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1
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Expression profiles of MGMT, p16, and APC genes in tumor and matching surgical margin from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

100%
Strzelczyk J., Gołąbek K., Krakowczyk Ł., Owczarek A.
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 3
505-509
EN
The aim of the study was to assess the expression of MGMT, p16, and APC genes in tumors and matching surgical margin samples from 56 patients with primary OSCC. We also analyzed the association of the clinical variables with the expression of the studied genes. After RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis gene expression levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. Two-sided parametrical Student's t-test for independent groups with equal/unequal variances showed no statistically significant differences in genes' expression in tumor compared to margin samples. No association was found between the genes' expression and clinical parameters, except for MGMT, whose low expression was probably associated with smoking (0.87 vs 1.34, p=0.065). 'Field cancerization' is an area with genetically or epigenetically altered cells and at the same time a risk factor for cancer. Disturbances in gene expression could also be the source of damages leading to cancerization. In conclusion, it is important to mention that the field remaining after a surgery may pose an increased risk of cancer development. It may be suggested that the diagnosis and treatment of cancers should not be concentrated only on the tumor itself, but also on the cancer field effect. Therefore, further molecular analysis on surgical margins and additional research regarding their assessment are required.
2
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Znaczenie czynników genetycznych w chorobie niedokrwiennej serca

100%
Gołąbek K., Strzelczyk J. K., Wiczkowski A.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2013
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vol. 67
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issue 1
33-39
EN
Coronary artery disease is multifactorial. In recent times due to the development of modern molecular biology techniques, candidate gene polymorphisms related to lipid metabolism the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and the regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as inflammatory response, have become a research topic. This article provides an overview of the most frequently studied polymorphisms.
PL
Choroba niedokrwienna serca ma charakter wieloczynnikowy. W ostatnim czasie ze względu na rozwój technik z zakresu biologii molekularnej tematem badań stały się polimorfizmy genów kandydatów, związanych m.in. z metabolizmem lipidów, z układem renina–angiotesyna–aldosteron (RAA), regulacją krzepnięcia i fibrynolizy oraz reakcją zapalną. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd wyników najczęściej badanych polimorfizmów.
3
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Rola wybranych polimorfizmów genu MGMT w rozwoju chorób nowotworowych

88%
Kiczmer P., Szydło B., Strzelczyk J. K., Gołąbek K., Ostrowska Z.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2017
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vol. 71
378-382
EN
Materiał genetyczny komórki jest nieustannie narażony na działanie czynników mutagennych. Odpowiednie mechanizmy chroniące przed szkodliwym wpływem mutagenów są niezwykle ważne dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania oraz kontroli proliferacji komórek. Jednym z mechanizmów naprawczych jest działanie enzymu MGMT, który odpowiada za ochronę DNA komórki przed czynnikami alkilującymi. Różnice w aktywności enzymu, wynikające z występowania wielu odmian polimorficznych jego genu, mogą prowadzić niekiedy do zwiększonego ryzyka zachorowania na nowotwory. Tematem pracy jest omówienie roli niektórych polimorfizmów genu MGMT w rozwoju oraz terapii chorób nowotworowych.
PL
Cell DNA is constantly exposed to mutagenic factors. DNA repair mechanisms are very important to provide proper cell functioning and proliferation control. One of the DNA repair mechanisms is based on the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase enzyme, which provides protection against alkylating agents. Differences in MGMT enzyme activity may be caused by MGMT gene polymorphisms. MGMT polymorphisms may increase cancer risk, e.g. lung cancer or esophageal cancer. In this review we have described the role of some MGMT polymorphisms in cancer development and therapy.
4
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Znaczenie epigenetyki w patogenezie czerniaka

88%
Chodurek E., Gołąbek K., Orchel J., Orchel A., Dzierżewicz Z.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2012
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vol. 66
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issue 3
44-56
EN
Epigenetics represents the mechanisms that infl uence the regulation and modifi cation of the expression of genetic material not related to the alterations in DNA sequences. These mechanisms include both DNA methylation and histone modifi cations. In the present article, we review current views on the role of aberrations of DNA hyper- and hypomethylation processes and the acetylation of histones, associated with genes that control the cell cycle, cell diff erentiation, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell signaling, angiogenesis, metabolism of xenobiotics and invasion, in the pathogenesis of melanoma. In addition, new strategies for treatment of melanoma associated with epigenetics are presented.
PL
Przez pojęcie epigenetyka należy rozumieć mechanizmy wpływające na regulację i modyfi kację ekspresji materiału genetycznego, jednocześnie niezmieniające sekwencji nukleotydów. Mechanizmy te obejmują zarówno metylację DNA, jak i modyfi kacje histonów. W artykule dokonano przeglądu aktualnych poglądów dotyczących zaburzeń procesów hiperi hipometylacji DNA oraz acetylacji histonów w patogenezie czerniaka, związanych z genami kontrolującymi cykl komórkowy, różnicowanie, naprawę DNA, apoptozę, sygnalizację komórkową, angiogenezę, metabolizm ksenobiotyków i powstawanie przerzutów. Ponadto przedstawiono nowe strategie leczenia czerniaka związane z epigenetyką.
5
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Nucleotide substitutions in the Candida albicans ERG11 gene of azole-susceptible and azole-resistant clinical isolates

88%
Strzelczyk J., Ślemp-Migiel A., Rother M., Gołąbek K., Wiczkowski A.
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 4
547-552
EN
One of the mechanisms of Candida albicans resistance to azole drugs used in antifungal therapy relies on increased expression and presence of point mutations in the ERG11 gene that encodes sterol 14α demethylase (14DM), an enzyme which is the primary target for the azole class of antifungals. The aim of the study was to analyze nucleotide substitutions in the Candida albicans ERG11 gene of azole-susceptible and azole-resistant clinical isolates. The Candida albicans isolates represented a collection of 122 strains selected from 658 strains isolated from different biological materials. Samples were obtained from hospitalized patients. Fluconazole susceptibility was tested in vitro using a microdilution assay. Candida albicans strains used in this study consisted of two groups: 61 of the isolates were susceptible to azoles and the 61 were resistant to azoles. Four overlapping regions of the ERG11 gene of the isolates of Candida albicans strains were amplified and sequenced. The MSSCP (multitemperature single strand conformation polymorphism) method was performed to select Candida albicans samples presenting genetic differences in the ERG11 gene fragments for subsequent sequence analysis. Based on the sequencing results we managed to detect 19 substitutions of nucleotides in the ERG11 gene fragments. Sequencing revealed 4 different alterations: T495A, A530C, G622A and A945C leading to changes in the corresponding amino acid sequence: D116E, K128T, V159I and E266D. The single nucleotide changes in the ERG11 gene did not affect the sensitivity of Candida albicans strains, whereas multiple nucleotide substitutions in the ERG11 gene fragments indicated a possible relation with the increase in resistance to azole drugs.
6
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Selected mechanisms of molecular resistance of Candida albicans to azole drugs

76%
Gołąbek K., Strzelczyk J., Owczarek A., Cuber P., Ślemp-Migiel A., Wiczkowski A.
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 2
247-251
EN
A phenomenon of increasing resistance of Candida spp. to azoles has been observed for several years now. One of the mechanisms of lack of sensitivity to azoles is associated with CDR1, CDR2, MRD1 genes (their products are active transport pumps conditioning drug efflux from pathogen's cell), and ERG11 gene (encoding lanosterol 14α-demethylase). Test material was 120 strains of Candida albicans (60 resistant and 60 susceptible to azole drugs) obtained from clinical samples. The first stage of experiment assessed the expression of CDR1, CDR2, MDR1 and ERG11 genes by Q-PCR. The impact of ERG11 gene's mutations on the expression of this gene was analysed. The final stage of the experiment assessed the level of genome methylation of Candida albicans strains. An increase in the expression of CDR2, MDR1 and ERG11 was observed in azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans in comparison to strains sensitive to this class of drugs. Furthermore, 19 changes in the sequence of ERG11 were detected in tested strains. Four of the discovered mutations: T495A, A530C, G622A and A945C led to the following amino acid substitutions: D116E, K128T, V159I and E266D, respectively. It has also been found that statistically five mutations: T462C, G1309A, C216T, C1257T and A945C affected the expression of ERG11. The applied method of assessing the level of methylation of Candida albicans genome did not confirm its role in the development of resistance to azoles. The results indicate however, that resistance of Candida albicans strains to azole drugs is multifactorial.
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