industrial purposes if exploited.

6

An Analytical Review on Inter-relationships Between Climate Change and Malaria Transmission

100%

Pawar A., Kumar S.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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vol. 11

1-4

EN

Prolong changes in climatic parameters may affect not only the geographical distribution of various vector borne diseases, but also is projected to have adverse effects on human health with regard to infectious diseases, particularly malaria. Malaria is perceived as the world’s most devastating infectious disease, and is responsible for very high morbidity and mortality. A number of socioeconomic, environmental and behavioral factors affect the disease prevalence. Despite these factors, the impact of climate on probability of malaria transmission remains contentious.

7

THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SWIMMING TRAINING PROTOCOLS ON CARDIAC CAPACITY AND VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION THRESHOLD IN RATS

100%

Chinkin A. S.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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vol. 2

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issue 2

9-14

EN

Irregular heartbeats and different forms of ventricular ectopic activity are a common occurrence among elite athletes with high contractile cardiac capacity. At the same time, experiments demonstrated that the electrical stimulation threshold, causing ventricular fibrillation, increases during adaptation to physical exe rcise, without the increase in the contractile cardiac capacity. The research purpose is to examine the dependence of ventricular fibrillation threshold and contractile cardiac capacity on intensity and duration of swimming sessions, as well as duration of the training period. Female Wistar rats were assigned to five groups: sedentary (S), training 1 (T1, low intensity), training 2 (T2, moderate intensity), training 3 (T3, long-term), training 4 (T4, exhaustive). At the end of the experimental period, the rats were anesthetized and their ventricles irritated with rectangular pulses of 10 ms duration, to determine the minimum current causing ventricular fibrillation. The cardiac capacity was assessed by the maximum pressure in the left ventricle, at full aortic-cross clamping. The ventricular fibrillation threshold was increased by 60% in T1, 57.5% in T2 and 74% in T3, but no difference in T4 was observed, compared with S. The pick pressure in the left ventricle after aortic cross-clamping in T1 and T2 was not enhanced, compared with S; in T3 and T4, however, it was significantly increased. Physical exercise training changed the ventricular fibrillation threshold and cardiac contractile capacity, independently of the intensity of exercise. The rise of the ventricular fibrillation threshold and its contractile capacity can be demonstrated during a long adaptation to moderate-term sessions of aerobic exercises.

8

Improvement of Parkia Seedling Growth using Various Seed Dormancy Breaking Technologies in Different Soil Media

100%

Oyebamiji N. A., Abdulrahman H. D., Ogor A. A.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 22

139-150

EN

Improvement of Parkia seedling growth on plant height (PH) using seed dormancy breaking technologies in different soil media was investigated at nursery unit of Department for Forestry and Wildlife Management, Federal University Dutsin-Ma. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replicates was the design used. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the means were separated using Fishers’ Least Significant Difference (F-LSD; P≤ 0.05). Emergence of seeds was observed to commence four days after sowing (DAS) in mechanically scarified seeds (MS). The top soil added with mycorrhiza at 120 g (M120+) had significantly higher value (24.01) on PH at 10 weeks after sowing (WAS) in the main effect. In the interactive effect, seeds soaked in 98 % concentrated tetraoxosulphate (V1) (H2SO4) for 2 and 4 minutes (A2 and A4) and sowed in sterilized top soil (SS) and non-sterilized (NS) had significantly higher values (16.70 and 16.25) and (27.60 and 28.25) on PH at 4 and 12 WAS respectively. Seeds soaked in H2SO4 for 6 minutes (A6) and sowed in M120+ had higher value (15.60) on PH at 4 WAS. MS in M60+, hot water (HW) at 80 ºC and 100 ºC for 10 and 5 minutes had higher effect (16.52 and 16.48) on PH at 4 WAS. MS in HW at 60 ºC for 15 minutes and HW 80 ºC in M60+ was significant on PH (26.80, 27.85 and 29.00) at 12 WAS. HW 60 ºC in SS had higher effect (15.95) on PH at 4 WAS. In conclusion, mechanically scarified seeds, seeds soaked in H2SO4 acid for 2-6 minutes and in hot water between 60 ºC to 100 ºC for at most 15 minutes break Parkia dormancy and grow rapidly in ectomycorrhiza soil.

9

Isolation of bacteria from soil sample of Tamil Nadu and their in vitro interaction

100%

Sankari D., Khusro A., Aarti C.

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2020

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vol. 28

67-75

EN

The present study was investigated to determine the competitive interaction between Gram positive (B. subtilis) and Gram negative (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) bacteria in vitro. Bacteria of interest were isolated from soil sample and were identified through morphological and biochemical tests. Bacterial cultures were grown alone and as co- culture in test tubes containing sterile broth. Bacterial growth and their growth inhibition in co- culture tubes were analyzed till 96 h through spectrophotometric assay and colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Spectrophotometric analysis and CFU/mL assay showed that the effect of B. subtilis on P. aeruginosa and E. coli in co- culture tubes was growth inhibitory. This is accompanied by the reduction in absorbance value and CFU/mL of the co-culture tubes. The bactericidal activity of B. subtilis was measured on P. aeruginosa and E. coli using agar well diffusion method. B. subtilis showed zone of inhibition of 8 mm and 6 mm against P. aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively. The antagonistic activity test of B. subtilis favoured the spectrophotometric and colony forming assay results. These results suggest that B. subtilis develop adaptational pathways by extracellular signaling molecules and antibacterial factors in order to compete with bacterial neighbors.

10

Antibody - Biological warfare agents

100%

Mayrolle P., Kuillon J. M., Kuéry S., Aulin V., Kirondot M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2016

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vol. 5

1-19

EN

An antibody (Ab), also known as immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shape protein consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains (Figure 1) which form a functionally bivalent monomer that is produced by B cells receptor used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. Current widely used rapid detection systems exploit antibodies for recognition, identification and quantification of target analytes [68]. Abs played an important role in the advancement of diagnostic assays, making these indispensable in diagnostic tests that are commonly used routinely in clinics in classical immunological methods such as ELISA, dot blot immunobinding assays, electro-chemiluminescence, flow cytometry and several microscopic techniques like fluorescence, as well as in the construction of numerous immunosensors. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) usually exists as a pentamer in mammals that predominates in primary immune responses to most antigens, and is the most efficient complement fixing immunoglobulin. It comprises approximately 10% of all normal human serum Ig content. IgM is mainly produced by the immune system for protection against numerous viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections.

11

Production and characterization of biodiesel from coconut extract (Cocos nucifera)

100%

Maitera O. N., Louis H., Dass P. M., Akakuru U. O., Joshua Y.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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vol. 9

62-70

EN

In this study, oil was extracted from coconut. The extracted oil was used to produce biodiesel and the oil and the biodiesel produced were characterised. Biodiesel fuels are alternative diesel fuels usually obtained from renewable sources, mainly, vegetable and animal oils. Oil was extracted from coconuts bought from a local market in Wukari Taraba State, Nigeria, by means of the solvent method. The extracted coconut oil was then characterized. This showed that the coconut oil has a density of 0.91 g, viscosity of 23 mm2/s, saponification value of 191 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 10 mgl2/g, acid value 1of 4.0 mg KOH/g and flash point of 266 °C. The biodiesel of the oil was produced using a transesterification process. The biodiesel was also characterized. Results obtained showed that the biodiesel has a density of 0.89 g, viscosity of 2.83 mm2/s, acid value of 0.18 mg KOH/g, saponification value of 91 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 8 mgl2/g, acid value of 0.18 mg KOH/g and flash point of 110 °C. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesel produce from coconut oil is comparable with that of standard biodiesel in the range of ASTM specifications.

12

Potential biological control agents against mosquito vector in the case of larvae stage: A review

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Kendie F. A.

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2020

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vol. 28

34-50

EN

Malaria is a major public health problem in most tropical and subtropical regions, including in our country, Ethiopia. A report published in 2010 stated that more than 1.2 million global malaria deaths due to malaria occurred in the one year alone. This figure includes both children and adults. Malaria disease is transferred from an infected person to an uninfected one by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. Herein, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. knowlesi are the most important malaria causing parasites. Malaria disease does not have any effective treatment in the form of vaccines or drugs, so vector control is the only possible ways of prevention. Mosquito control using pesticides is presently the most widely used method for disease control. However, insecticide resistance has enabled pest resurgence, and the insecticides themselves have negative effects on human health, the environment and non-target organisms. In order to avoid these problems, biological control methods are proposed to control mosquito vectors. Biological control is an ecologically safe and effective means of minimizing pests and pest damage by means of using natural enemies. This review article offers an over view of the most favorable biological control methods for malaria extermination, such as larvivorous fish, entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and toxorhynchites larva. Here, we will discuss the current literature regarding biological control agents against the mosquito vector, and in doing so, will bring to light the importance of biological control in countering malaria. Finally, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of biological control methods, as compared with other methods commonly used to control malaria.

13

Role of garlic (Allium sativum) as feed supplements in poultry industries: An overview

100%

Aarti C., Khusro A.

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2020

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vol. 29

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issue 3

151-161

EN

Garlic (Allium sativum) is considered as wonder drug of the medicinal world due to its multifunctional beneficial aspect. Garlic constitutes at least 33 sulphur containing compounds, several enzymes, amino acids, and minerals. Over the past few years, garlic has been utilized as potential feed supplement in order to improve the growth performances and other biochemical properties of broiler chicken. The supplementation of garlic in basal diet has significantly increased the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Previous studies have suggested the pivotal role of garlic as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in poultry industries. This review overviews the studies investigated in the recent years for improving the growth performances and other important parameters of poultry.

14

Survival analysis of maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) exposed to some medicinal plant powders

100%

Nsobinenyui D., Mbafor L. F., Mensiy W. S., Abdulai A. N., Mapiemfu-Lamare D., Sama V., Achiri D. T., Njualem D. K.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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vol. 43

126-137

EN

Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is a very destructive pest of stored maize, accounting for about 15 – 25 % of loss, and sometimes 100% in severe infestation. Synthetic pesticide is often the first step of control, which is often costly, scarce, detrimental to the environment and human health. As a result, more environmentally friend options like the use of botanicals are encouraged, in line with the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of this study was to assess how fast to kill and how hazardous are four medicinal plant powders on maize weevil. The study was conducted in June-July, 2020 in the Food Science laboratory of Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda. Plant powders of pawpaw Carica papaya seeds, cypress Cupressus macrocarpa leaves, piper Piper nigrum seeds and a control (no-input) were assessed. Mortality was observed every 48 hr for 192 hr (8 days). The data was subjected to survival analysis using SPSS ver. 23. The proportion of Event (mortality) and Censored (no mortality) at varied amongst treatment with Event in piper significantly higher ((χ2 = 26.2, df = 7, P < 0.001) than Censored, and the reverse was the case for the other treatments. Only the piper treatment had 50% lethal time (LT50) of 144 hr. The Kaplan-Meier survival probability curve of piper had many sharp drops unlike the flat curves for control and pawpaw. Hazard ratios were 0.553, 2.47and 0.819 for pawpaw, piper and cypress, respectively. We proposed the possibility of exploring the angle formed between the line linking both ends of the survival curve and the horizontal line linking the end of the survival curve and the y-axis to assess the degree of hazardousness. The findings of this study revealed that piper powder killed the maize weevil very fast and was also the most hazardous treatment. We strongly recommend the integration of piper seed powder in the management of stored maize in order to prolong the shelve life, and maintain the quality and quantity of stored maize.

15

Effects of rooting hormones on the juvenile stem cuttings of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae)

100%

Dada C. A., Kayode J., Arowosegbe S.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 23

336-342

EN

Annona muricata is a recognized medicinal plant species. Despite its usefulness, adequate attention has not been given to its propagation and cultivation. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of some rooting hormones on juvenile stem cuttings of Annona muricata. Uniform, healthy, single node leafy stem cuttings were obtained from eighty (80) uniformly growing seedlings. The cuttings were treated with 1mg/ml of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), 1 mg/ml of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), coconut water and distilled water as control, using the quick dip method. The percentage survival of the cuttings, percentage of die back, number of new roots formed per cutting, length of new roots formed, and number of new shoot were assessed after 60 days. Results obtained revealed that the species responded differently to the four treatments. Coconut water had the highest survivor percentage (100%) and IBA had the lowest (25%). Coconut water had the highest mean number of roots (5.25) and IBA had the least (1.75), but there was no significant difference between the values obtained from IBA and distilled water. IAA had the highest mean value (1.80) for new shoots, while IBA had the least value and there was no significant difference between the values obtained from coconut water and distilled water. Significant differences, however, did abound in the root length. Coconut water had the highest mean root length value (4.70 cm), followed by distilled water (1.95 cm), while IBA had 1.55 cm and IAA had the least value (0.80 cm). Thus the use of coconut water might enhance the development of stem cuttings of Annona muricata.

16

MicroRNA and Immune Response to Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections

100%

Agosile O. O., Benson U., Oduwe U., Okei N. C., Fajobi S. J., Akachukwu S. O., Oyetayo B. O., Faniyi A. J., Njoku P. C., Olagunju A. S.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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vol. 44

24-42

EN

Several kinds of microRNA have been studied as prospective biomarkers in the pursuit of better diagnostics tests for infectious diseases. miRNA which is processed mostly from introns plays a significant role in gene expression involving cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and immune response. Many miRNA mimics or inhibitors are in their clinical phases and advancement in RNA interference will make miRNA become effective tools in the treatment of human infectious diseases. miRNA has been discovered to be largely involved in viral gene regulation as well as the change of host cellular genes during viral infections. The role of miRNA in most bacterial infections has not been thoroughly explored compared to viral infections. Recent studies have highlighted the vital role of host immunity against bacterial infections. miRNA that is sequenced due to fungal infections bear a close similarity to those produced in response to allergy or inflammation. Host-derived miRNA plays a vital role in immune regulation; inflammatory responses may be enhanced or inhibited by its upregulation or downregulation. Here, we outlined the involvement of microRNA in viral, fungal, and bacterial infections and the immune response associated. Further studies on these, will provide advanced diagnostic and treatment protocols for infectious diseases.

17

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol Agent against Tomato and Pepper Disease: A review

100%

Habtamu M., Lamenew F.

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2020

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vol. 28

13-23

EN

Tomato and pepper are some of the most important and widely grown vegetable crops in the world. Like many other vegetables and fruits, tomato and pepper are threatened by biotic and abiotic stresses. Conventional agricultural practices frequently rely on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides that have adverse effects on humans, animals and environments. In this situation, the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can better crop yield, as these are vital components of soil fertility and plant growth promotion, moreover, they can display antagonistic effects against phytopathogens. Under such circumstances, knowledge about the local bacterial populations, their identification, and their implications for improving management practices (vis-a-vis plant growth promotion and destruction of plant diseases) is very important. Recent advances in microbial and molecular techniques have significantly contributed to introducing many different bacterial genera into soils, onto seeds, roots, tubers or other planting materials to control disease and improve productivity. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have been generally applied to high value crops like tomato and pepper. Thus, this review is intended to summaries the literature on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for growth promotion potential and biocontrol agent against tomato and pepper disease.

18

Potent Application of the Lyophilized Aqueous Leaf Extract of Euphorbia hirta (Tawa-Tawa) in the Development of a Naturally Flavored Ice Cream

100%

Ureta M. J. N. M., Perez I. N. A., Carmona V. M. C., Uretad R. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 21

118-129

EN

Euphorbia hirta (Tawa-tawa), also known as “gatas-gatas”, is a hairy herb grown in open grasslands, roadsides and pathways. This indigenous plant is considered as one of the most popular folkloric treatment for dengue in the Philippines. When researched, Tawa-tawa was found to be able to promote cell production, and to prevent platelet destruction (Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, 2013). In this study, a new application of the plant was evaluated. This was as a natural supplement for ice cream production without the degradation of its essential compounds. Fresh leaves of E. hirta were oven dried and macerated to water for 48 hours. The obtained extracts were subjected to lyophilization to prevent potential degradation of plant’s essectial compounds. Ice cream formulation was added with the obtained powdered extract of E. hirta. Results revealed that the lyophilized extracts from E. hirta leaves contained flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols and saponins. Promising amounts of Vitamin B2 (5.02 mg/kg), Beta-carotene (9.8 mg/kg), Vitamin E (23.8 mg/kg) and Vitamin C (80.2 mg/kg) were also obtained. Meanwhile, the E. hirta supplemented ice cream was negative to Salmonella and a 16 CFU/g for Total Coliform Count was found. What is more, organoleptic testing for both taste and texture revealed excellent responses and very good aroma. The findings of the current study affirmed the feasibility of developing a naturally-based ice cream product supplemented with a medicinal plant like E. hirta. The results indicate that the developed ice cream is safer and healthier, hence could encourage everyone to enjoy the delights of eating ice cream without worry of gastronomic distress.

19

Evaluation of botanicals against: mosquito larvae to the extracts Acalypha indica L.

100%

Muthaiyan R., Phejen P., Nienu R., Periyasamy S., Nandakumar R.

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2020

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vol. 30

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issue 2

169-177

EN

Acalypha indica is the important medicinal herb found commonly on the waste land and roadsides throughout India. Their various uses in traditional medicine are for curative properties against inflammation, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, fever, bacterial infection and jaundice. The mosquito control potential of common indigenous plant, Acalypha indica. Mosquito species used for toxicity bioassay are Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae and Armigeres subalbatus. Acalypha indica activities of the plant extracts vary according to the species. The mortality rate of 4th stage larva at 5% concentration was significantly higher than the mortality, rates at 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% concentrations of crude plant extract at 12 hours and 24 h exposure. A higher mortality rate was observed at 24 h bioassay than at 12 h. Since these plants are available very easily and cheaply, we can use these extracts in the field.

20

Bacteriuria of women of child bearing age

100%

Bakpolor V. R.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2018

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vol. 20

255-266

EN

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common diseases encountered worldwide. In this study, urine samples were collected from thirty women of child bearing age (18-25 years) to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria, as well as the presence of pus cells and white blood cells which are signs of infection. The urine microscopy result revealed that 7 (23.3%) of the sample had greater than 10 leucocytes per high power field. Only four of the samples had a significant number of pus cells. The bacteria count recorded ranged from 25 cfu/0.001 ml to 276 cfu/0.001 ml. Of the samples, 13 were positive for bacteriuria having bacterial count greater than 100 cfu/0.001 ml. The bacteria isolates include Klebsiella spp. (3.8%), Streptococcus spp. (2.5%). Escherichia coli (62.5%) and Staphylococcus spp. (21.2%). Of these, Klebsiella spp. was the least prevalent and Escherichia coli had the highest number of occurrence. These organisms were very sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Zinnacef and Gentamycin according to the antimicrobial susceptibility test carried out. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective antibiotics against all the bacterial isolates. Here, zones of inhibition ranged from 15 mm (Streptococcus spp.) to 20 mm (Escherichia coli). All the bacterial isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin, with zones of inhibition between 11 (Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp.) and 13 mm (Streptococcus spp.). Since the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria is high, early diagnosis and proper treatment is necessary in order to prevent it from becoming symptomatic.

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Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Shigella and Salmonella Causing Diarrhoea in Children Below 5 Years at Thika Level Five District Hospital

The brazilian Caatinga biome where the Pankararu indigenous live

Earthworm species as pointer for herbaceous flora distribution and health of soil in Onigambari Forest Reserve, Oyo state Nigeria

Occurrence of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) - producing Escherichia coli in wastewater of two healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of Lagneraria siceraria seed oil

An Analytical Review on Inter-relationships Between Climate Change and Malaria Transmission

THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SWIMMING TRAINING PROTOCOLS ON CARDIAC CAPACITY AND VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION THRESHOLD IN RATS

Improvement of Parkia Seedling Growth using Various Seed Dormancy Breaking Technologies in Different Soil Media

Isolation of bacteria from soil sample of Tamil Nadu and their in vitro interaction

Antibody - Biological warfare agents

Production and characterization of biodiesel from coconut extract (Cocos nucifera)

Potential biological control agents against mosquito vector in the case of larvae stage: A review

Role of garlic (Allium sativum) as feed supplements in poultry industries: An overview

Survival analysis of maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) exposed to some medicinal plant powders

Effects of rooting hormones on the juvenile stem cuttings of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae)

MicroRNA and Immune Response to Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol Agent against Tomato and Pepper Disease: A review

Potent Application of the Lyophilized Aqueous Leaf Extract of Euphorbia hirta (Tawa-Tawa) in the Development of a Naturally Flavored Ice Cream

Evaluation of botanicals against: mosquito larvae to the extracts Acalypha indica L.

Bacteriuria of women of child bearing age