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EN
The scope of this study was the removal of heavy metal ions, ammonium and organic substances by ion exchange from municipal wastewaters. Clinoptilolite, bentonite, and palygorskite are especially interesting in the group of inorganic sorbents because of their specific physico-chemical properties. Specific surface areas and pore distributions were determined for the above sorbents. Sorption kinetics of Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and ammonium ions in synthetic solutions and wastewaters were investigated on the above sorbents. Ion sorption process was carried out with a static method at various phase contact times. The atomic adsorption spectroscopy method was used for measurements of heavy metal contents. The adsorption process was found to be pH and concentration dependent. The removal mechanism of metal ions was by adsorption and ion exchange processes. The FT-IR photoacoustic spectroscopy method was used to study mechanism of Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and ammonium ions sorption on the clinoptilolite, bentonite and palygorskite. The spectra of FT-IR/PAS before and after sorption of Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and ammonium ions were investigated.
EN
Pentachloropyridine crystals in two polymorphic modifications: tetragonal and monoclinic were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized IR and Raman spectroscopy in 20 to 200 cm^{-1} region and at different temperatures from melting point down to the liquid nitrogen temperature. The 4 K difference in melting points of both forms indicates the occurrence of monotropy. The spectra were discussed in terms of positional disorder in the studied crystals which often happen to be mixtures of the monoclinic crystal and the L- and D-forms of the tetragonal one. The monotropic transition of the metastable tetragonal crystal into the stable monoclinic one was observed in the Raman spectra and under the polarizing microscope at temperatures ranging from 170 to 185 K and as an anomaly on the differential scanning calorymetry diagram at 193 K.
EN
In the paper the example papers from the Department of Inorganic Chemistry are presented. They are connected with the research of sorption and separation of inorganic and organic species on ion exchangers and sorbents of various types are presented. The main subjects include physicochemical studies of metal ions removal on anion exchangers, chelating and modified ion exchangers as well as zeolites, sorption and separation of rare earth elements, recovery of noble metal particularly from chloride solutions by ion exchange or extraction method, application of the anion exchangers of various types in dyes removal from aqueous solutions and wastewaters and chemistry of porphyrins in the aspect of environmental protection.
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