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EN
During the study, 653 species of insects have been found in the Bolimów Landscape Park, including 62 rare and interesting species. Among them the beetle Aderus peniaiomus is a new species for the Polish fauna. Many species occurring here are new for the Mazovia region.
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Cechy solarne klimatu Łodzi

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EN
The objective of the study was the characterization of solar regime of Łódź and the surroundings e.g. the daily, the annual, the long-term variability of sunshine duration and total and UV solar radiation, the structure of sunshine duration with a special consideration of sunless and very sunny days, the relationship between solar components of climate, the influences of clouds on solar radiation income to an active surfaces, etc. The experimental materials for the study constituted of the daily totals of actual and relative sunshine duration in the period 1951-2000, the daily sums of total solar radiation in the period 1991-2002, measured in the Łódź-Lublinek station (S-W part of the city), 5-year data series of 10-minutes averages of intensity (in Wm-2) of total (305-2800 nm) and UV (290-400 nm) solar radiation in the period 1997-2001, registered in the city center of Łódź. The long-term tendencies of sunshine duration were analyzed by means of linear regression method and sequential version of the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. All months excluding March, June and September are distinguished by a growing tendency of actual and relative sunshine duration. The number of sunny hours increases in spring, summer and winter, and decreases in autumn. An increase of annual sunshine duration totals (3.5h/year) within the 50-year period was stated. Transformation of the annual course of sunshine duration within 50-year period was detected. The annual maximum of sunshine duration during the first 25-year period occurred in June and September. The second 25-year period was characterized by increase of the number of sunny hour in May and August and by decrease of sunshine duration in June and September. The time of registration of sunshine duration extended in the morning hours and before the Sun set as a consequences of low cloudiness negative trend. The structure of sunshine duration in Łódź was presented in 5 classes of possible sunshine duration (0 - sunless days, 0.1-25% - cloudy days, 25.1-50% - moderately sunny days, 50.1-75% - sunny days, > 75% - very sunny days). Only very sunny days were distinguished by a positive annual totals trend, on average 4 days per 10 years. The tendencies of sunshine duration recorded in Łódź within fifty last years are representative for Poland and result from the macroscale factor (atmospheric circulation) not only from the influences of local (anthropogenic) conditions. The regular fluctuations in the time series of sunshine duration and solar radiation were investigated by Blackman-Tukey classical spectral analysis method. The weak periodicity (statistical insignificance) amounted 8.3, 2.5, 2.8, 3.8 years and the significance short oscillations amounted 182.5, 91.2, 73 days were detected in sunshine duration time series. The total and UV solar radiation time series were characterized by 182.5, 121.7, 73 days significance periodicities. The values of transmission coefficient of total and UV solar radiation were investigated. The daily values of transmission coefficient varied from 25% (total radiation) and 14% (UV) in December to 50% (total radiation) and 26% (UV) in May.
EN
In this paper the geobotanical character of some parts of the Broników forest range is presented. The results of researches taken place during 1998 and 1999 are 36 taxons of lichens, 24 species of bryophytes and 77 species of vascular plants found on this area. The following plant communities were distinguished: Cladonio-Pinetum, Leucohryo-Pinetum, Molinio-Pinetum, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pineium. The location of distinguished communities was shown on a real vegetation map.
EN
The Wzniesienia Łódzkie Landscape Park was founded in 1996 within the administrative boundaries of Łódź and Skierniewice provinces. It encompasses a fragment of the edge zone of Northern Brink Heights which is characterized by considerable relative altitudes and large slope declivities. In the upland landscape of the park old and sightly trees play a significant role. They grow most often in villages, next to places of religious worship and national memorials. While preparing an inventory, many trees fulfilling the criteria of a natural monument were found. Of these only some specimens have been subject to legal protection. Valuable old trees may be also found in rural parks. Within the Wzniesienia Łódzkie Landscape Park 5 objects of this type can be found, the most valuable of them being the ancient manor-park in Klęk. Due to inadequate professional care most of them are in a doubtful state.
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Przedmowa

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PL
Wydano przy pomocy finansowej Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego oraz Komitetu Badań Naukowych
EN
The author describes the relief and geological structure of the Warta valley in its river gap across the Wieluń Upland, being 43 km long. There is underlined an interesting geological history of this area reflected in the fluvia land karst relief and in a complicated system of under ground and surface water circulation (for summary see page 176-178).
EN
In 1988-1990 phytoplankton was investigated in the Sulejów Reservoir. Two developmental peaks were recorded: a spring and an autumn ones; each of them was dominated by diatoms, which constituted 80.0 to 97.5% of total phytoplankton abundance. In all months Siephanodiscus hantzschii Grun. was the dominant species. The subdominants were phytoflagellates, whose intensive development was observed in the period of a decrease in diatom abundance and a decline in abundance in the period of zooplankton domination. Zooplankton was dominated by Daphnia cucullata and Bosmina coregoni.
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Wstęp

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EN
The paper presents the map of real vegetation of Las Łagiewnicki reserve. The map has been made in scale 1 : 5000. The reserve is situated in the area of Łódź City, inside the Łagiewniki Forest, which covers 1205 ha. The Las Łagiewnicki reserve which occupies app. 70 ha, protects natural mosaic of forest communities.
EN
The paper contains characteristics of forest stands structure in the Łagiewnicki forest in Łódź. Such species as fir and spruce (of mountain-highland provenience) reach their north-east range boundary here. Researches of forest stands vertical and spatial structure and fallen dead-tree structure were conducted. This studies revealed differences between tree-stands of Circaeo-Alnetum, Tilio-Carpinetum and Calamagrostio-Quercetum.
EN
The phytoplankton in the Sulejów Reservoir in 1996-1997 was dominant in spring and autumn by diatoms. The cyanobacteria were high only in several months in summer and early autumn. Biomass values was of 0.3 to 63.4 mg dm^˗3­. The most abundant were Stephanodiscus hantzschii (Grun.), Aulacoseira granulatu (Ehr.) Simonsen, Asterionella formosa (Hass.), Cyclotella comta (Ehr.) Kutz of diatoms, Trachelomonas volvocina Ehr of euglenids, Pediastrum boryanum (Turp.) Meenegh., Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. Staurastrum sp. of green algae and M¡crocLstis aeruginosa Kutz and Aphanisozomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs. of cyanobacteria. Corelations between the biomass of phytoplankton and temperature, pH, concentration of nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus in water were determined.
EN
In 1991-1993 phytoplankton was investigated in the Sulejów Reservoir. In spring and autumn two peaks and additionally in summer 1992 one peak of development were noted, characterized by average biomass values of 8.1 to 33.4 mg dm^-3. In general, diatoms prevailed, mainly Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun. and Melosira granulta (Ehr.). When their numbers fell the dominants were plant flagellates. The blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) were high only in several months in summer and early autumn, their chief components being Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. and Aphanisomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs. The seasonal dynamics of zooplankton development was also observed and at the some time its feeding pressure on the phytoplankton was the determined.
EN
Phytoplankton was investigated in two localities in the Warta River located upstream and downstream of the Jeziorsko Dam Reservoir. Spring and summer peaks of algal development, dominated by diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) (66.7 to 81.0% of total phytoplankton abundance), were recorded. Green algae (Chlorophyta) constituted 7.7 to 38.4% while blue-green algae (Cyanophyia) from 1.3 to 13.3% of total phytoplankton abundance. The percentages of other algal groups were low. Correlations between the abundance of phytoplankton and temperature, concentration of nitrate nigrogen and phosphorus in water were determined. The occurrence of taxons abundantly inhabiting either both localities or individually associated with only one of them was recorded.
EN
The paper describes the values of the Struga Dobieszkowska reserve. This reserve is located near Stryków, 15 km NE from Łódź, in the valley of small river called Młynówka. There are 261 plant species growing there. 14 plant communities have been described. The most important here are the oak-hombeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum) the and wet alder forest (Ciracaeo-Alnetum). The real vegetation map presents actual localization of different plant communities. The variety of plant communities is connected with natural variation of circumstances in the valley as well as with antropogenic factors (e.g. introduction of pine on the rich habitats).
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